May 2015
2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 20503
Today
GHANA’S SUCCESSFUL URBANIZATION
% U
rba
n
SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014
4
Full range of GDP per capita
SOURCE: MADDISON 2006; UNITED NATIONS 1969, 1949, 1953, 2006C; HISTORICAL DATABASE OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
GDP per capita, USD thousandsconstant int’l Geary-Khamis
% U
rba
n S
ha
re
5
0102030405060708090
100
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Urbanization rate, %
Log GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 US$)
Strong relationship between income and urbanization
All countries, 2013
Ghana, 1990-2013
Log. (All countries, 2013)
SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS.
6
2328 26
38
5362
73
10 10
26 30 28
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ACCRA (GAMA)
URBAN COASTAL
URBAN FOREST
URBAN SAVANNAH
RURAL COASTAL
RURAL FOREST
RURAL SAVANNAH
%Poverty incidence in selected regional areas
19912012/13
SOURCE: GSS 2013, 2014.
7
1814 14
11
1712
6 7
32 32 3025
2825
14 15
0
10
20
30
40
ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS
%Secondary education attainment of population 15+ years20002010
SOURCE: GUR I, ANNEX TABLE 14
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Today
CHALLENGES IN FURTHER ENHANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCLUSION THROUGH CITIES
8
SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014
9
GHANA’S URBAN POPULATION
10
ADDING ANOTHER LIBERIA!
11
DOUBLE IN JUST TWENTY YEARS!
12
SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 13
1985
2013
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
30 35 40 45 50 55
Ma
nufa
ctu
ring
va
lue
ad
ded
(% o
f GD
P)
Urbanization rate (%)
SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 14
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1992-2006 2006-2010
% Sources of Ghana’s growthCapital accumulation Human capital accumulationLabor reallocation Total factor productivity
15SOURCE: GHANA UR
18
28.6
12.9
30.4
17.5
27.2
13.4
38.7
13.3
33.7
0 10 20 30 40 50
MANUFACTURING
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
Share of employment – metropolitan areasAccra Kumasi Sekondi/Takoradi Tamale Tema
16
196 227110 95
258
563
157 158
286
1148
237 276
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Abidjan Accra Conarky Cotonou
Area insq kms
Urban Footprint of West African Cities
1990 2002 2012
SOURCE: WORLD BANK, THE FUTURE OF WATER IN AFRICAN CITIES: WHY WASTE WATER (2013)
9842
5273 5651
0
11155
29474209
6961
15368
1804 2460
7037
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
ABIDJAN ACCRA COTONOU CONARKY
Urban Density
circa 1990 circa 2000 Circa 2014
17
Population per Km2
Source: National Transport Survey 2007. 18
5.8
24.7
41.6
22.6
32.8
39.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
ACCRA
KUMASI
Percent of total
Means of transport to and from workplace, 2007
foot trotro shared taxi
SOURCE: GUR I ANNEX TABLES.19
-3.7 -3.8 -1.5-8 -7.3
-11.1
-16.5
-20.3-22.2
-7.7-0.5
9.3
-5.7
1.7
10.1 10.9
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS
%
Change in access to piped water + toilet, 2000-10Safe toilet facilities Piped water
15% of pop
20
SOURCES: UN-HABITAT GHANA HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE 2011AFFORDABLE HOUSING INSTITUTE ETHIOPIA COUNTRY CASE STUDY 2014
ADDIS ABABA GHANA
25% of pop
60% of pop
15% of pop
50% of pop
35% of pop
80%Pop in slums
USD$970
USD$638Monthly income
required for cheapest complete
house
53%Pop in slums
Monthly income
21
Available financing at MMDA remains marginal
Source: Ghana UR
Pctoday
Infrastructure financing gap
Policy priorities
22
23
EFFICIENCY
INCLUSION
EFFICIENCY
INCLUSION
EFFICIENCY
INCLUSION
EFFICIENCY
INCLUSION
Enables new business dev and construction and agglomeration
economies
Improves access to affordable
housing
Strengthens capacity for
distribution of basic urban services
Enables workers, firms, materials to locate at most efficient location: agglomeration effects
Supports the provision of basic
urban services
Enables development of
connective infrastructure
Enables coordination and
financing
Improves service delivery and
coordination in service provision
24
25
26
27
28