TRANSCRIBED AND GLOSSEDRECORDINGS OF
SAWRIYA PAHARIYA MALTO
Masato KobayashiHakuoh University
Bablu TirkeyRanchi University
1. Story of My Hardship. By Mr. Guhiya Paharia of Malipara, P.O. Simlong, Litti-para Block, Pakur District. Recorded at his residence in Littipara on September 10,2005.
0’00 e:nuI
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiya.PROP
aba-kifather-GE
na:miname
jomePROP
pahaóiya.PROP
qepduvillage
malipaóa.PROP
li úipaóaPROP
bloke-noblock-LO
paóa-r-ilie(H)-IT-PR.3S
“I am Guhiya Paharia. Father’s name is Jome Paharia. Village is Malipara. Itis located in Littipara Block.”
0’16 e:nI
inornow
parikSaexam(H)
cic-akangive-CP.1S
pa:kuó
PROP
iskule-noschool-LO
masúareteacher
ka:jawork
kud-indo-PR.1S
“I took an exam and now I work as a teacher at a school in Pakur.”
0’23 e:nI
eN-kiI-GE
mundiin.olden.times
maq-pahr-nochild-time(H)-LO
ka:klihardship
meñj-a.be-PT.3S
ad-enthat-AC
inornow
nim-eyou-DA
tenå-intell-PR.1S
“In olden times, in my childhood, I had a hard time. Now I will tell you.”
0’29 mundiin.olden.times
maq-pahr-nochild-time-LO
suru-surubeginning(H)-RED
pahr-notime-LO
lap-otieat-IF
indri-jahãwhat-EPH
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
“In my early childhood, in the beginning, there was nothing to eat.”
1
0’35 oóåu-nohouse-LO
sirfonly(H)
gaNgim-jahãmaize-EPH
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
qesurice
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
“There was only maize in the house. There was no rice.”
0’40 bahutmuch
muskile-tidifficulty(H)-AB
dalc-dalcgrind.PT-RED
ja:gufood
bita-bitacook-RED
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“Grinding it [each time] with great difficulty, [Father] fed us cooking [littleby little].”
0’45 andathen
kisi:.tara.sesomehow(H)
bimari-nodisease-LO
ba:c-ar-posave-IT-IF?
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Somehow I recovered from my disease [lit. recovery took place].”
0’49 ba:c-ar-nesave-IT-VN
ke.ba:dafter(H)
eNg-enme-AC
abba-hfather-NO
iskole-noschool-LO
vartienrollment
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
“After I recovered, father sent me to school.”
0’54 iskuleschool
sarkarigovernmental
pahaóiyaPROP
iskuleschool
hiranpur-noPROP-LO
okiy-adsit.PT-3S.NM
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
“The Pahariya school of the government was in Hiranpur back then.”
1’01 a:dthat
qep-intivillage-AB
issavery
digóofar
“It was very far from my village.
1’04 ad-intethat-AB
eNg-enI-AC
vartienrollment
nan-nedo-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:nuI
bahutmuch(H)
muskildifficulty
sefrom
paóic-tanread.PT-1S
“After [father took me] out of the village and sent me to the school, I studiedwith great difficulty.”
1’10 eNg-eI-DA
e:kone
úakarupee
du:
twoúakarupee
qe:r-anchicken-AC
indruwhat
e:óa-ngoat-AC
ne:k-enwho-AC
bi:sa-bi:sa[s]sell-RED
eNg-eI-DA
abba-hfather-NO
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He sold chicken, goat and so on to give me one or two rupees.”
1’20 pe:sa-kimoney-GE
toTOP
bahutmuch
muskiledifficulty
hiEPH
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
“When it comes to money, there was a big difficulty.”
2
1’22 a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
e:kone
úakarupee
ca:ra:na4.anna
aúa:na8.anna
aïã-otfind-IF
jahãeven
muskiledifficult
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“At that time, even getting one rupee, a quarter or a half rupee was difficult.”
1’28 gaói-bharacar-load(H)
behi-nobe-CP
seEPH
har.samaeevery.time(H)
e:kalgo-CP
kam.se.kamat.least(H)
mehna-nomonth(H)-LO
ke:pondonce
eNg-bahaI.OB-place
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“Going on the back of a car every time, my father came to my place at leastonce a month.”
1’33 e:k-nego-VN
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-enI-AC
úunãy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
“He came and saw me.”
1’35 ad-intithat-AB
paóyi-teread-CP
paóyi-teread-CP
paóyi-teread-CP
e:nuI
nawmaninth
kilase-kclass-DA
aós-tanreach.PT-1S
“After that I read and read, and reached the ninth class.”
1’42 nawmaninth
kilase-kclass-DA
aós-nereach-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:noI
paóy-otiread-IF
ad-intethat-AB
amb-tanstop.PT-1S
“After reaching the ninth class, I stopped studying after that.”
1’47 oóåo-nohouse-LO
jañjaóitrouble
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
ka:klidifficulty
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
aniso
paóy-otiread-IF
e:nuI
amb-tanstop.PT-1S
“There was trouble, difficulty, at home, so I stopped studying.”
1’50 amb-nestop-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anothere
ortone
eNg-eI-DA
masúareteacher
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“Then there was a teacher there.”
1’53 ahi-kihe-GE
na:miname
meñj-abe.PT-3S
badlurPROP
hoddaPROP
“His name was Badlur Hodda.”
1’58 a:huhe
eN-kiI-GE
kilase-kiclass-GE
masúareteacher
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“He was my class teacher.”
3
2’02 enI
iskule-kschool-DA
nawnine
mehnamonth
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-enI-AC
phi:r.seagain
ciúiletter
teya-kahsend-CP.3S
bi:k-tar-ahcall-TR.PT-3S.M
“After nine months, he sent me a letter and called me again.”
2’08 bi:k-tara-kahcall-TR-CP.3S
bar-acome-IPV
niNg-eyou-DA
inornow
taktill(H)
na:miname
ka:úy-o:mtancut-PR.NG.1S
“He called me and said ‘Come, I have not dropped your name until now.”
2’12 inor niNg-enow
te:sú
you-DA
pari:kSa:
test(E)men-e:niexam(H)
‘Now there will be an exam for you.’
2’15 niNg-eyou-DA
parikSaexam
ciy-e:ne:
give-FT.2S.M
‘You will take the exam [specially arranged] for you.’
2’17 andathen
seEPH
mala[amla]not
tanthen
na:mi-nname-AC
niNki-nyours-AC
ka:úy-ancut-FT.1S
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘And if you don’t [take the exam], I will cut your name.’ ”
2’20 uske:.ba:dafter.that
eNg-enI-AC
abba-hfather-NO
ad-intethat-AB
ondr-ahbring.PT-3S.M
“Then father took me from there [i.e. village].”
2’25 ondr-tetake-CP
ondr-tetake-CP
ga:óemany
diniday
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
eNg-eI-DA
paóy-ostudy-IF
bed-laseek-NG.3S
“When he was taking me along, I did not feel like studying [again] after stay-ing home for many days.”
2’28 paóy-ostudy-IF
bed-laseek-NG.3S.NM
aniso
sujbe:raPROP
úo:ke-nohill- LO
jare-nojungle-LO
e:nuI
erå-opass.stool-IF
bid-iseek-PR.3S.NM
an-kasay-CP
korc-akanenter-CP.1S
o:ãoó-akancry-CP.1S
ok-tansit.PT-1S
“Not feeling like studying, in the jungle of the Surajbera Hill, I said I felt likeemptying my bowels, and entered [the jungle] and sat crying.”
2’35 hedmasúarprincipal(E)
baj-anahbeat-FT.3S.M
ad-in-õhe-AC-too
elic-tanfear.PT-1S
“The principal [of the school] would beat, and I was afraid of him, too.”
4
2’38 oãoóacry
ok-ne:sit-VN
ke.ba:dafter
aba-hfather-NO
eNg-enI-AC
qa:pa-qa:pawait-RED
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“While [lit. after] sitting crying, father stayed waiting [for me].”
2’42 qa:pa-qa:pawait-RED
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
uske:.ba:dafter.that
qalu-qalusteal.PP-RED
ulúar-akanturn.around-CP.1S
malipaóaPROP
qep-ikvillage-DA
bonå-orun-IF
meñj-atan [present perfect?]be.PT-1S
“Then, having turned around sneakily, I fled back to Malipara village.”
2’49 darce-kehold-CP.3S.M
a:ãnothere
e:kone
úaparslap
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
eNg-enI-AC
“Having caught me, he gave me a slap on the spot.”
2’51 baj-nebeat-VN
ke.ba:dafter
muskildifficulty
sewith
tuki-tuki-tuki-tukipush.PT-RED-RED-RED
li úipaóa-kPROP-DA
ondr-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“After slapping me, he kept pushing me on the back and took me to Littipara.”
2’55 liúipaóa-ntiPROP-AB
e:nuI
hiranpuri-kPROP-DA
ek-tamgo.PT-1P.E
jo:r.seimmediately
e:mwe.E
ma:nqal-e:mfather.and.son-1P.E
“We, father and son, went from Littipara to Hiranpur immediately.”
3’04 e:k-nego-VN
ke.ba:dafter
elc-e-tfear-VN-IN
eNg-eI-DA
ke:pontiat.once
me:dillness
korc-aenter.PT-3S.NM
“After going [to Hiranpur], I got fever at once because of fear.”
3’08 me:dillness
korc-aenter.PT-3S.NM
kukuhead
nuñjc-aache.PT-3S.NM
“I had fever and headache.”
3’10 uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:kone
golitablet
mandramedicine
qe:å-tanbuy.PT-1S
hiranpurPROP
haspaúale-nohospital-LO
“Then I bought one tablet at Hiranpur Hospital.”
3’15 mo:q-neeat-VN
ke.ba:dafter
kuku-nuyuhead-ache
úi:kwell
le:r-abecome.PT-3S.NM
“After taking [the tablet], the headache got well.”
5
3’19 úi:kwell
le:r-nebecome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
e:kone
pa:lirow
pari:kSa:
examannothere
katamend(H)
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“By the time I recovered, the first exam was over.”
3’24 dusrasecond
pa:lirow
pari:kSa:-noexam-LO
e:nuI
elc-u-nfear-PP-1S
kirkiwindow
pa:wthrough
ko:ric-tanenter.PT-1S
“In the second exam, I was afraid so I entered the room from a window.”
3’28 kirkiwindow
pa:wthrough
korca-tatkanenter.PT-CP.1S
kurka-tatkanwrite.PT-CP.1S
e:nuI
te:sú
testpari:kSa:-noexam-LO
goú-intiall-AB
ja:demuch
nambarenumber
hıEPH
eN-kiI-GE
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Having entered the room from a window and having written the exam, mineturned out to be the highest score of all in the exam.”
3’35 eN-kiI-GE
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anduall.the.time
mundubeginning
agdut-entiformer-AB
paóy-uread-PP
maqeboy
eNg-enI-AC
cillahtar-ahyell.PT-3S.M
“After that, a boy who was studying all the time since ago yelled at me.”
3’41 i:hthis.M.SG
toTOP
qaãa-kacheat.PT-CP
seEPH
pa:spass
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
ıhuthis.M
‘He passed by cheating.’
3’44 úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-kawrite-CP
pa:spass
meñj-ah.be.PT-3S.M
indekithis.way
mel-le:nibe-FT.NG.3S.NM
‘He passed looking at others’ papers and writing [his own exam]. This is notright.’
3’46 ih-ikthis.M.SG-DA
ikini-goúehow-EPH
besimuch
nambarenumber
barcacome.PT-3S.NM
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘How did the best score come out for him?’
3’50 an-nesay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
heãmasúareprincipal
awã-ah.say.PT-3S.M
adanothen
heãmasúareprincipal
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
ra:juPROP
mahtoPROP
“When they said so, the principal said. The principal at that time was RajuMahto.”
6
3’55 ra:juPROP
mahtoPROP
awã-ah.say.PT-3S.M
úi:kewell
andekithat.way
ta:nthen
deka:ITJ
tobethen
phiragain
seEPH
e:kone
bartime
parikSaexam
nan-tr-eido-TR-FT.1S
“Raju Mahto said, ‘Okay, if that is the case, I will give you an exam again.”’
4’00 goúer-niall-AC.EPH?
úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-awrite-IP
any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘Write [the exam] looking at everyone else.’
4’03 aniso
e:nI
awãa-tansay.PT-1S
seEPH
phiragain
dubaratwice
parikSaexam
men-no:be-CP
hõeven
úunã-úunã
see-RED
kurk-u-rwrite-PP-3P
kurk-anderwrite-OP.3P
amb-a.leave.IP
úunda-balosee-without
kurk-anwrite-FT.1S
an-tansay.PT-1S
“So I said, ‘Even if there is an exam again, I will write it without cheating.Let those who write cheating do so.”’
4’10 ande-goúagain-EPH
phiragain
eNg-eI-DA
hiEPH
nambarenumber
besimuch
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then again, I got the highest score.”
4’13 besimuch
men-nebe-CP
ke.ba:dafter
hedmasúareprincipal
awã-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“Then the principal said.”
4’17 úhi:kokay(H)
inornow
jhagóa.jhañjhaú
quarrel(H)men-nobe-CP
ko:iany(H)
úhi:kegood
mal-abe.not.PR-3S
‘Okay, now it is useless to do argument.’
4’20 ba:de-noafter-LO
bahutmuch
parikSaexam
mEúrikematriculation
pa:spass
men-nobe-CP
tatnothereupon
seEPH
e:nI
a:å-anknow-FT.1S
kiCPL
ne:duwho.NM.SG
acchawell
budi.taniintelligent
orand
ne:dwho.NM
budi.belounintelligent
“When you guys pass the big matriculation exam later, then I will know whois [really] intelligent and who isn’t.”
4’29 any-ah.say.PT-3S.M
úhi:kgood
ad-entithat-AB
parikSaexam
ciy-otigive-IF
ek-tamgo.PT-1P.E
“Okay, after that we went to take the exam.”
7
4’31 parikSaexam
pa:kuó
PROP
harindaNgaPROP
iskule-noschool-LO
eN-kiI-GE
sintarecenter
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“The Harindanga school in Pakur was my exam center.”
4’35 sintarecenter
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-nothat-LO
adeagain
qa:l-ucheat-PP
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
turan-turanat.once
darc-arcatch.PT-3P
“Then they caught boys who were cheating in the exam right away.”
4’40 dar-necatch-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ekspelexpel
na:ny-ardo.PT-3P
“Then they expelled them.”
4’42 ad-intethat-AB
otr-otrbring-RED
tey-arsend.PT-3P
duba:raagain(H)
parikSeexam
ciy-tar-largive-TR-PT.NG.3P
“They took them and kicked them out, and did not let them take the exam anymore.”
4’45 úhi:kokay
eNg-eI-DA
noEPH?
ji :b.bigya:nbiology(H)
bisae-kisubject(H)-GE
parikSaexam
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“For me, the exam was on biology.”
4’50 ad-nothat-LO
baNgaliBengali
maqeboy
qo:qwji:back
purjaslip
ki:d-ahput.PT-3S.M
“But then a guy [who was taking] Bengali [exam] put a cheating slip on myback.”
4’52 aniso
eNg-en-õI-AC-too
anothere
ga:ãiNgmonitoring
nan-udo-PP
vikSaksupervisor
e:kone
úaparslap
baj-kabeat-CP
purja:
slipke.sa:twith
eNg-enI-AC
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
ga:ãru:me-kguardroom-DA
“A supervisor who was monitoring the exam gave me a slap too, and took meto the guardroom with the cheating slip.”
5’01 ga:ãru:me-nteguardroom-AB
eNg-enI-AC
ji :pe-nJeep-AC
arg-tara-karclimb-TR-CP.3P
tha:na:-kpolice.station-DA
oc-artake.PT-3P
“They took me from the guardroom, made me get on a Jeep, and took me tothe police station.”
8
5’05 tha:na:-kpolice.station-DA
oy-netake-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ja:buwhen
ko:pi:ntest.paper-AC
arand
purja-nslip-AC
mila:-tar-ahput.together(H)-TR.PT-3S.M
“Then when they compared the copy and the slip,”
5’08 ta:buthen
ahi-kihe-GE
toTOP
ra:Súraba:sanational.language
baNglaBengali
meñj-a.be.PT-3S
eN-kiI-GE
toTOP
ji :b.bigya:ne-kibiology-GE
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“then his [cheating slip] was [on] the Bengali language, and my [exam] wasbiology.”
5’13 men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
eNg-enI-AC
phi:ragain
adhahalf
ghanúahour
úaimetime
qaúy-argive.PT-3P
parikSa-noexam-LO
bahutmuch
parikSa-noexam-LO
kurk-otiwrite-IF
“After that, they gave me time for half an hour to write a lot in the exam.”
5’20 qaú-negive-VN
ke.ba:dafter
enI
mEúrikematric
pa:spass
meñj-atanbe.PT-1S
“Then I passed the matriculation.”
5’22 mEúrikematric
pa:spass
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
enoI
ad-inte-mthat-AB-EPH
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
pahaóialpine
qep-wijovillage-side
ne:-jahãwho-even
mEúrikmatric
pa:serpasser
behi-lahbe-PT.NG.3S.M
“Then, from there, from the side of the mountain villages, there was no onewho had passed the matriculation.”
5’32 uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:nI
pa:spass
meñj-atan.be.PT-1S
aniso
duniyanews
hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then I passed. So the news became a sensation.”
5’35 hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
kiCPL
malipaóaPROP
qep-novillage-LO
ortuone
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
mEúrikmatric
pa:spass
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“It became a sensation that Guhiya Paharia, a guy from Malipara, passedmatriculation.”
9
5’41 any-asay.PT-3S
ikewhich
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
mEúrikmatric
pa:spass
meñj-abe.PT-3S
an-naqy-arsay-RCP.PT-3P
goú-er-i[k]all-P-DA
hallasensation
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“It was a sensation for everyone, saying to each other ‘Which Guhiya Pahariapassed the matriculation?”’
5’46 hallasensation
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
kuñjbanaPROP
misanmission
iskule-noschool-LO
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
sisúarnisister.F
mandramedicine
ba:úyugrind-PP
sisúarnisister.F
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
paóyi-tr-ustudy-TR-PP
sisúarnisister.F
ão:ky-astay.PT-3S
“Then there was a sister at the mission school in Kunjbona, a sister grindingmedicine, and a sister teaching.”
5’55 a:
thatsisúarnisister.F
bed-isearch-PR.3S
bed-iRED
eNg-baha-kI-place-DA
eky-ago.PT-3S
kiCPL
malipaóa-noPROP-LO
guhiyaPROP
pahaóiyaPROP
ikewho
mEúrikematric
pase-hpass-3S.M
e:nI
ah-inhe-AC
ão:k-tr-anstay-TR-FT.1S
any-asay.PT-3S
“Searching and searching, that sister came to my place and said, ‘GuhiyaPaharia in Malipara, who is a matriculation pass[er], we will hire him.”
6’03 uske:.ba:dafter.that
du:
twoso:
100úakarupee
mehnamonth
kuñjbanaPROP
misanmission
iskule-noschool-LO
paóyi-tr-atanstudy-TR-PT.1S
e:nuI
ti:nthree
sa:lyear
“Then I taught at the mission school in Kunjbona for three years for twohundred rupees a month.”
6’10 uske:.ba:dafter.that
sahargaúi-kPROP-DA
baric-tancome.PT-1S
betane-nsalary-AC
iñjr-otireceive-IF
“Then I came to Sahargati [every month] to receive salary.”
6’13 anteand
kud-dework-CP?
kud-deRED
a:
thatmisan-enmisson-AC
amb-kanleave-CP.1S
e:nuI
ek-tango.PT-1S
dumka.PROP
adibasiAdivasi
nigamcorporation
dipa:úe-nodepartment-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I worked and worked and then left the mission. I went to Dumka and got ajob at the Adivasi Nigam Department.”
10
6’21 nigamcorporation
dipa:úe-nodepartment-LO
ma:tronly
eNg-eI-DA
pa:cfive
so100
úakarupee
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Only from the Department I got a salary of five hundred rupees.”
6’25 bahutmuch
dine-noday-LO
sa:tseven
mehnamonth
binawithout
be:tane:-tisalaryIN
ka:lionly(H)
mandramedicine
baúic-tangrind.PT-1S
“For many days, for seven months, I was just grinding medicine withoutsalary.”
6’30 ka:kla:-r-atan.troubleIN-PT.1S
jaói-buúijungle-medicinal.plant(H)
mandramedicine
baúic-tangrind.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I had a tough time. I was grinding medicine from the medicinal plants of thejungle.”
6’32 baúyi-negrind-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ro:jday
eNg-eI-DA
pacfive
úakarupee
pe:samoney
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“After grinding, I got five rupees every day.”
6’36 a:
thatpe:sa-timoneyIN
je:
whiche:nuI
nasta-indrutiffin-what
meñj-meñjbe.PT-RED
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I used to have whatever tiffin [is available] with that money.”
6’39 ja:gu-ntefood-AB
e:nI
sahabe-kimaster-GE
bit-atancook.PT-1S
ad-enthat-AC
e:kone
muúifist
ja:gucooked.rice
lap-taneat.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I had a fistful of food from what I cooked for the boss.”
6’45 ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
sa:tseven
mehna:month
ke.ba:dafter
painti:s35
so:
100pe:samoney
qaq-oår-adreceive-PA.PT-3S.NM
eNg-eI-DA
“After seven months, I got 3,500 rupees.”
6’50 qaq-oår-nereceive-PA-VN
ke.ba:dafter
aba-kfather-DA
ondr-akabring-CP
cic-akangive-CP.1S
oóåu-nohouse-LO
cic-akangive-CP.1S
“Then I brought the money to my father, gave it [to him] at home, and,”
11
6’55 phi:ragain
a:
thatdineday
turantimmediately
a:nondso.much
seEPH
elc-afear-VN
meñjabe.PT-3S
dyutiduty
nan[-u]do-PP
pahr-notime-LO
elc-pofear-IT-IF
meñj-abe.PT-3S
kir-kareturn-CP
ek-tango.PT-1S
dumkaPROP
“I went back to Dumka immediately on the same day. So much was I afraid.I was afraid as I was on duty.”
7’01 phiragain
dumka-noPROP-LO
do:
twosalyear
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
tey-arsend.PT-3P
eNg-enI-AC
sahebgoñje-kPROP-DA
“After staying in Dumka for two more years, they sent me from there to Sa-hebganj.”
7’05 sahebgoñje-noPROP-LO
dukani-kishop-GE
ti:qalurice
da:lilentil
a:lupotato
sabjivegetable
oc-octake.PT-RED
lap-taneat.PT-1S
uda:ricredit
“Taking rice, dal, potatoes and vegetable from a shop in Sehebganj, I ate themon credit.”
7’16 pe:sa-úikanamoney-abode[H]
behi-labe-PT.NG.3S
e:kone
úakarupee
jãeven
dokri-nopocket-LO
behi-labe-PT.NG.3S
pe:samoney
“There was no money at all. There was no money, not even a rupee, in thepocket.”
7’17 uda:ricredit
lap-teeat-CP
lap-teeat-CP
ga:óemuch
le:ó-adbecome.PT-3S.NM
an-nothat-LO
ga:óemuch
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Eating and eating on credit, it became a big amount.”
7’20 ga:óemuch
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
eNg-enI-AC
ad-intethat-AB
haúa:-tar-ahdrive.off[H]-TR.PT-3S.M
“Then [the shop-owner] kicked me out from there [i.e. the shop],”
7’25 kiCPL
niNg-eyou-DA
inornow
pe:samoney
jim[-r]-le :niget-IT-FT.NG.3S.NM
jo:
whichpã:cfive
so:
100úakarupee
mehinamonth
jim-teget-CP
qaq-teacquire-CP
a:dthat
inohere
pe:samoney
jim[r]-le :niget-IT-FT.NG.3S.NM
ek-kago-CP
inornow
ni:nuyou
oóåo[i]house
ão:k-o:kastay.IPV
an-kasay-CP
tey-arsend.PT-3P
eNg-enI-AC
“saying, ‘If you have no money, if you cannot get the five hundred rupee you[are supposed to] get monthly, go home and stay’, they sent me back.”
12
7’35 uske:.ba:dafter.that
ad-intethat-AB
olå-otcry-IF
surubegin
nan-tando.PT-1S
qa:n-amdueye-water
úopy-otdrop-IF
surubeginning
nany-addo.PT-3S.NM
“Then I started crying. Tears started dropping.”
7’40 ad-intethat-AB
iki-[n]owhich-ever
dukani-noshop-LO
ja:gucooked.rice
uda:ricredit
lap-ta:n.eat.PT-1S
dudi-nmilk-AC
uda:ricredit
oc-atantake.PT-1S
“I ate all food on credit from there, at the shop. I took milk on credit fromthere.” [?]
7’45 ikt-entiwhich-AB
pe:samoney
ciy-angive-FT.1S[?]
“From where shall I give the money back?”
7’46 pe:sanmoney
ad-inthat-AB[?]
bandclosing
nany-ar.do.PT-3P
bandclosing
nan-kado-CP
barc-acome.PT-3S
“They stopped paying salary, they had stopped paying salary.”
7’49 bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
baric-tancome.PT-1S
e:nI
apnaown
qep-ikvillage-DA
malipaóa-kPROP-DA
“Then I went to my own village Malipara.”
7’52 malipaóa-kPROP-DA
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
kuñjbana-noPROP-LO
miãilmiddle
iskuleschool
kula:-r-aopen-IT.PT-3S
“Then a middle school had [just] opened in Kunjbona.”
7’58 naya:new(H)
naya:new
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“It was brand new.”
8’00 e:nI
ad-intethat-AB
luNgilungee
cu:c-ekenput.on-CP.1S
baric-tancome.PT-1S
luNgilungee
cu:c-akanput.on-CP.1S
baric-tancome.PT-1S
“I put on a lungee and went there.”
8’03 tanthen
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
a:úe-n[o]market-LO
gurac-tewalk.around-CP
gurac-tewalk.around-CP
hedmasúareprincipal
kuñjbana-kiPROP-GE
hedmasúareprincipal
meñjahbe.PT-3S.M
“Then the principal of Kunjbona [School] was walking around in the market.”
13
8’11 ah-inhe-AC
luNgilungee
cuc-ekeniput.on-CP.1S
parna:mhello
sa:rSir
a:n-tansay.PT-1S
“I wore lungee and said ‘Hello, sir’ to him.”
8’15 parna:mhello
sa:rSir
an-nesay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
awã-ah iknosay.PT-3S.M
ão:k-destay-PR.2S.M
ino:rnow
an-kusay-CP
“Then he said, ‘Where do you work now?”’
8’18 malano
e:nI
agdiformerly
sahebgoñje-noPROP-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
adibasiAdivasi
nigame-nocorporation-LO
lekinbut(H)
eNg-enI-AC
ad-intethat-AB
otr-artake.out.PT-3P
‘I was in Sahebganj before, at Adivasi Nigam, but they let me get out of there.’
8’22 otr-netake.out-VN
ke.ba:dafter
inornow
e:nI
eisethis.way(H)
hiEPH
a:úemarket
gurarkudd-otwalk.around-IF
baric-tancome.PT-1S
‘And now I came [here] to walk around the town.’
8’27 a:nkothen
a:
thatmasúareteacher
hoEPH
borio-kiPROP-GE
meñj-ah.be.PT-3S.M
bahutmuch
dayalumerciful
masúareteacher
meñj-ahbe.PT-3S.M
“That teacher was from Borio, a very compassionate teacher.”
8’32 awã-ahsay.PT-3S
e:kone
januari-noJanuary-LO
pahaóiyaPahariya
kalya:nwelfare
saabemaster
bara-nahcome-FT-3S.M
“He said, ‘On January 1, the officer from the Pahariya Welfare comes.’
8’37 bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ne:k-enwho-AC
apnaself
maó-ehlike-PR[FT].3S.M
a:
thatmaq-enboy-AC
ão:k-tra:-nahstay-TR-FT.3S.M
‘Then he hires whomever he likes.’
8’41 ni:nyou
e:kone
ta:ri:ke-nodate(H)-LO
e:kone
januari-noJanuary-LO
bar-kecome-CP-2S
arand
darkhaseapplication(H)
kurk-kewrite-CP.2S
ciy-e:negive-FT.2S.M
‘[Why don’t] you come on January 1, and write and submit an application.’
8’46 uske:.ba:dafter.that
niNg-enyou-AC
pahaóiyaPahariya
iskuleschool
ão:k-tr-ah [?]stay-TR-FT.3S.M
tanthen
úhi:kegood
‘Then if Pahariya School hires you, that will be good.’
14
8’49 any-ahsay.PT-3S.M
uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:nI
baric-tancome.PT-1S
úhi:kwell
ade-nothat-LO
amñ-o:tibathe-IF
usraspare.time
meñj-ano?
kuk-ahead-AC
qa:sr-otcomb-IF
usraspare.time
meñj-abe.PT-3S
‘Then if Pahariya School hires you, that will be good.’
8’49 any-ahwhat-even
uske:.ba:dspare.time
e:nbe-PT.NG.3S
baric-tanúhi:k ade-no amñ-o:ti usra meñj-ano
kuk-a qa:sr-ot usra meñj-a
“Then I came there. There there was no time to bathe nor comb the hair.”
8’56 a:
thatdineday
ba:jóamillet
baúic-tanpound.PT-1S
e:nuI
“I was pounding millet that day.”
8’57 arand
a:lupotato
ja:guboiled.rice
ba:jóamillet
ja:guboiled.rice
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“There were boiled potato and boiled millet.”
9’00 e:kone
muúafist
ba:jóamillet
ja:guboiled.rice
lap-tan.eat.PT-1S
uske:.ba:dafter.that
am-anwater-AC
onãa-tandrink.PT-1S
“I ate a handful of boiled millet and drank water.”
9’14 o:n-nedrink-VN
ke.ba:dafter
phi:ragain
ad-intethat-AB
amñata-balobathe.?-without
gamca:-titowelIN
qetur-atandust.PT-1S
phiragain
kuñjbanakPROP
baric-tancome.PT-1S
“Then without taking bath, having just dusted myself with a towel, I came toKunjbona again.”
9’11 kuñjbanakPROP
bar-necome-VN
ke.ba:dafter
anothere
so:la16
úakarupee
ba:rana12.anna
eNg-eI-DA
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
ãe:li.daily
dine-nihıday-LO.EPH
betanesalary
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Then my salary there was sixteen rupees and 75 paise a day. There wassalary every day.”
15
9’17 men-nebe-VN
ke.badafter
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:ktestay-CP
ão:ktestay-CP
a:nothere
du:
twosalyears
bi:ta-r-a.pass(H)-IT.PT-3S
lekinbut
a:
thatsolla16
úakarupee
ba:rana-n12.anna-AC
jahãeven
qaq-oår-tereceive-PA-CP
qaq-oår-tereceive-PA-CP
bandclosed
nany-ado.PT-3S
“Then two years have passed working there, but even that sixteen rupees and75 paise was first available and then stopped.”
9’25 bandclosed
nan-nedo-VN
ke.badafter
eNg-eI-DA
binawithout
paisemoney
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“After the payment had stopped, I worked for no salary.”
9’30 borio-kiPROP-GE
heãmasúareprincipal
mehna-nomonth-LO
a:ú
eightkilok.g.
a:lupotato
qaúy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“The principal from Borio gave me eight kilogram potatoes per month.”
9’34 aurand
bi:s20
kilok.g.
ti:qal-arice-AC
qaúy-ah.give.PT-3S.M
a:tareni?[usi: ko]
lapa-lapaeat-RED[?]
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
uske:.ba:dafter.that
e:kone
úakarupee
jahãeven
pe:sadmoney-NO
eNg-eI-DA
qaq-oår-lareceive-PA-PT.NG.3S
“And he gave me twenty kilogram rice. I was eating only them. Then noteven a single rupee was available.”
9’39 phiragain
ão:k-testay-CP
ão:k-testay-CP
eNg-eI-DA
unni:s19
so:
100nabbe:90
sa:leyear
aktumbarOctober
mehna:month
eNg-eI-DA
bahliselection
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Carrying on and on working, in October 1990, I was hired by selection.”
9’48 masúare-noteacher-LO
bahliselection
men-nebe-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ad-intethat-AB
cho:
sixsa:lyear
kuñjbana-noPROP-LO
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“After hired as a teacher, I worked at Kunjbona for six years.”
9’52 uske:.ba:dafter.that
ad-intethat-AB
badlitransfer
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
eNg-eI-DA
masiliyaPROP
dumkaPROP
jilaDistrict
“Then I was transferred to Masiliya, Dumka District.”
16
9’56 dumkaPROP
jilaDistrict
ca:rfour
sa:lyear
ão:k-tanstay.PT-1S
“I was in Dumka District for four years.”
9’58 ad-intethat-AB
ca:rfour
sa:lyear
ão:k-nestay-VN
ke.ba:dafter
ino:rnow
pakuóPROP
jilaDistrict
harijanHarijan
iskuleschool
badlitransfer
meñjabe.PT-3S
“Then after working for four years, I was transferred to the Harijan school inPakur District.”
10’05 harijanHarijan
iskole-n[o]school-LO
enI
inornow
ão:k-instay-PR.1S
ão:k-instay-PR.1S
e:nuI
“I now work at the Harijan school.”
10’10 maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
indrwhat
inornow
eN-kiI-GE
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
jaiseas
ka:kla:-r-akanhave.difficulty-IT-CP.1S
paóic-tanstudy.PT-1S
sika-r-tanteach-IT.PT-1S
no:kriemployment
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Just as I [first] had difficulty, then studied, taught and got a job,”
10’16 a:-leknothat-like
eN-kiI-GE
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
kisi.tara.sesomehow
baóhiyãgood
iskole-noschool-LO
paryi-tr-otistudy-TR-IF
so:cy-in.think-PR.1S
maqe-r-inboy-P-AC
inornow
ão:k-tar-instay-TR-PR.1S
“I am thinking of sending my children to a good school to study [and get agood job] in the same way. And now I [actually] send them [to a boardingschool].”
10’23 parebut
a:gefront
indriwhat
men-enidbe-FT.3S.NM
ad-enthat-AC
gosanyigod
hiEPH
a:å-ihknow-PR.1S.M
“But only God knows what will happen in future.”
10’26 basenough
inondethis.much
eN-kiI-GE
eN-kiI-GE
duke-kihardship-GE
katastory
oNgr-iend-PR.3S
“Okay, this much is the story of my hardship.”
17
2. Pahariya Wedding, by Mr. Surja Pahariya, Ursa Pahar, P.O. Ghatyari, RangaBlock, Sahebganj District. Recorded on March 3, 2006 at Adivasi Residential BoysHigh School, Hiranpur.
0’00 em-kiwe-GE
siúu-rmatch.maker-P
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
jo:ó-ond-erpair-one-P
“We call the pair of people our match-makers.”
0’05 a:berethey
muóse-kiman-GE
batte-rsider-P
ik-goúewho-ever
peli.aãa-kwoman.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“Those people belonging to the boy’s side go to the house of whichever girlit may be.”
0’13 anteand
a:únothere
patainformation(H)
laga-tr-erattach(H)-TR-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:mewe.E
palnaso.and.so
maqe-kboy-DA
men-otiask-IF
barc-kemcome.PT-1P.E
“And there, we get information, saying ‘We have come to ask [about yourgirl] for the boy so-and-so.’.”
0’23 annothere
a:únothereon
ba:tdiscussion(H)
jo:óa-r-ijoin(H)-IT-3S
ta:nuthen
a:berthey
surustart(H)
nan-erdo-FT.3P
kiCPL
palnaso.and.so
dineday
e:mwe.I
bar-emcome-FT.1P.E
“If an agreement is reached thereon, they start [preparing], saying ‘We willcome on such and such a day’.”
0’34 anteand
a:
thatdineday
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“And they come on that day.”
0’36 e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ba:tci:tediscussion(H)
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“After going there, there will be a discussion [about the consequences of themarriage].”
0’39 peli-kigirl-GE
toTOP
tambako-berfather-P
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
toTOP
tambako-berfather-P
o:k-ersitFT.3P
a:únothere
“The girl’s parents and the boy’s parents sit there.”
18
0’46 ok-e-kisit-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
men-erask-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:k-engo-FT.1S
a:n-idsay-PR.3S.NM
ta:nuthen
biha-kiwedding-GE
taydecision
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
“Then they ask [the girl] if [she wants to marry the boy]. If she says ‘I willgo [and marry him]’ then the marriage is decided on.”
0’54 ada-nothen[uske ba:d]
qa:wnaq-erconverse-FT.3P
kiCPL
e:nond-goúehow.much-EPH
pe:sa-dmoney-NM
ca:r.so:400
pã:c.so:500
hajar1000
úakarupee
a:rand
e:kone
manmaund
du:
twomanmaund
ti:qal-arice-AC
jo:-goúewhich-EPH
awãnaq-eradiscuss-FT.3P
“At that point, they talk how much money, 400, 500, 1,000 rupees, and onemaund, two mounds of rice. They discuss all those matters.”
1’06 anteand
a:
CR
ikwhich
dineday
ta:rikdate
nan-erdo-FT.3P
a:
thatdine-noday-LO
bihawedding
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“And the wedding will take place on that day on which they fixed the date.”
1’10 a:de-k(i)that-DA
siúu-rmatch.maker-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
ad-inthat-AC
carioti[?]mediating[12’37]
innohere
muóseãa-kman’s.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
pelaãa-kwoman’s.house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
jo:óond-erone.pair-P
a:berthey
siúumatch.maker
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
“Match makers are for that procedure. They go to boy’s house here and girl’shouse [there] to mediate it [i.e. the match]. We call those two people match-makers.”
1’16 a:berethey
men-ne-kiask-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
do:noboth
tarafside
sefrom
ba:tewords
mi:lagreement
meñj-adbe.PT-3S.NM
ta:nuthen
biha-kiwedding-GE
taydecision
men-anidbe-FT.3S.NM
“After they ask, if words from both parties agree, then the decision of thewedding is all set.”
1’25 po:nedowry
jo.bhi:whatever
qawrnoq-arconverse.PT-3P
e:mwe.E
toTOP
pel-er-ikgirl-P-DA
ciy-imgive-PR.1P.E
pe:sa-nmoney-AC
“Whatever dowry they have discussed, we give that money to the girl’s peo-ple.”
19
1’30 muóseman
bed-kehseek-CP.3S
ondr-ihbring-PR.3S.M
“The boy calls her out and [is going to] take her [to his house].”
1’32 adanothere
bihawedding
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
adanothere
e:k-nergo-PR.3P
lal-otidance-IF
bariati-rgroomsmen-P
qe:lu.ãugukettledrum
“Then wedding is held. Then the bridegroom’s party and drum go in order todance.”
1’38 apnaself
i:this
qep-entevillage-AB
pel-aãa-kgirl-house-DA
e:k-ergo-FT.3P
“They go from this village of theirs to the bride’s house.”
1’41 pel-aãa-nogirl-house-LO
lal-er(a)dance-FT.3P
“They dance at bride’s house.”
1’44 a:
thatsiúumatch.maker
lo:ke-r[21’14]people-P
gurar-erwalk.about-FT.3P
kiCPL
ikna:nehow
upa:ydevise
laga-tr-erattach-TR-FT.3P
adaki-noits-LO
“Meanwhile, the match makers run around, wondering how to mediate.”
1’49 anteand
e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
ba:d-no i:úinteafter-LO
kisa oy-erfrom.here
“And after they go, they bring a pig from here [i.e. their place].”
1’52 kispig
oy-e-kibring-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ne:re-kiwho-GE
ikwhich
peli-kigirl-GE
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
bihawedding
men-a:nitake.place-FT.3S.NM
ahe-kihe-GE
na:mi-tiname-IN
a:
thatkisapig-AC
caq-erstab-FT.3P
“After they bring the pig, they stab [and butcher] that pig by the name of thatboy and that girl whose wedding will take place.”
2’01 caq-e-kistab-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
a:beri-kithey-GE
na:miname
palna-dso.and.so-NM
arand
palna-hso.and.so-M
inte-ntetoday-AB
oóå-erbecome.man.and.wife-FT.3P
“After they stab [the pig, saying] their name [, they proclaim] ‘So-and-so andso-and-so become man and wife from today.’ ”
20
2’05 a:
thati:ber-ki-dethese-GE-NM
uj-e-delive-VN-NM
ekdamalways
e:óuwell
men-andedbe-OP.3S.NM
‘May the lives of these be always well.’
2’43 a:ber-kithey-GE
na:me-tiname-IN
pu:jaritual
men-idbe-PR.3S.NM
“The puja is [performed] in their name [by their relatives].”
2’45 caq-nerstab-PR.3P
anteand
palnaso-and-so
inte-ntetoday-AB
i:this
maqeboy-DA
ahi-kihe-GE
tambako-kifather-GE
na:mi-nname-AC
anteand
a:
thatmaqe-kiboy-GE
na:mi-nname-AC
araand
peli-kigirl-GE
tambako-ki-nfather-GE-AC
araand
peli-ki-dgirl-GE-NM
na:mi-nname-AC
awã-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:ja:
ritualnan-erdo-PR.3P
“After stabbing the pig, they say this boy’s father’s name and that boy’s name[together], and [then say] the girl’s father’s and the girl’s name [together], andperform the puja.”
2’58 inte-ntetoday-AB
iberthese
oóåermarried.couple
iber-kithese-GE
e:óuwell
sukhãan-sehappiness-in
ão:k-anderstay-OP.3P
e:óuwell
uj-anderlive-OP.3P
a:n-kersay-CP.3P
ad-init-AC
caq-qerstab-CP.3P
anteand
a:únothere
ad-init-AC
kiïã-erdivide-FT.3P
“Having said ‘May this couple stay well in happiness, may they live well fromtoday on’, they stab it and then divide it.”
3’08 ad-inethat-AC
toka-rrelative-P
ca:gr-naqerdivide-REC
ma:k-ameat-AC
toóa.toóaa.little
goúe-kiall-GE
toka-rrelative-P
a:ber-ikthey-DA
tay-ersend-FT.3P
thoóa.thoóaa.little
goúe-hiall-EPH
ahe-kihe-GE
kandane-rrelative-P
aber-ikthey-DA
“They divide that meat little by little for all relatives. They send it to them,for all his [and her] relatives.”
3’16 a:
CR
inohere
jo:
CR
bic-adbe.boiled-PT.3S.NM
ad-inthat-AC
aãulte-ninner-AC
ceiro-dheart.and.liver-NM
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
ad-inthat-AC
bit-ercook-FT.3P
“We call the inner part of that which is cookedceiro [‘heart and liver’]. Theycook it [for the couple].”
21
3’20 a:
CR
inetoday
bihawedding
men-idtake.place-PR.3S.NM
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
em-kiwe.E-GE
batteside
bihawedding
men-itake.place-PR.3S
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
“When the wedding takes place today, when the wedding takes place on ourside,”
3’28 peli-kigirl-GE
arand
muóse-kiman-GE
e:kone
si:ú-noseat-LO
ok-ersit-FT.3P
indakethis.way
“The bride’s [people, i.e. the bride and the performer of the rite like her uncle,and the match-maker] and the bridegroom’s [people] sit on one [mat] seat thisway.”
3’33 adanothen
a:ber-ikethey-DA
indakethis.way
úeúu-nhand-AC
ok-ersit-FT.3P
“Then they [i.e. the couple] sit with hands [covering their face] to them thisway.”
3’35 adanothen
toóa.toóa-tilittle.by.little-IN
inte-ntetoday-AB
iberthese
oóåermarried.couple
arthey
jama-lap-eratogether-eat-FT.3P
indru-goúe-hiwhat-ever-EPH
do:seguilt
men-la:ni-dbe-FT.NG.3S-NM
“Then, [since they do everything together as a married couple] little by littlefrom today, these [newly] married couple, they eat together, and still therewill be no guilt whatsoever.”
3’42 an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
a:ber-ikthey-DA
ciy-nergive-PR.3P
anteand
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“They say so and [the match-makers] give [the bride] to them [i.e. the bride-groom’s family] and [the wedding] is done.”
3’45 ada-kithat-GE
ba:deafter
i:this
no:ãr-e-kiwash-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
phir.seagain
ok-nersit-PR.3P
“After that, after they have washed their hands, they sit again.”
3’47 adanothen
sundra:-nevermillion-AC
poro:å-tr-pe-dbe.soaked-TR-PAP-NM
ad-inethat-AC
peli-kigirl-GE
indakethis.way
anteand
a:hehe
úu:ã-epaint-3S
a:
thatpeli-dgirl-NM
hõtoo
nahe-khe-DA
indekthis.way
úu:ã-en[id]paint-FT.3S.NM
“Then he puts moistened vermillion [on] the bride’s [forehead] like this. Thatbride will also put [vermillion] on him this way.”
22
4’00 a:dintentefrom.that.day?
a:berthey
oóåermarried.couple
a:úintetherewith
biha.sa:diwedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
anteand
aãa-male-rhouse-people-P
awã-ersay-FT.3P
kiCPL
niNg-ayou-DA
id-inthis-AC
inte-ntetoday-AB
ceóaåniwitch
mel-labe-NG.3S
qalu-nithief-F
mel-labe-NG.3S
gaóiyalazy.person
mellabe-NG.3S
a:
thattaraårucrippled
mellabe-NG.3S
e:óugood
mal-ni-nperson-F-AC
niNg-ayou-DA
sopy-imgive-PR.1P.E
“From then on they are a married couple. The wedding is complete at thatpoint. And the family [of the bride] say, ‘We give you this girl today. She isnot a witch, a thief, a lazy or crippled woman. She is a good woman.’ ”
4’16 an-kesay-CP
anteand
siúu-kmatch.maker-DA
ciy-ergive-FT.3P
aãa-male-rhouse-people-P
taN-dada-hself-uncle-M
“Having said so, the family, her uncle, give [her] to the match-maker.”
4’19 a:hCR.M
ok-ehsit-FT.3S.M
a:hhe
anteand
ah-Ehe-DA
ike-hwho-M
biha.muósebridegroom
men-ehbecome-FT.M
ah-ekhe-DA
indakethis.way
dari-tr-ehhold-TR-FT.3S.M
úeúu-nhand-AC
anteand
a:hhe
darc-ahhold.PT-3S.M
“He [the match-maker] makes him who is sitting, him who becomes the bride-groom, hold [her] hand like this, and he holds [it].”
4’25 dary-e-kihold-VN-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
meñj-adbecome.PT-3S.NM
anteand
adi-kithat-GE
toqriy-adbe.finished.PT-3S.NM
indr-goúewhat-ever
awã-ehsay-FT.3S
ade-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
ad-inshe-AC
aãa-ntehouse-AB
banda-kehpull-CP.3S
otr-ehtake.out-FT.3S
“After he holds [her hand], it is done and things related to that [i.e. the wed-ding] is finished. He says something and after that leads and takes her outfrom [her] house.”
4’34 ade-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
sa:dimarriage
toqriy-adbe.finished.PT-3S.NM
a:úintethereon
bariati-rgroomsmen-P
apnaown
aãa-kehouse-DA
oy-ertake-FT.3P
ad-inshe-AC
“After that the wedding is finished. Then the groomsmen take her to [thebridegroom’s] house.”
4’41 a:
thatdosranext
dine-noday-LO
inatoday
ad-inshe-AC
oc-artake.PT-3P
id-inthis.F-AC
e:r-otisee-IF
ad-inthat-AC
lunti-dreception-NM
a:n-imsay-PR.1P.E
23
“On the next day, in order to see this [girl] whom they took away [the daybefore] — we call this reception —”
4’49 a:úintethereupon
peli-kigirl-GE
aãa-malerhouse-people-P
toqa-rrelative-P
a:berthey
bar-ercome-FT.3P
inohere
lap-otieat-IF
mo:q-otieat-IF
“Then the bride’s family and relatives come, today for eating [and not forformality].”
4’55 a:ber-inthey-AC
jetnahow.much(H)
juúa-r-ibe.collected(H)-IT-3S
taãi-kotoddy-be.it
cahethough(H)
ma:kumeat
ja:gucooked.rice
a:ber-inthey-AC
lap-tr-ereat-TR-FT.3P
“They [i.e. the bridegroom’s family] make them eat as much [food] as theycan collect, maybe toddy, meat, or rice.”
5’01 inatoday
ão:k-erstay-FT.3P
le:latomorrow
a:ber-ikthey-DA
bidaleave(H)
men-a:nibe-FT.3S.NM
“They will stay on that day. On the next day they take leave [of the host].”
5’05 phiragain
a:ber-inthey-AC
goúe-r-nihiall-P-AC.EPH
isaånamanderanoint?
inder kuderte bidaleave
nan-erdo-FT.3P
otr-erbring-FT.3P
bahre:-koutside-DA
“Again .... they say goodbye and [the bridegroom’s family] go out [of thehouse] with them [to see them off].”
5’10 ada-kithat-GE
ba:de-noafter-LO
samby-ershake.hands-FT.3P
anteand
a:berthey
kir-erreturn-FT.3P
a:berthey
aãa-khouse-DA
bar-ercome-FT.3P
“After that they shake hands and they return and go home.”
5’18 biha-nowedding-LO
jo:.biwhatever(H)
juúa-r-i-dbe.collected-IT-3S-NM
da:lipulse
ti:qalurice
a:lupotato
ma:kumeat
jeseas(H)
pa:ryin-ercan-FT.3P
oryetr-oticollect-IF
“(What food do they serve?) — At wedding, whatever is available, dal, rice,potato, meat, depending on what they can get.”
24
5’29 ki:ówa-rpoor-P
ta:nuthen
tothen
jese.teseplain(H)
men-a:nidbe-FT.3S.NM
“If they are poor, then [the food] will be something plain.”
25
3. Story, told by Miss Shanti Malto of Mokri Pahar, at the primary school of thevillage where she teaches.
0’00 eN-kiI-GE
na:miname
sa:ntiPROP
malto:
PROP
eN-kiI-GE
abo-kifather-GE
na:miname
da:udPROP
malto:
PROP
eN-kiI-GE
qepuvillage
mokriPROP
posúepost.office
baóa.gagriPROP
thanapolice.station
li úipaóaPROP
jiladistrict
pa:kuóePROP
“My name is Shanti Malto. My father’s name is Daud Malto. My village isMokri. Post office is Bara Gagri, police station Littipara, district Pakur.”
0’25 a:ú-kithere-GE
ão:k-u-nstay-PP-1S
e:nuI
“I am a local resident of the area.”
0’28 to:
ITJ
enI
e:ïã-ondpiece-one
qe:ri-nstory-AC
teNå-otitell-IF
ugley-inwant-PR.1S
“I want to tell a story.”
0’52 emwe.E
tinthree
jinepeople
unãqal-embrother-1P.E
“We are siblings of three.”
0’55 toITJ
tinthree
jine-mihıpeople-EPH
tinthree
jine-nopeople-LO
goúe-mihıall-EPH
paóck-emread.PT-1P.E
“All of the three got education.”
1’00 teand?
baya-kielder.brother-GE
bihawedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
nuni-kiyounger.sister-GE
hõtoo
bihawedding
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“The elder brother got married and the younger sister got married, too.”
1’04 e:
ITJ
sirponly
anakunow
eN-kiI-GE
ba:kiunmarried
toITJ
eN-kiI-GE
aãa-nohouse-LO
eN-kiI-GE
beãaya:rgrandmother
dada-beruncle-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
“[Wedding has not taken place] only for me now, I am single. In my house,my grandmother and my uncles live.”
1’09 toITJ
aya.babermother.father
(eNg-e)I-DA
goúe-riall-P
ão:k-nerstay-PR.3P
“Both my parents are in life.”
26
1’13 e:nI
enã-onCLS-one
qe:ri-nstory-AC
teNå-otitell-IF
ugley-inwant-1S
em-kiwe.E-GE
bice-noamong-LO
“I want to tell a story [told] among us.”
1’19 kiCPL
enã-onCLS-one
qep-novillage-LO
ortone
na:kuPROP
na:mi-kiname-GE
ortone
male-hman-M
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“There lived a man named Naku in a village.”
1’26 ahe-kihe-GE
enó-isCLS-two
o:yuox
ãoky-astay.PT-3S
“He had two oxen.”
1’29 anteand
enó-isCLS-two
oydu-noox-LO
enã-onCLS-one
oyduox
essavery
gaóiyalazy
meñj-abe.PT-3S
enã-ondCLS-one
oyduox
essavery
ca:óediligent
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“Of the two oxen, one ox was very lazy, the other was very diligent.”
1’46 anteand
i:this
na:kuPROP
dinenıeveryday
ad-inthat-AC
bahai-pahrajoining-time
gaóiyalazy
oy-aox-AC
essavery
baj-abeat-?
siNgy-ahuse.to.PT-3S.M
“And everyday, he was beating the lazy ox when he yoked the two together.”
1’52 anteand
din-onday-one?
esse:very
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
essaso
bajy-ahbeat.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
a:
thatoyduox
kec-adie.PT-3S
“And one day he beated it so hard that the ox died.”
1’58 key-e-kidie-VN-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:nI
agarif
i:this
oy-acow-AC
anakunow
mand-inbury-1S
tanthen
eNg-leckime-for
indr-goúe-hıwhat-ever-EPH
ja:gurice
lapotieat-IF
indr-goúewhat-ever
jimr-la:nibe.obtained-FT.NG.3S
“What did he do after it died? ‘If I bury this ox now, then no food whatsoeverwill be available for me.’ ”
2’10 a:-le:ckithat-for
e:nI
i:this
oy-aox-AC
indrawhat
kud-endo-FT.1S
‘Then, what shall I do about this ox?’
27
2’13 i:this
oy-kiox-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
e:nuI
otr-kenbring-CP.1S
anteand
bajare-kmarket-DA
oca-kentake-CP.1S
bi:s-ensell-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
“He thought, ‘I will bring this ox’s hide, take it to the market, and sell it.’ ”
2’19 anteand
jabwhen
ã:hhe
adi-kithat-GE
oy-kiox-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
otr-kehbring-CP.3S.M
anteand
bajare-kmarket-DA
oca-pahr-notake-time-LO
pu:rawhole
bajare-nomarket-LO
aduthat
bika-r-labe.sold-IT-PT.NG.3S
“And when he brought that ox’s hide and took it to the market, it did not sellin the whole market.”
2’27 anteand
ã:hhe
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
e:nI
pu:rawhole
bajare-nmarket-AC
gurar-kenwalk.about-CP.1S
lekinbut
eN-kiI-GE
cambehide
indruwhat
indr-goúewhat-ever
bika-r-labe.sold-IT-PT.NG.3S
“And he thought, ‘I walked about in the whole market but my hide did notsell at all.’ ”
2’34 a:-leckithat-for
e:noI
anakunow
e:k.e:keach
aãa-khouse-DA
ek-kengo-CP.1S
anteand
eN-kiI-GE
cambe-nhide-AC
bi:s-ensell-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
ãhuhe
so:c-kehthink-CP.3S.M
anteand
e:k.e:keach
aãa-nhouse-AC
pu:raall
gurar-lewalk.around-CP
úokúoktry-ahknock.PT-3S.M
“Therefore, he thought ‘Now I will visit each house and sell my hide’ andwent around each and every houses and knocked.”
2’43 ta:nuthen
goúeeveryone
ahe-kihe-GE
cambenhide
ne:-goúewho-ever
oy-latake-PT.NG.3S
“Then nobody took his hide.”
2’46 adi-kithat-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
phi:ragain
socc-ahthink.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:nI
anakunow
indrawhat
kud-endo-FT.1S
“After that he thought again, ‘What shall I do now?’ ”
2’51 aãa-aãa-taóehouse-house-DISTRB
ek-ke-ngo-CP-1S
anteand
aenI
a:ber-nithey-DA.EPH
úo:kúo:ktr-kenknock-CP.1S
ado-keponmore-once
awã-ensay-FT.1S
an-kesay-CP
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
28
“Having said ‘I will go to each house, knock one more time and ask’, hewent.”
2’58 anteand
enã-onCLS-one
aãa-nohouse-LO
ortone
essa-hivery-EPH
essavery
pacoold.woman
ãoky-astay.PT-3S
“And there lived a very old woman in one house.”
3’03 adi-kishe-GE
indr-goúewhat-ever
lap-otieat-IF
moq-otieat-IF
mel-labe-PT.NG.3S
issathis.much
ki:ówapoor
pacoold.woman
meñj-abe.PT-3S
“She was such a poor old woman that she did not have anything to eat.”
3’08 tanu-goúethen-even
adushe
ah-enhe-AC
bali-ndoor-AC
kol-kiopen-CP
úunã-ilook-PR.3S
anteand
sa:mne-nonear-LO
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
qo:qeback
ij-astand.PT-3S
anteand
a:dshe
essavery
ceåñjy-afeel.compassionPT-3S
“Nevertheless, she opened the door, sees him. She carried that hide on herback and felt great compassion.”
3’15 anteand
a:dshe
awãy-adsay.PT-3S.NM
úunã-alook-IP
e:nuI
yahã:here(H)
ki:ówa-npoor-1S
“And she said, ‘Look, I am poor here.’ ”
3’19 parebut
niNg-eyou-DA
indrawhat
ciy-enengive-FT.1S
eNg-bahnoI-LO
indr-goúewhat-ever
mal-abe.not-PR.3S
‘But what shall I give you? I have nothing.’
3’24 lekinbut
eN-kiI-GE
be:ãogreat
beãiyo-rgrandfather-P
a:
thatenã-onCLS-one
bartane-npot-AC
ok-tr-kersit-TR-CP.3P
ekiy-argo.PT-3P
‘But my ancestors placed that one pot and went.’
3’29 a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
e:nI
niNg-eyou-DA
ciy-engive-FT.1S
ni:nyou
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
qaú-agive-IP
‘I will give you that pot. You give me that hide.’
29
3’32 anteand
ni:nuyou
a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
oca-ketake-CP
indra-goúewhat-ever
ka:je-nwork-AC
kud-okado-IP
an-kisay-CP?
a:
thatboãoold.woman
tey-asend.PT-3S
‘And you take that pot, go and do whatever work [you can do with it].’ Havingsaid so, she sent him off.
3’39 tey-e-kisend-VN-GE
qoquafter
a:
thatbartane-npot-AC
pe:r-kehcatch-CP.3S.M
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“Then he took that pot up and went.”
3’44 ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
anteand
pa:w-noway-LO
enã-onCLS-one
kuwa-nwell-AC
aïãa-kehfind-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:úi-bahnothere-LO
qeãe-indrfoot-what
no:ó-kehwash-CP.3S.M
anteand
en?
juãashade
behc-abe.PT-3S
a:ú-nothere-LO
qa:ne:å-otitake.rest-IF
leckifor
okiy-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“Then he found a well on the way and washed feet and so on there. Therewas a shade, and he sat there to take rest.”
3’53 okiy-ahsit.PT-3S.M
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
a:hthat
taN-kiself-GE
bartane-npot-AC
úuïãiy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
anteand
kithat-LO
ad-nodust
duóiattach-IT-PP?
qap-r-pebe.PT-3S
meñj-a
“When he sat, he saw his own pot, and dust was attached on that.”
4’09 anteand
ad-inthat-AC
sapacleaning
nan-otdo-IF
uglec-ahwant.PT-3S.M
“And he felt like cleaning it.”
4’04 sapacleaning
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
e:nI
eN-kiI-GE
qeã-afoot-AC
dureonly
noó-kenwash-CP.1S
eN-kiI-GE
bartane-npot-AC
e:nI
sapacleaning
nan-o:kendo-PT.NG.1S
an-kesay-CP
anteand
ahhe
oca-ketake-CP
anteand
ad-inthat-AC
no:óiy-ahwash.PT-3S.M
“He cleaned it. Saying ‘I washed only my feet and I did not wash my pot’, hetook and washed it.”
4’10 a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
pu:raall
gandadust
ad-intethat-AB
qaju-dmud-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
“At that time, mud came out from the whole chunk of dust.”
30
4’14 anteand
a:
thatqaju-dmud-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
adi-kithat-GE
qo:quafter
enã-onCLS-one
sona-kigold-GE
kalsa-dpitcher-NM
urqiy-adcome.out.PT-3S.NM
ad-antethat-AB
“And then a golden pitcher came out of it.”
4’20 anteand
ahhe
essa:very
apokariy-ahbe.happy-3S.M
“And he was very happy.”
4’22 enI
to:
TOP
cambe-nhide-AC
oca-kentake-CP.1S
cica-kengive.PT-1S
a:
thateN-kiI-GE
‘I took and gave that cowhide of mine.’
4’25 a:
thatbuão-dold.woman-NM
eNg-eI-DA
sona-kigold-GE
enã-onCLS-one
kalsa-npitcher-AC
qaúiy-adgive.PT-3S.NM
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
ekiy-ahgo.PT-TSG.M
‘That old woman gave me a golden pitcher.’ Having said so, he went.
4’29 ekiy-ahgo.PT-3S.M
anteand
a:huhe
taN-kiself-GE
qep-novillage-LO
ortuone
sonaregoldsmith
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“He went. And there was a goldsmith in his village.”
4’36 sonare-kgoldsmith-DA
ahe-nhe-AC
a:
thatbartane-npitcher-AC
cic-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He gave that pitcher to the goldsmith.”
4’39 anteand
a:huhe
gaói:much
pe:sa-nomoney-LO
ad-inthat-AC
badleca-kehchange-CP.3S.M
anteand
ondry-ahbring.PT-3S.M
“And he changed it for a lot of money and took [that money] away.”
4’45 anteand
qepo-male-rvillage-person-P
pu:raall
ah-enhe-AC
andu:la:ry-arbe.surprised.PT-3P
“And the village people were all surprised about him.”
31
4’48 i:this
cambe-d-atohide-NM-be.it
indrwhat
inonthis.much
úaka-n-atomoney-AC-be.it[yah ... jo hai]
sona-n-atogold-AC-be.it
bikar-lanidbe.sold-FT.NG.3S.NM
‘Things like this cowhide will not sell for this much money or gold.’[?]
4’52 ihe-khe-DA
iknehow
bikary-adbe.sold.PT-3S.NM
an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:raall
na:ku-bahnoPROP-LO
meñj.he:ry-arask.PT-3P
‘How could he sell it?’ Saying so, all asked Naku.
4’56 anteand
na:kuPROP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
úunã-alook-IP
“And Naku said, ‘Look,’ ”
4’58 ortone
paco-dold.woman-NM
eNg-eI-DA
bikar-ladbe.sold-PT.NG.3S.NM
an-isay-CP
ortone
paco-bahnoold.woman-LO
ek-kengo-CP.1S
anteand
e:nI
id-inthis.NM-AC
cambe-nhide-AC
sona-kigold-GE
indru-nowhat-LO
badle:ca-kenchange.PT-1S
‘I could not sell it. So I went to one old lady’s place and I changed this hidefor something [?] containing gold.’
5’06 an-kosay-CP
qepo-male-rvillage-people-P
pu:ra:
allnaku-nPROP-AC
na:ku-kiPROP-GE
saba-nword-AC
patyar-kerbelieve.in-CP.3P
anteand
aberthey
pu:raall
tam-kithemselves-GE
tam-kithemselves-GE
oy-acow-AC
goúeriall
tam-kithemselves-GE
oy-acow-AC
piúiy-arkill. PT-3P
“Then the village people all believed Naku’s word and they all killed theircows.”
5’16 piú-kerkill- CP.3P
anteand
goúe-rall-P
cambe-nhide-AC
indruwhat
cambe-nhide-AC
otr-kerbring-CP.3P
anteand
a:
thatcambe-nhide-AC
bi:s-o:tisell-IF
leckifor
bajare-kmarket-DA
occ-artake.PT-3P
“Having killed their cows, they all took cowhide and brought it to the marketin order to sell it.”
5’25 anteand
ne:-dwho-NM
hõ:
evenqe:å-olarbuy-PT.NG.3P
“And nobody bought it.”
32
5’27 ne:-dwho-NM
hõ:
evenqe:å-olarbuy-PT.NG.3P
anteand
i:this
na:kuPROP
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
umITJ
male-rperson-P
indrawhat
kudy-ardo.PT-3P
“Nobody bought it and what did this Naku do? I mean, what did the peopledo?”
5’33 pu:raall
na:ku-mecaPROP-on
ro:kary-arbe.angry.PT-3P
“They all got angry at Naku.”
5’35 anteand
barc-kercome-CP.3P
anteand
na:ku-kiPROP-GE
goú
allsama:ne-npossession-AC
anteand
e:nonhow.much
a:
thatsonaregoldsmith
bah-anteplace-AB
badle:c-ahchange.PT-3S
pe:samoney
goúe-nihıall-EPH
aãa-n-indruhouse-AC-what
goúe-nihıall-EPH
me:nd-arset.on.fire.PT-3P
“Then they came and they set all the belongings of Naku, and all the moneythat he changed at the goldsmith’s place, his house, and everything on fire.”
5’45 anteand
na:kuPROP
durealone
ba:cary-ahbe.saved.PT-3S
“And only Naku was saved.”
5’47 anteand
indrawhat
kudy-ãhudo.PT-3S.M
essavery
dukwary-ahbe.distressed.PT-3S.M
“What did he do? He was distressed very much.”
5’50 dukwar-e-kibe.distressed-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
a:huhe
taN-kiself-GE
a:rand
taN-kiself-GE
aãa-kihouse-GE
joRL
qos-peburn-PP?
oóme-indruash-what
goúe-niall-EPH
pe:r-kecatch-CP
enã-onCLS-one
bail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
pe:r-kehcatch-CP.3S.M
anteand
“After he was distressed, he took all the ash of his house and what [else] wasburnt, carried it on an ox-cart,”
6’05 dosraother
qep-novillage-LO
ão:k-enstay-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“and thinking ‘I will live in another village’, he went.”
33
6’05 dosraother
qep-novillage-LO
ão:k-enstay-FT.1S
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“and thinking ‘I will live in another village’, he went.”
6’07 e:k-e-kigo-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
a:huhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
e:k-pahrago.RT-time
pa:w-noroad-LO
ortone
ra:jkumare-nprince-AC
beúary-ahmeet.PT-3S.M
“What did he do after he went? When he was going, he met a prince on theroad.”
6’16 ra:jkumare-hprince-M
a:
thatpa:wroad
essavery
qond-kebe.tired-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
“The prince came on that road very tired.”
6’19 ãaãe-nojungle-LO
puja-indrubird-what
piú-kehkill- CP.3S.M
anteand
essavery
qond-kebe.tired-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
anteand
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“He hunted birds and so on in the jungle and he came very tired. And hesaid.”
6’25 o:
ITJ
maleman
ni:nyou
eNg-enI-AC
jokkaa.little
hiEPH
eN-kiI-GE
ra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
oy-otitake-IF
amaúuntil
eNg-eI-DA
sagacompany
behi-lebe-SJ.2S.M
‘I say, fellow, you be my companion while you take me to my palace.’
6’31 niN-kiyou-GE
oy-gaói-noox-cart-LO
eNg-enI-AC
ok-tr-kesit-TR-CP[.2S.M]
oy-letake-SJ.2S.M
‘You let me sit on your ox-cart and take me.’
6’36 anothere
essavery
e:óugood
mel-lebe-SJ.2S.M
an-lesay-CP
a:huhe
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
‘You will be well there [in appreciation].’ Thus he said.
6’39 anteand
indrawhat
kudyahdo.PT-3S.M
i:this
na:kuPROP
ahe-kihe-GE
saba-nword-AC
meñja-kehear-CP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“And what did this Naku do? Having heard the prince’s word, he said.”
34
6’47 ni:nyou
okk-a:nesit-FT.2S.M?
okk-ot-atosit-IF-be.it
lekinbut
e:kone
sa:rte-nocaravan[?]-LO
ninyou
okk-a:nesit-FT.2S.M
eN-ki-noI-GE-LO
kiCPL?
eN-kiI-GE
bail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
ok-kesit-CP
ni:nuyou
inq-oticough-IF
ca:hi-olawant-PR.NG.3S
‘You take seat if [you want] to sit. But you will sit on my ox-cart ........ Youmust not cough.’
6’57 agarif
inq-ne:cough-PR.2S.M
ta:nuthen
eN-kiI
enã-onCLS-one
so:na:-kigold-GE
indruwhat
uúa-kehide-CP
ondri-narcarry-PR.3P
goúe-d-ihiall-NM-EPH
oómeash
le:r-a:nidbecome-FT.3S.NM
‘If you cough, they are carrying a golden thing of mine hiding.’
7’05 an-lesay-CP
ah-enhe-AC
pasye:-tr-ketell.lie-TR-CP
awãiy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
“He said so to him lying.”
7’07 adi-kithat-GE
qo:qoafter
indrawhat
kudiy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
pu:ra:
alle:nI
andakithat.way
kud-enamalado-FT.NG.1S
andakithat.way
inq-enamalacough-FT.NG.1S
a:-leckithat-for
ni:nyou
eNg-enI-AC
ok-tr-asit-TR-IP
an-kosay-CP
“What did he do after that? [The prince] said ‘I will never do so. I will notcough. So you let me sit.’ ”
7’17 i:this
na:kuPROP
ah-enhe-AC
ok-tr-kehsit-TR-CP
anteand
a:da:
halfdu:rfar
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“This Naku let him sit and took up to halfway [on the road].”
7’21 a:da:
halfdu:re-nofar-LO
essa-hivery-EPH
inq-e-kicough-VN-GE
uglimind
barc-adcome.PT-3S.NM
ah-ekhe-DA
“Halfway [on the road], he felt like coughing very much.”
7’24 anteand
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
aca:nakunexpectedly
inq-ecough-VN
tey-ahsend.PT-3S.M[?]
“And what did he do? He burst out coughing unexpectedly.”
7’27 anteand
pu:raall
a:huhe
na:kuPROP
a:ú-nothere-LO
olå-oticry-IF
suru:beginning
nany-ahdo.PT-3S.M
“And that Naku started crying on the spot,”
35
7’31 kiCPL
ni:nuyou
eN-kiI-GE
goú
allsonagold
oómeash
du:reonly
nan-kedo-CP
“saying ‘You made all my gold just ash.’ ”
7’36 a:-leckithat-for
e:nuI
anakunow
niNg-enyou-AC
dary-encatch-FT.1S
nan-kehsay-CP.3S.M
‘Therefore I will now catch you.’ Having said so,
7’39 anteand
ah-enhe-AC
pu:ra:
allra:jkumare-nprince-AC
pu:raall
qaóy-otireproach-IF
lagary-ahstart.PT-3S.M
“He started to blame the prince.”
7’43 anteand
i:this
ra:jkumareprince
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
anothere
ra:jmahale-kepalace-DA
aós-kehreach-CP.3S.M
anteand
ã:
thatoóme-nash-AC
pu:raall
e:k-tr-kehgo-TR-CP.3S.M
anteand
sona-kigold-GE
sikka-ncoin-AC
goúe-nihıall-LO.EPH
a:
thatbail-gaói-noox-cart-LO
bara-tr-kefill- TR-CP
cic-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“And what did this prince do? When he arrived at the palace, he [had] the ashtotally cleaned up and filled the ox-cart with gold coin all over.”
7’56 anteand
phi:ragain
a:
thatqep-ikvillage-DA
kir-kereturn-CP
barc-ahcome.PT-3S.M
“And he [i.e. Naku] went back to that village again.”
7’59 anteand
male-rperson-P
meñj-arask.PT-3P
kiCPL
ni:nyou
atoTOP
oóme:
ashseEPH
pe:r-kecatch-CP
ek-kego.PT-2S.M
ni:nyou
toTOP
sona-ngold-AC
toTOP
pe:r-kecatch-CP
e:k-olkego-PT.NG.2S.M
“And people asked, ‘You went taking the ash, but you didn’t go taking gold.’ ”
8’04 ni:nyou
oóme-nash-AC
pe:r-kecatch-CP
ek-kego.PT-2S.M
niN-kiyou-GE
iknihow
so:na-kigold-GE
indruwhat
qaq-oåriy-adgive-PA.PT-3S.NM
an-kosay-CP
‘You went with ash, and how come gold was given to you?’
36
8’08 a:hhe
pu:raall
teNå-ahtell.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
malano
ra:jkumarprince
eNg-eI-DA
oóme-kiash-GE
badl-ahchange.PT-3S.M
sona-ngold-AC
qaúiy-ahgive.PT-3S.M
“He told them the whole story. ‘No, the prince changed ash [for it] for me.He gave [me] gold.”
8’12 antehe
pu:raall
male-rtell.PT-3S.M
phirCPL
dusrano
dineprince
tam-kiI-DA
tam-kiash-GE
“He told them the whole story. ‘No, the prince changed ash [for it] for me.He gave [me] gold.”
8’12 anteand
pu:raall
male-rman-P
phiragain
dusraother
dineday
tam-kithemselves-GE
tam-kithemselves-GE
“Then all people began burning their own houses on another day.”
8’17 me:nda-kerset.on.fire-CP.P
anteand
pu:raall
tam-kithemselves-GE
indruwhat
oóme-nash-AC
a:
thatra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
occ-artake.PT-3P
“After they burned their house, they all took ash to the palace.”
8’28 anteand
ra:jmahale-kpalace-DA
oy-e-kitake-VN-GE
qo:qoafter
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
i:this
ra:jmahale-nopalace-LO
a:
thatoóme:
ashbikar-labe.sold-PT.NG.3S
“What did they do after they went to the palace? That ash did not sell in thispalace.”
8’36 anteand
pu:raall
iberthese
ro:kary-arget.angry.PT-3P
“And they all got angry.”
8’39 kiCPL
i:hthis.M
oóme-nash-AC
ikna:nohow
ahe-kihe-GE
ikna:nohow
oóme-kiash-GE
badl-ahchange.PT-3S.M
so:na:
goldqaq-oåry-agive-PA.PT-3S
nam-ewe.I-DA
iknehow
qaq-oår-olargive-PA-PT.NG.3P[?]
‘How did this [Naku] change his ash? [How] was gold given [to him]? Howcome gold was not given to us?’
37
8’44 an-kersay-CP.3P
anteand
pu:ra:
allna:ku-nPROP-AC
occa-kertake-CP.3P
anteand
e:ïã-onCLS-one
úokri-nobasket-LO
pu:raall
ah-enhe-AC
coñjiy-artie.PT-3P
am-nowater-LO
e:g-emthrow.away-FT.1P.E
an-lesay-CP
“Having said so, they caught Naku together and tied him in a basket together,saying they will throw him in water.”
8’51 anteand
ah-enhe-AC
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
anteand
qow-kercarry.on.shoulder-CP.3P
occ-artake.PT-3P
“They tied him and took him carrying [the basket] on their shoulders.”
8’55 anteand
pa:w-noroad-LO
aberthey
qond-kerbe.tired-CP.3P
anteand
a:
thatúokri-nbasket-AC
ok-triy-arsit-TR.PT-3P
“And they were tired on the way and put that basket down.”
8’58 ok-tr-e-kisit-TR-VN-GE
qo:quafter
aberthey
jokasmall
nadi-kriver-DA
eky-argo.PT-3P
anteand
muñj-r-kewash.face-RF-CP
no:ã-r-kewash.hands.and.feet-RF-CP
bar-oticome-IF
uglec-arwant.PT-3P
“After they put it down, they went into a small river, washed their face, handsand feet, and felt like going back.”
9’05 anteand
goúe-r-ihiall-P-EPH
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
“And they all went.”
9’06 ad-nothat-LO
ortone
gowale-hherdsman-M
aúi-bahnothere-LO
ão:ky-ahstay.PT-3S.M
“There lived a herdsman there.”
9’09 anteand
a:
thatgowaleherdsman
úunãiy-ahsee.PT-3S.M
úokri-nbasket-AC
“And that herdsman saw the basket.”
9’12 kiCPL
iberthese
indrawhat
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:
thatúokri-nbasket-AC
úunã-otisee-IF
eky-ahgo.PT-3S.M
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
‘What are they carrying?’ Wondering so, he went to see that basket then.
38
9’17 úokri-nobasket-LO
ortone
male-hman-M
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
“There was a man sitting in the basket.”
9’19 anteand
a:
thatmale-nman-AC
alk-tr-keopen-TR-CP
meñj.he:ry-ahask.PT-3S.M
kiCPL
niNg-enyou-AC
indru-le:ckiwhat-for
indakithis.way
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-kosay-CP
“And he opened [it] and asked that man [sitting inside], ‘Why do they tie youthis way and carry?’ ”
9’25 a:
thatmale-hman-M
indrawhat
awãy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
úunã-alook-IP
eNg-enI-AC
biha:
weddingnan-otido-IF
awã-nersay-PR.3P
“What did that man [i.e. Naku] say? ‘Look, they tell me to get married.’ ”
9’29 anithen
e:nI
a:
thatpeligirl
maóm-alkenlove-PR.NG.1S
a:-le:ckithat-for
e:nI
e:k-otgo-IF
ugley-o:kenwant-PR.NG.1S
‘But I don’t like that girl. That’s why I don’t want to go.’
9’33 anithus
iberthese
indrawhat
kud-nerdo-PR.3P
eNg-enI-AC
indakithis.way
coñj-kertie-CP.3P
anteand
oy-nertake-PR.3P
an-lesay-CP
‘So what they are doing is they tied me this way and are taking me.’
9’38 i:huthis.M
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
ah-enhe-AC
pusle:-try-ahlie-TR.PT-3S.M
“What did this man do? He told a lie to him.”
9’40 anteand
ı:hhe
awãy-ahsay.PT-3S.M
e:noI
majaqanipretty
peligirl
ni:nyou
indrikwhy
maómen-o:kelike-PR.NG.2S.M
“Then he said, ‘Why don’t you like a pretty girl?’ ”
9’44 e:nI
a:.dinethen
accha:
okayni:nyou
urq-acome.out-IP
‘Well, then, you come out.’
9’46 e:nI
ok-kensit-CP.1S
anteand
ni:nyou
qo:qwjo:
afterwardsumITJ
e:nI
peli-ngirl-AC
bedu:r-enmarry-FT.1S
‘I will sit and you, I mean, I, will marry the girl later.’
39
9’53 ni:nyou
eN-kiI-GE
oy-acow-AC
oy-anetake-FT.2S.M
an-kehsay-CP.3S.M
anteand
pu:raall
a:hhe
pusle:-tr-kolie-TR-CP
‘You take my cattle.’ He [i.e. herdsman] said so. He [i.e. Naku] made himbelieve the lie.
9’57 ithis
gowaleherdsman
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
úokri-nbasket-AC
pu:raall
kol-keopen-CP
tanthen
korc-keenter-CP
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
na:kuPROP
urqy-ahcome.out.PT-3S.M
“What did this herdsman do? He opened up the basket totally, then went in itand sat. Naku came out.”
10’04 urq-e-kicome.out-VN-GE
qo:quafter
na:kuPROP
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
a:hhe
ah-enhe-AC
e:óuwell
seEPH
enã-onCLS-one
úo:kri-nobasket-LO
bicr-kehput.in-CP.3S.M
anteand
a:
thatgowale-nherdsman-AC
coñjiy-ahtie.PT-3S.M
“What did Naku do after he came out? He put the herdsman in a basket andtied him tight.”
10’13 coñj-e-kitie-VN-GE
qo:quafter
a:hhe
indrawhat
kudy-ahdo.PT-3S.M
gowale-kiherdsman-GE
o:y-acow-AC
eóe-ngoat-AC
goúe-nihıall-EPH
indrwhat
taN-kiself-GE
ta:nuself
oc-ahtake.PT-3S.M
“What did he do after tying? He took all the cattle and goats of the herdsmanas his own.”
10’22 a:that
gowale-nherdsman-AC
iberthese
na:kuPROP
oky-ahsit.PT-3S.M
an-kersay-CP.3P
male-rman-P
gowale-nherdsman-AC
goúe-nihıall-EPH
pe:r-kercatch-CP.3P
anteand
enã-onCLS-one
nadi-baha-kriver-place-DA
aósy-ararrive.PT-3P
“Saying of that herdsman ‘Naku is sitting’, these men took the herdsmantogether and arrived at a river.”
10’32 anteand
awãy-arsay.PT-3P
kiCPL
na:muwe.I
i:this
na:ku-nPROP-AC
id-nothis-LO
e:g-etthrow.away-FT.1P.I
anteand
i:hthis.M
atoTOP
key-ehdie-FT.3S.M
anakunow
any-arsay.PT-3P
“And they said, ‘We will throw away this Naku here, and he will die rightaway.’ ”
40
10’38 anteand
jabwhen
a:berthey
e:g-otithrow.away-IF
úokri-nbasket-AC
peú-arthrow.PT-3P
a:
thatpahr-notime-LO
a:hhe
cirqy-ahshout.PT-3S.M
indrawhat
“And when they threw the basket to dump it, he shouted.”
10’45 kiCPL
e:nI
e:g-omathrow.away-IP.NG
eNg-enI-AC
bihawedding
nan-nerdo-PR.2P
an-kosay-CP
seEPH
e:nI
id-nothis-LO
ok-kensit-CP.1S
barc-kencome.PT-1S
‘Don’t dump me. I sat in here and came because he said you are marrying meoff.’
10’50 e:nI
na:kuPROP
mal-kenbe.not-PR.1S
e:nI
atoTOP
gowale-nherdsman-1S
an-kosay-CP
‘I am not Naku. I am a herdsman.’
10’53 annothen
goúeall
ni:nyou
ju:ú
lieqa:w-netell-PR.2S.M
an-kersay-CP.3P
a:
thatmale-nman
e:gy-athrow.away.PT-3S
“Then all said ‘You are telling a lie’, and threw that man away.”
10’56 anteand
qo:qwjo:
laterbarc-kecome-CP
úunã-nerlook-PR.3P
ta:nthen
na:kuPROP
taN-kiself-GE
e:óe-ngoat-AC
oy-acow-AC
goúe-nihiall-EPH
taN-kiself-GE
aãa-khouse-DA
aós-tr-kereach-TR-CP
ij-ahstand.PT-3S.M
“And when they came back, they saw that Naku had taken home all the goatsand cattle and was standing there.”
Abbreviations:AB: ablative;AC: accusative;CPL: complementizer;CLS: classifier;CR: correlative;CP: conjunctive participle;DA: dative;DISTRB: distributive;EPH:emphatic;E: exclusive;F: feminine;FT: future;GE: genitive;HP: habitual present;I: inclusive; IF: infinitive; IN: instrumental;IT: intransitive; IP: imperative; ITJ:interjection;LO: locative; M: masculine;NG: negative;NM: non-masculine;NO:nominative;OP: optative;PA: passive;PAP: passive participle;PT: past;P: plural;PR: present;PROP: proper noun;PP: present participle;REC: reciprocal;RF: re-flexive; RL: relative;RT: root; RED: reduplicant;SG: singular;SJ: subjunctive;TR:transitive;TOP: topicalizer;VN: verbal noun
41
Malto phonemes:
short vowels a i u e olong vowels a: i: u: e: o:
voiceless stop p t ú c k qvoiced stop b d ã j gnasal m n (ï) (ñ) (N)flap r ó
lateral lfricative s (T, D) (S) å
glide w y
42