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Universidad de GuadalajaraCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE:• Ulcerative Colitis• Crohn´s Disease
Exponent:Eguía Ornelas Carlos Eugenio Octubre 2011
Teachers:Dr. Héctor Manuel Virgen Ayala
Dr. Benjamín Robles Mariscal
Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Ulcerative Colitis
Difusse inflammatory disease, contiguous, initially confined to mucous.
Ulcerative Colitis
RECTUM
ILEUM
10% - 20% Reflux Ileitis20%30% - 40% 40% - 50%
Epidemiology
Ages 15-30
60-80
1:1
Preventive
Etiology
Unknown
Exogen factors: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Clostridium Difficile.
Lack of immunitary regulation
Genetics: IL-23R
Inheritance
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrea
Rectorrhage
Tenesmus
Mucus secretion
Crampy abdominal pain
Fever
Diagnosis
Endoscopy or proctoscopy
Barium enema “Lead tube”
Barium contrast radiography.
Contrast CT
www.gastrointestinalatlas.com
Disease PresentationLow Moderate Severe
Depositions <4/day 4-6 day >6 day
Blood in stool Few Moderate Intense
Fever No Mean <37.5°C Mean > 37.5°
Tachycardia No <90 >90
ESR <30 mm >30 mm
Endoscopic aspect Erythema, decrease of vascular model,
fine granularity.
Intense erythema, thick granularity,
absence of vascular marks, contact
hemorrhage, no ulcerations.
Spontaneus hemorrhage, ulcerations.
Fauci A. S. et al. (2009). Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. México, D.F. Mc Graw Hill. Pag. 1889
Medical Treatment
Lactose free diet
Sulfasalazine
Mesalamine
Olzalazine
Balsalazide
Corticosteroids
Surgical Treatment
URGENT SURGERY Fulminant colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Total colectomy with terminal ileostomy
SELECTIVE SURGERY: Abdominal colectomy with ileorrectal anastomosis
Total Proctocolectomy with terminal ileostomy
Restorative proctocolectomy with anal anastomosis and ileal bag
Crohn’s Disease(CD)
Crohn’s Disease
Affects any part of digestive tube.
Segmentary distribution
Colon and Small Intestine 40%
Small Intestine 30%Colon 25%Anorrectal 8%
Ileocolic and Small Intestine CDAnal and Perianal CDCrohn´s Jejunoileitis Crohn’s Colitis
Acute InflammatoryChronic Fibrous
Epidemiology
Ages 15-30
60-80
1: 1.5
Increase probabilities
Etiology
Unknown
Exogen factors: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia.
Lack of immunitary regulation
Genetics: CARD 15, MHC, OCTN, DLG5, ATG16L1
Ileocolic and Small Intestine CD
Diarrea
Right upper and lower quadrant pain
Palpable mass
Fever and leukocytosis
Internal abscesses
Complications Fistulas
Obstruction
Crohn´s Jejunoileitis
Steatorrhea
Diarrea
Nutritional deficiencies
Albumin
Mg
Ca
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Vertebral Fractures
Crohn’s Colitis
Fever
General malaise
Diarrea
Crampy abdominal pain
Hematochezia
Complications: Stenosis, Fistulas, Intestinal Obstruction, Fulminant Colitis and Toxic Megacolon
Anal and Perianal CD
Affects 35% of CD patients
Incontinence
Big hemorrhoids
Anal stenosis
Anorrectal fistulas
Perirrectal abscesses
CD Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Barium contrast radiography “Rope Sign”
CT Enterology
MRI
www.gastrointestinalatlas.com
Medical Treatment
Glucocorticoids
5- aminosalicilates (Sulfasalazine, Mesalamine)
Immunosuppressive (Azatioprine, Mercaptopurine)
Antibiotics
Infliximab
Surgical Treatment
- Segmentary colectomy with primary anastomosis.
- Total colectomy with ileorrectal anastomosis
- Proctocolectomy with ileostomy
Right Hemicolectomy - CD
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nkbhc7KyS68
Ulcerative Colitis Crohn’s Disease
Diarrea Marked Present, less severe
Blood in stool Caracteristic Infrequent
Perianal injuries Infrequent, mild Frequent, complex
Toxic dilatation Yes (3-10%) Yes (2-5%)
Pain Occasional Frequent
Abdominal mass Rare Yes
General Symptoms Occasional Frequent
Fistulas No Yes
Intestinal Obstruction Rare Frequent
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Fauci A. S. et al. (2009). Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. México, D.F. Mc Graw Hill. Pag. 1890
Undetermined Colitis
15% of IBD
UC and CD characteristics and complications
Total abdominal colectomy with terminal ileostomy
Thanks!
Bibliography
• Doherty M. Gerard (2011). Diagnóstico y Tratamiento Quirúrgicos. México D.F.: Lange.
• Fauci A. S. et al. (2009). Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. México, D.F.: Mc Graw Hill.
• Brunicardi. F. Charles. et al. (2006). Schwartz. Principios de Cirugía. México, D.F.: Mc Graw Hill.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nkbhc7KyS68