UNIT 7 PROGRESSIVISM

PEOPLE TO KNOW

(TO HELP WITH FREE-RESPONSE “SPECIFIC

FACTUAL INFORMATION”)

THE MUCKRAKERS

JOURNALISTS WHO BEGAN TO DIRECT PUBLIC

ATTENTION TOWARD SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND

POLITICAL INJUSTICES; THEODORE ROOSEVELT

ACCUSED ONE OF “RAKING UP MUCK” THROUGH HIS

WRITINGS; FIRST AIMED AT TRUSTS AND THE

RAILROADS; EX. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS JR., IDA

TARBELL, LINCOLN STEFFENS; HELPED INSPIRE

AMERICANS TO TAKE ACTION

CHARLES SHELDON

WROTE IN HIS STEPS (1898); SPREAD THE SOCIAL GOSPEL IDEA

WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH

PROTESTANT THEOLOGIAN;

PUBLISHED A SERIES OF WORKS ON THE POSSIBILITIES FOR HUMAN SALVATION

THROUGH CHRISTIAN REFORM; OPPOSED

“DARWINISM” (SURVIVAL OF THE

FITTEST)

WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER

SOCIAL DARWINIST; BELIEVED IN

“SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”; PEOPLE’S

FORTUNES REFLECTED THEIR

“FITNESS”

JACOB RIIS

PHOTOGRAPHER THAT EXPOSED

LIVING CONDITIONS IN CROWDED

IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS

JANE ADDAMS

SOCIAL WORKER; OPENED HULL

HOUSE (SETTLEMENT HOUSE FOR

IMMIGRANTS IN CHICAGO)

THORSTEIN VEBLEN

SOCIAL SCIENTIST; PROPOSED A NEW

ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH POWER

WOULD RESIDE IN THE HANDS OF

HIGHLY TRAINED ENGINEERS

LILLIAN WALD

REFORMER IN THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE

MOVEMENT

FRANCES WILLARD

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT; LED THE WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION

(WCTU)

ANNA HOWARD SHAW

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT

SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN

WROTE WOMEN AND ECONOMICS (1898);

ARGUED AGAINST STRICT GENDER

ROLES

ALICE PAUL

HEAD OF THE NATIONAL WOMEN’S

PARTY; PROPOSED THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (ERA)

TO DECLARE WOMEN LEGALLY EQUAL TO

MEN – STILL HAS NOT PASSED

(WOMEN COULD BE DRAFTED)

TOM JOHNSON (CLEVELAND)

NEWTON D. BAKER (CLEVELAND)

HAZEN PINGREE (DETROIT)

SAMUEL “GOLDEN RULE” JONES (TOLEDO)

REFORM MAYORS; TRIED TO BRING

SPIRIT OF REFORM INTO CITY

GOVERNMENT

ROBERT M. LA FOLLETTE

(WISCONSIN)

VERY PROGRESSIVE GOVERNOR;

INSTATED DIRECT PRIMARIES,

INITIATIVES, REFERENDUMS;

REGULATED RAILROADS AND

UTILITIES; PASSED LAWS PROTECTING

WORKERS

SAMUEL GOMPERS

LEADER OF THE AMERICAN

FEDERATION OF LABOR (AFL);

BELIEVED WORKERS SHOULD NOT RELY

ON THE GOVERNMENT TO

HELP THEM

CHARLES FRANCIS MURPHY

LEADER OF NY’S TAMMANY HALL; FUSED

BOSS RULE AND SOCIAL REFORMS TO IMPROVE WORKING CONDITIONS

AND PROTECT CHILD LABORERS; SUPPORTED BY SENATOR ROBERT F.

WAGER AND ASSEMBLYMAN ALFRED

E. SMITH

HIRAM JOHNSON (CALIFORNIA)

GEORGE NORRIS (NEBRASKA)

WILLIAM BORAH (IDAHO)

WESTERN PROGRESSIVE

LEADERS

W. E. B. DU BOIS

ADVOCATED THAT BLACKS SHOULD ACCEPT

NOTHING LESS THAN A FULL UNIVERSITY

EDUCATION; MET AT THE NIAGARA FALLS

CONFERENCE (FOUNDED THE NAACP– REMAINS

INTACT TODAY); OPENLY OPPOSED BOOKER T.

WASHINGTON’S REFORM METHODS

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

BORN INTO SLAVERY; ENCOURAGED

AFRICAN AMERICANS TO “PUT DOWN YOUR BUCKET WHERE YOU

ARE” AND WORK FOR IMMEDIATE SELF-

IMPROVEMENT

MADISON GRANT

WROTE THE PASSING OF A GREAT RACE

(1916); KNOWN AS AMERICA’S MOST

EFFECTIVE NATIVIST (OPPOSED TO IMMIGRANTS)

EUGENE V. DEBS

RAN FOR PRESIDENT IN 1912 AS A

SOCIALIST

“WOBBLIES”

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE

WORLD (IWW); LED BY WILLIAM “BIG BILL” HAYWOOD;

ADVOCATED A SINGLE UNION FOR

ALL WORKERS

LOUIS D. BRANDEIS

PROGRESSIVE REFORMER; WROTE

OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY (1913) IN

WHICH HE SUPPORTED

DECENTRALIZATION OF THE US

GOVERNMENT