May 2015

2

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 20503

Today

GHANA’S SUCCESSFUL URBANIZATION

% U

rba

n

SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014

4

Full range of GDP per capita

SOURCE: MADDISON 2006; UNITED NATIONS 1969, 1949, 1953, 2006C; HISTORICAL DATABASE OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

GDP per capita, USD thousandsconstant int’l Geary-Khamis

% U

rba

n S

ha

re

5

0102030405060708090

100

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Urbanization rate, %

Log GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 US$)

Strong relationship between income and urbanization

All countries, 2013

Ghana, 1990-2013

Log. (All countries, 2013)

SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS.

6

2328 26

38

5362

73

10 10

26 30 28

55

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ACCRA (GAMA)

URBAN COASTAL

URBAN FOREST

URBAN SAVANNAH

RURAL COASTAL

RURAL FOREST

RURAL SAVANNAH

%Poverty incidence in selected regional areas

19912012/13

SOURCE: GSS 2013, 2014.

7

1814 14

11

1712

6 7

32 32 3025

2825

14 15

0

10

20

30

40

ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS

%Secondary education attainment of population 15+ years20002010

SOURCE: GUR I, ANNEX TABLE 14

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Today

CHALLENGES IN FURTHER ENHANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCLUSION THROUGH CITIES

8

SOURCE: UN WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, 2014

9

GHANA’S URBAN POPULATION

10

ADDING ANOTHER LIBERIA!

11

DOUBLE IN JUST TWENTY YEARS!

12

SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 13

1985

2013

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

30 35 40 45 50 55

Ma

nufa

ctu

ring

va

lue

ad

ded

(% o

f GD

P)

Urbanization rate (%)

SOURCES: WDI; WORLD BANK STAFF CALCULATIONS. 14

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1992-2006 2006-2010

% Sources of Ghana’s growthCapital accumulation Human capital accumulationLabor reallocation Total factor productivity

15SOURCE: GHANA UR

18

28.6

12.9

30.4

17.5

27.2

13.4

38.7

13.3

33.7

0 10 20 30 40 50

MANUFACTURING

WHOLESALE & RETAIL

Share of employment – metropolitan areasAccra Kumasi Sekondi/Takoradi Tamale Tema

16

196 227110 95

258

563

157 158

286

1148

237 276

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Abidjan Accra Conarky Cotonou

Area insq kms

Urban Footprint of West African Cities

1990 2002 2012

SOURCE: WORLD BANK, THE FUTURE OF WATER IN AFRICAN CITIES: WHY WASTE WATER (2013)

9842

5273 5651

0

11155

29474209

6961

15368

1804 2460

7037

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

ABIDJAN ACCRA COTONOU CONARKY

Urban Density

circa 1990 circa 2000 Circa 2014

17

Population per Km2

Source: National Transport Survey 2007. 18

5.8

24.7

41.6

22.6

32.8

39.3

0 20 40 60 80 100

ACCRA

KUMASI

Percent of total

Means of transport to and from workplace, 2007

foot trotro shared taxi

SOURCE: GUR I ANNEX TABLES.19

-3.7 -3.8 -1.5-8 -7.3

-11.1

-16.5

-20.3-22.2

-7.7-0.5

9.3

-5.7

1.7

10.1 10.9

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20ACCRA KUMASI SEKONDI/TAKORADI TAMALE TEMA CLASS 6 CLASS 7 OTHERS

%

Change in access to piped water + toilet, 2000-10Safe toilet facilities Piped water

15% of pop

20

SOURCES: UN-HABITAT GHANA HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE 2011AFFORDABLE HOUSING INSTITUTE ETHIOPIA COUNTRY CASE STUDY 2014

ADDIS ABABA GHANA

25% of pop

60% of pop

15% of pop

50% of pop

35% of pop

80%Pop in slums

USD$970

USD$638Monthly income

required for cheapest complete

house

53%Pop in slums

Monthly income

21

Available financing at MMDA remains marginal

Source: Ghana UR

Pctoday

Infrastructure financing gap

Policy priorities

22

23

EFFICIENCY

INCLUSION

EFFICIENCY

INCLUSION

EFFICIENCY

INCLUSION

EFFICIENCY

INCLUSION

Enables new business dev and construction and agglomeration

economies

Improves access to affordable

housing

Strengthens capacity for

distribution of basic urban services

Enables workers, firms, materials to locate at most efficient location: agglomeration effects

Supports the provision of basic

urban services

Enables development of

connective infrastructure

Enables coordination and

financing

Improves service delivery and

coordination in service provision

24

25

26

27

28