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ІBVOBODA— UKRAINIAN WEEKLY. SECTION, SATURDAY, JURE 20, І95І

h e E ducation of H rytzko• *

• i

eese ..knew nothingEven that very morn

idea, of aendlng

lees did ^Hrytzko him-

switch, and skipping

ing •.•unintelligible

and five—-was aware

"by the hand

and, finally, * when

1-loud cry of

outstretched ran upi; si if to see

#

"I'm not

f' the village.' nor Hrytzko'.Finally they

roof, with atop. Streaming

the* garden could

" " fbthen, that is a

1 I am going

uh," в а і Й Hrytzko,

means

' it is really

By IVAN FRANKOTranslated by S. Shuraeyko

hardly knowing what his father was talking about

"Go along with these boys.Here, boys, take ,him w ithyou!"

"Come," said the boys andtook Hrytzko with them, whilehis father went to the gardento see the teacher.

П

They entered the corridor,which was completely darkand emelled horribly of rottencabbage.

* "See, over there?" askedone of the boys, pointing outto Hrytz a dark and dankcorner.

"I thee," quavered Hrytz inreply, although he didn't seea thing.

"There's a deep hole there,"the boy explained, ominously.

."Hole!" repeated Hrytz."If you don't behave, the

teacher will put you in it, andkeep you there all night."

"I no-wanna!" cried Hrytz,alarmed.

Meanwhile another boywhispered something to thefirst one, both smothered alaugh, and then the first, pointing towards the door, said toHrytz:

"Knock at that door loudly!Quick!"

"Wha" for?" asked Hrytz."Because such is the rule.

Anyone who comes here forthe first time must do so."

Through the closed doorcould be heard the loud humming of many voces, likethat of a beehive,—but whenHrytzko suddenly started tohammer away upon the doorwith his fist, a sudden quietenesued. The boys slowlyopened the door, and suddenlyHrytzko felt himself pushed in.Instantly he received stingingwhacks over his sholders. H elet out a startled yell.

"Hush, fool!" shouted abunch of laughing boys at him.They had heard his thumpingon the door and had proceededto welcome him royally.

"Wow - wow -. wow -wo w!Hrytzko continued to howl atthe top of his lungs. The boys'grew frightened because theteacher might hear this, andstarted to quiet him.

"Hush, you fool, that's notnice! Any one who thumps atthe door must be thumped overhis back. Such is the custom.Didn't you know that?"

"No-o!" sobbed Hrytzko."And why didn't you?""Because dith ith my firth

time in thkool.""The first time! oh!" shout

ed the boys, as if wonder-struck by the" fact that thiswas his first time in school.

"Ah, then, we must give hima good welcome!" exclaimedone of them, and jumping overto 'the blackboard he took apiece of white chalk and gaveit to Hrytzko.

"Here, eat this, and do itquickly!"

The whole crowd of boyswas now silently and expectantly watching Hrytzko, whowas fingering the chalk in hishand. Slowly he raised it andput it into his mouth.

"Quick, you dumb cluck, eatit!" the boys urged him on,

by now choking with repressed laughter.Hrytzko'e teeth slowly be

gan to crunch on the chalkand slowly he ate it, swallowing with great difficulty. Asudden unleashed roar oflaughter burst out.

"What you laughin' at?"asked the surprised Hrytzko.

"Nothing, nothing, maybeyou want some more?"

"No, no! I no wanna. Whatith it?"

"Don't you know? Oh, howdumb. Why, that's Jerusalemthat you ate. It's really verygood."

"Oh, but ith not tho good,"complained Hrvtz.

Just then the door openedand the teacher entered. Theboys like a flock of startledbirds, jumped to their seats.Only Hrytz remained standing,with tears in his eyes and lips

white from the chalk. Theteacher approached him, frowning.

"What's your name?" he demanded.

"Hryth."

Ч ік г а іп еc

Shroughc

She Genturies

"The Celtic Empire, called'Celtica' by the Romans, wasat its greatest extent for somecenturies before 300 B.C. andstretched from Iceland to AsiaMinor. With their war-like colonies the Celts had plougheda deep furrow over the ancientworld in every direction. TheDanube continued to remaina Celtic river until its basinwas absorbed in the RomanEmpire... Marks of Celtic set

tlements... are found over awide belt as far north as Westphalia and as far East as theDobrudja and South Russia...The Celts possessed a civilization, intellectually, industrial

"Hryth who? Aha, you're I l y B n d ^iaHy considerably

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the new boy. Why aren't youin your seat? Why are youcrying? And where in heaven'sname did you get that whitestuff on your lips? Hey?"

"I ate jeruthalam.""What? What kind of Jeru

salem?" asked the teacher.Meanwhile the boys were fairly bursting from suppressedmirth.

'The boyth gave it to me."Hrytz looked around the

room to locate the culprits, butdid not recognize even one.

"There, there. Go and sitdown, and don't eat any moreJerusalem, or else you'll geta beating."

ШThe class began Its studies.

The teacher was saying something, displaying before himlittle square tablets, uponwhich were drawn curiouslyshaped hooks and props, andevery time he displayed a newone the boys shouted something; but it was all beyondHrytz's understanding. For thatmatter, he didn't even pay anyattention to the teacher, butfound a great deal of amusement in the antics of the boysseated around him. One. wasassiduously picking his nosewith a stubby forefinger, en-other was trying his utmost toput stalk of straw into Hrytz'sear, while the third was moatdiligently applying himself tothe task of pulling out loosethreads from his thread-barejacket; already before himthere lay a goodly- sized pileof threads, yet he kept on pull

ing more. ' ""What you pullin' dem for?"

asked Hrytz.

"Oh, I'm goln' to take 'emhome to eat 'em with mybt shch," the other calmly replied; and for quite sometime afterwards Hrytz wondered whether the boy was in hisright senses or not

"Hrytz! You're not payingthe least bit of attention!" thevoice of the teacher suddenlyboomed at him, and simultaneously Hrytz felt a sharp painin his ear, which the teacherhad seized and given a sharptweek. The pain was so excruciating that tears appearedin his eyes. When he recovered his senses the boys werealready reading from a set oftablets which the teacher hadarranged before them. Untiringly, over and over again, theychanted in a sing-song fashionVa-ba-ha-la-ma-ha." For somereason or other this pleasedHrytz very much, and he toojoined in the chorus, his thinpipng voice shrilling above theothers: 'a baba halamaha."Even the teacher was impressed by this, and th inking thathe had an apt pupil before himsought to give the boy a further opportunity to distinguishhimself by arranging a newcombination of letters, reading "baba"; but Hrytz, noteven looking at the new word,shrilled at the teacher: "halamaha." The whole class roared with laughter, and even theteacher joined in. Hrytzkolooked around him puzzled, andthen turning to the boy nextto him, asked, "Why don't youthay 'halamaha'"? And notuntil he felt the sting of theteacher's ruler over his back,did he first realize that something was wrong somewhere.

"Well, now, what did theyteach you at school?" his fath-

higher than that of their German neighbors and that theirinfluence spread even over regions into which the arms ofthe Celt never penetrated...

"As for the character of theancient Celts, we must remember that almost all our information on the subject comesfrom the writings of their

By MYKOLA H. HAYDAK(Special to the Ukr. Weekly)

(в )

should be interpreted that it which might have been a cencame from the territory ofFrance because in the 10thcentury, when Logothete wrotehis memoirs, it was the onlyterritory occupied by Franks.It is of interest to note thatthe slavic translator of thisphrase wrote: "who belong tothe Variahs". This signifiesthat the interpretation of theterm "Variah" as meaning —"foreigner" in general is cor

rect.d. It is not a coincidence

that "Rosia", one of the Rusoutposts at the mouth of theDon, a seaport and a famousmarket place, was named inthe Latin "Cassalo de Ruthe-nis" (Rubruquis in 1263).

e. The Grecian chroniclers,Skilitsa (11th century) andCedrenus (12th century) stated that the Rus were "genoskeltikon" i. e., of the Celticorigin. Vasilevsky (cited byShelukhin, 1920) discussingthis passage in the writings ofSkilitsa and Cendrenus, states:

enemies. These all agree, how- "At any rate these words can-ever, in emphasizing their lovefor fighting, daring and adventure (the traces of characterwhich by several writers areascribed solely to the Varangians, M. H.); their contemptof death; their vanity, self-consciousness, imagination,

loquacity and religiosity.".Apparently the ancient Celtswere familiar.with the territory of the Scythia. Shelukhinstates that in the 5th centuryafter Christ, Ruthenee in agreat mass, with their kindred, migrated from Provansalto Noricum. When it becameimpossible to live there theymigrated farther. A part ofthem proceeded beyond theCarpathian mountains, establishing* themselves on the territory named Galicia afterthem (compare Galicia on theIberian peninsula ), and another part went still fartherto the shores of the Azov sea— to Tmutorokan.

Shelukhin, supports the assumption that the Rus wereCelto-Ruthenes by the following historical facts and considerations :

a. The Greek historian Stra-bo (1st century A. D.) calls

the inhabitants north of theBlack sea by the name Celto-Scythlans, thus indicating thatthe Celts lived in this territory.

b. In the city of Salzburg(former Juvanum) there is amarble plate with the following inscription: "In the yearof God 477 Odoacer, king ofRuthenes, together with theGepids, Goths, Hungarians andHeruls, persecuting the churchof God, after beastly torturing the pious Maximus andfifty of his associates, threwthem down (from the rock)and the province of Noricumdevastated with the sword andfire..." This document givesthe fact that in the 5th century the Ruthenes were in theprovince of Noricum on theDanube, were pagans, andelected Odoacer as their king.Odoacer ruled over Rome for14 years. The mention of this

event in connection with theRus is also found in the writings of the Ukrainian historian Hizel (1674), (Cited fromShelukhin, 1935).

c. The comment of SymeonLogothete that the Rus belongs to the race of Franks

not be referred to theScandinavians, , because theGreeks could distinguish' thepeoples. In the writings of A.Comnenos the name Celts isalways applied to the French."This statement indirectly supports Shelukhin's interpreta

tion of the Logothete's testimony about the origin of theRus.

f. Muquadassi (10th cen-ury), describing an expeditionof the Rus against the Kha-zars, writes: "I have likewiseheard that Roman warriorsknown as Rus, conquered theKhazars and seized their land "The Arab and the writers inthe Arabian language used theл а т е Rome as a synonym tothe Roman Empire. In other-words, Muquadassi indicatedthat the Kievan Rus originated from the Roman Empire.The only people who had asimilar name were the Ruthenes. who in the 5th centurywere in Noricum as is apparentfrom the memorial at Juvanum.

g. Early Ukrainian oral andvdritten literature is full of references to the Danubian region. It is enough to read theold Ukrainian poem "Song ofthe Legion of Ihor" (1І 87) describing the ill-fated campaignof the prince Ihor of Novho-rod Siversky against the Po-lovteians (CumansX- In the introduction the author of thepoem recalls the times of Trajan, speaks of the GoVhs, oftheir victory over the nativeking Rus. In the song there isan expression which may bedirectly referred to the C elticcharacter of the Rus, namely:"It is not the tempest whichcarried the' falcons o ver thewide fields, the Halician flocks("Halichi stady") run towardthe great Don." The name"Halfcian" in the Ukrainianpronunciation means belonging to "Hallchane" — the namewhich was used in the Chronicle for they designation ofthe Gauls. There is no reference to the Scandinavian or

the Northern countries. Mireky(1931) calls attention to theByzantine influences on theauthor of the poem. However,he stat es: "There are alsostriking but unexplained similarities with late Anglo-Saxonpoetry... Norse court poetry,

Ukrainian Sport N

ceivable link, is utterly unlike the Russian poem." Thepostulation of Shelukhin explains these western influenceson the Ukrainian poem. TheGauls themselves were underthe influence of Greece: Caesar relates that they evenwrote "Literis Graecis."

h. The Ukrainian historicalliterature gives a direct reference to the origin of the Rus.

In the chronicle of Samuel Ve-lichko a proclamation of 1648by He t man Bond an Khmcln it-sky is presented. The greatHetman addresses all the U-kralnian people and urges themto rally for the unity of theirmother country, Ukraine, inspired by the example of thefamous and brave ancestors oftheirs, Ruses, and relates: —"When even the ancient Rome,which can be called the motherof all the European cities,proud of its military might of645,000 strong army, has in470 been taken by a muchsmaller army of the Ruses,our ancestors, under the command of their king Odoacer,and.was ruled by them for 14years, then who can forbid usto continue such military activity and to rob us of theknightly bravery?"

From this document of the

17th century it is apparentthat the Ukrainians considered as their ancestors thoseRuthenes who In the 5th century elected Odoacer at theirking and then marched withhim against Rome. It signifiesthat the Rus was not a military band of merchant adventurers^ as the Normanists are inclined to believe, but that itwas a cultured nation, whichconsisted of families, withwomen, children as well asmen, and that this Rusamalgamated with the Slavicpopulation 1,of Ukraine and socontributed to the formationof the Ukrainian nation.

In his oration at the funeralof Hetman Bohdan Khmelnyt-sky, Samilo Zirka, his secretary, calls the deceased: "Ourdear leader, an old Rus Odoacer," (cited from Vernadsky,1941), thus referring again tothe Ruthenes of the 5th centu

ry as the Rus.i. The citation in the Velich-

ko's Chronicle ehows that evenIn the 17th century the factthat the Rus were of Celticorigin was still fresh in theminds of the contemporary U-kralnlans. Such a tradition existed in France also. TheFrench historian, Jacques deCharron (1621) wrote a book:"Hlstoire Unlveraelle de ToutesNationes" in which he, speaking of the Kievan Rus, states:"So far as the origin of theseancient Ruthenlans there is agreat probability that the largest part of them had its originfrom the Gauls, who long agocame to their country... Andthat their country retains thename Ruthenie from the peoples Ruthenes who once livedin the vicinity of the landYhich later became known pr

Flanders; or better, from thepeople of the land of Ruergein Aquitania (who were alsocalled Ruthenes) who formerly came to this land withVoices and Tectosages."

This testimony does not needany comment.

(To be continued)

Lee Dalaski of Mount Pleasant High School in Wilmington, Del. was selected to Delaware's All State ScholasticFootball Team this past season. 17-years old and a solid160-pounds, Lee earned histhird varsity letter by performing 60 minutes at offen

By WALTER WM. DANKO

man of the Americapercentage-wise, wi.351 average. Also wise, Harry Dorianthe best pitchers with a .667 mark4-wins and 2-loases

Johnny "Yata" Kmer Philadelphia A

sive and defensive guard with lief hurler has a 4-lrthe Green Knights. Also a per- Birmingham in theformer for the Ukrainian Citizens Club of Wilmington, Leeis currently looking over numerous college offers thathave been showered his way.

Mike Н о т а , who played oneyear of basketball at Kentuckyand five years of pro ball withBridgeport of the AmericanBasketball League at Kentuckyand five years of pro ball withBridgeport of the AmericanBasketball League capturedMetropolitan New York Cityqualifying round of the U.S.Open Golf Tournament with a4-under-par 140. The NewYork Dally News claims Mikeis the best young golfer in theEa st Mike Souchak, formerDuke University grid star alsoqualified with a 150 in theMetropolitan matches and hisbrother Frank, former All-American end at Pittsburghqualified in the Pittsburghmatches with a 149. In theNew Jersey matches, Alex Antonio failed to qualify with a155 .. . In the Open Golf Tourney, Frank Souchak finishedninth with a 296 altho he was

the top amateur in the tourney.Pro Mike Н о т а garnered a 306total and pro Mike Souchaknotched 317. All In all, It loksas if the Ukrainians are really coming into their own inthis sport which commandsthe Interest of many outstanding personolitles from Ike ondowj}, , .

Steve Souchock of the Detroit Tigers is the top bats

er asked him when Hrytz returned home for lunch.

"Oh, we learned to that 'aba-ba halamaha'?" the boy replied, proudly. A

"And did you know it well?"asked father, ignoring for themoment the question whatthis strange word could possibly mean.

"Of courth," replied Hrytz,loftily.

Well then, be a good boy!"admonished father. "When youfinish this village school Ishall send you to higher

schools, and then you'll become a priest Woman, give

something to eat.""Da," said Hrytz.

Г УA year had passed since

that fateful day. The highhopes of the father for hts sonas a scholar had long sinceevaporated. The teacher hadfrankly told him that Hrytzwas the "18th sort of a dunce"and that he would do betterto take the boy out of schooland return him to tendinggeese. And he was right, forafter a year In school Hrytz returned bome just as wise as he

was when he first entered. Tobe sure, he had by this time

memorized that awe-inspiring"a baba halamaha" so wellthat even in his sleep he washeard to recite 4t. But thatseemed to be the limit of hiseducation. The other letters ofthe alphabet whirled about inhis mind in such a confusingmanner that he could never recognize any of them. And asfor reading and writing!...Whether all this was becausehe did not have a retentivememory or whether perhapsthe teacher was to blame, noone could say; however, one

thing was certain,—that the' (Continued on page 4)

(AA) Association.The Philadelphi

will conduct a tryoHazelton, Pa,—an ly populated with

July 10 and lithbetween the agea ofHere's a great csome of our Anthrabreak into Organball.

The Indianapolisthe American (AAtion transferred Mike Lutz on optioCleveland Indiana the Texas (AA) Lecaptured the battithe Eastern (A) Lseason but he was iof a slump at the to his transfer.

John Waaelchukhurler for GreensbCarolina (-B) Leaguson was credited conquest of Columfirst start for MaSally (A) League, The right-hander yihits and 4 walks.

The Washington

the National Footbthis paat week inkPaplt to his thirwith the Redman. whose hometown iphia, Johnny was of the Skins' lieneuson after sustainingjury in pre-season The former VirginiaAll-America is the to sign up for nex

11 ' ' . ' fWill Your Club Be, Repres" ittheUiX-NAC onyeritlo

This coming Labor DayWeekend, September 5, в and7th, the 20th AnniversaryConvention of the UkrainianYouth's League of NorthAmerica will be held in thefashionable Hotel Essex Housein Newark, N. J. And as always in the past, this у еа г 'вnational conclave will be themeeting ground for all progressive Ukrainian youth clubs4n the USA and Canada towhich hundreds of our fineyouth from New England toNorth Dakota, from Quebecto British Columbia will flockeither as delegates of theirlocal youth clubs or simply asguests to partake in the weekend's giant social, organizational and cultural program.

With the very active participation of all these youngpeople from all walks of life—students, doctors, factoryworkers, enfiineere, clerks,teachers, skilled technicians,etc.—it is quite apparent thatthe discussions precipitatingat the scheduled confabs willreally prove both educationaland informative. And in thelong run, the participating

clubs will benefit for manyvaluable and constructive ideaswill be presented on the convention floor.

Then again, your club's active support and participationIn the UYL-NA will enablethis national organization to

increase its scopetremendously in cuorganization, sociasignificantly in pocially the "battle" our fellow Americaadians with the cstruggle for a frependent Ukraine. Amoments, right hfree world, the enfree Ukraine are acIng, very intensivetroy Ukrainian backbone of the Udependence movemperialistic Russiagroups, the RusRussian sponsoreded the "Federalabout these quisliture article), ourbackward Ruslns are waging an anpropaganda campathe job of all thand Canadian-boryouth, reared on tdemocracy, to disstruth about the sufferings of theUkrainian people country". An indedemocratic Ukrain

ing the 4 freedomequality of all peof the chief repeace in the worshould always accpoint.

In summation, y'(Concluded on

Sixth dPlnnual

C O N V E N T I O NOF THE

Ukrainian Orthodox leaOF THE U.SJL

Hotel Pick OhioYOUNGSTOWN, OHIO

June 26, 27 and 28,195

Convention Comд • * д * ^ ^ д Л Ш Я Ш к ш к -•*•*»• *><+,*»

