Ulcerative colitis PRESENTED BY
GUIDED BY
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine characterized by motility and secretion disorders.
Inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon, but it may affect the entire colon.
UC is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the small intestine and colon.
INTRODUCTION
UC can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders and another type of IBD called Crohn's disease (CD).
UC may occur in people of any age, but most often it starts between ages 15 and 30, or less frequently between ages 50 and 70.
There are 4 types of ulcerative colitis
(UC): Ulcerative proctitis Proctosigmoiditis Left-sided colitis Pan-ulcerative colitis
TYPES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Ulcerative proctitis IS a mild form of the disease and
accounts for nearly 30% of all cases. Bowel inflammation is limited to the rectum, and because the affected area is so small, it is associated with fewer complications.
Proctosigmoiditis Affects the rectum and the sigmoid
colon (the lower segment of colon located right above the rectum).
Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, cramps, and a constant feeling of the need to pass stool. Moderate pain on the lower left side of the abdomen may occur in active disease
Left-sided colitis Begins at the rectum and
extends up to a bend in the colon near the spleen called the splenic flexure.
Symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, severe pain on the left side of the abdomen, and bleeding.
Pan-ulcerative colitis Effects the entire colon. Symptoms
include diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, cramps, and extensive weight loss.
Potentially serious complications include massive bleeding and acute dilation of the colon (which may lead to an opening in the bowel wall). Serious complications
The estimated two million Americans suffer from IBD, CD is far less common than UC, but currently the Incidences of each are estimated to be about equal.
The incidence may vary depending on gender, age, and geography.
Men and women have an equal risk for UC.
UC CHARACTERISTICS
Ulcerative colitis symptoms can vary, depending on the severity Of inflammation .
You may have the following signs and symptoms, depending on which part of the colon is inflamed:
SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Abdominal pain. Increased abdominal sounds. Bloody stools. Diarrhea. Fever. Rectal pain. Weight loss.
SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Different tests can help your doctor diagnose ulcerative colitis. This disorder mimics other bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease.
Tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis include:
Tests for Ulcerative Colitis
stool test - a doctor examines your stool for blood, bacteria, and parasites
endoscopy - a doctor uses a flexible, lighted tube to examine the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine
colonoscopy - diagnostic test that involves insertion of a long, flexible tube into the rectum to examine the inside of the colon
biopsy - surgeon removes a tissue sample from the colon
barium enema - X-rays are taken of your colon and rectum, using barium to provide contrast.
A blood test also helps diagnose ulcerative colitis.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition. Treatment usually involves drug therapy or surgery.
Doctor may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication. Reducing Inflammation will help with abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Drugs used in Treatment of Ulcerative colitis :
Generic Name : MESALAMINEBrand Names : Asacol , Canasa Supposituries tablet 500mg…
• Asacol is a tablet consisting of 5-ASA compound.• When the tablet reaches the terminal ileum and
colon,the resin coating dissolves, thus releasing 5-ASA into the colon.
SIDE EFFECT : • Vomiting , Stomach Pain and Fever.
Generic Name : OLSAZINEBrand Names : Dipentum, Olsalazine Sodium 250mg Caps..• Olsalazine (Dipentum) consists of two 5-ASA molecules
linked together. It is sulfa free.• When the drug reaches the terminal ileum and the
colon, normal bacteria in the intestine break the linkage and release the active drug into the colon and terminal ileum.
SIDE EFFECT : • side effect unique to olsalazine is secretory diarrhea .• This condition occurs in 5-10% of patients, and diarrhea
sometimes can be severe.
Generic Name : SULFASALAZINEBrand Names : Azulfidine EN-tabs 500mg, Salazopyrin EN-tabs..• Sulfasalazine consists of a 5-ASA molecule linked
chemically to a sulfapyridine molecule. • When sulfasalazine reaches the colon, bacteria in
the colon will break the linkage between the two molecules.
• After breaking away from 5-ASA, sulfapyridine is absorbed into the body and then excreted in the urine.
SIDE EFFECT : Heartburn ,Headache ,Skin rashes…..
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