The R&D programme onNormal Conducting Linacs (NCLinac)
Erk JENSEN/CERNGrahame Blair/RHUL
CARE 08EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting
5-Dec-2008
2EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
Reminder: History from CARE07
EU 9.10.07 EU 15.10.07 EU proposal EU GA
Normal conducting High-Gradient research 1’392 k€ 916 k€ 828 k€ 732 k€
Linac & FF stabilisation (sub-nm quad. stabilisation) 1’034 k€ 804 k€ 633 k€ 557 k€
BDS (including crab cavity, laser wire) 1’629 k€+ 480 k€
578 k€+ 480 k€
376 k€ + 437 k€
332 k€ + 364 k€
Drive beam phase (phase monitors) 355 k€ 355 k€ 322 k€ 284 k€
Drive beam alignment 312 k€
Beam dumps (shock waves, power deposition) 202 k€ 202 k€
DR Vacuum (Coatings, NEG, e-cloud suppression) 514 k€ 514 k€ 366 k€
DR SC wigglers (prototypes & experiments) 912 k€ 568 k€ 390 k€
ITB (Instrumentation test beam & experiments) 717 k€
FFAG (EMMA) 524 k€ 524 k€ 380 k€ 332 k€ (ANAC)
Positron source (Undulator, Target, Laser) 1’528 k€ 533 k€ 180 k€ 159 k€ (HFM)
Others (Laser plasma, RF power, collimator wake) 603 k€ 240 k€ 210 k€ (ANAC)
Total EU request: 9’722 k€+ 480 k€
4’993 k€+480 k€
2’525 k€+ 1’190 k€
1’905 k€ + 702 k€
5-Dec-08
A drastic reduction from initial plans necessitated some difficult and painful choices!
3EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac overviewObjectives:
NCLinac concentrates on the identified issues in R&D to prepare for the future HEP Particle colliders that can reach beyond the LHC… . The issues to be addressed are primarily i) how to reach a high accelerating gradient reliably and ii) how to stabilize the beams and the machine to allow collisions of nm-sized beams without loss of luminosity. For the first, NCLinac limits its scope to normal conducting accelerator structures, complementary to work on superconducting accelerator structures foreseen in the work package SRF. For the latter issue, synergy is actively sought and implemented between the superconducting (SC) and normal conducting (NC) linear collider approaches, where we have observed in the past that the communities of researchers had formed two separate camps. Searching their similarities rather than their differences, one goal of NCLinac is to bring these communities together again wherever possible.
Tasks: 9.1 Coordination and Communication 9.2 Normal Conducting High Gradient Cavities 9.3 Linac and FF Stabilisation 9.4 Beam Delivery System 9.5 Drive Beam Phase Control
Duration: 4/2009 – 3/2013 (4 years)5-Dec-08
4EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac budget: by tasks
9.1: NCLinac Coordination &
Communication; 258530; 4%
9.2: NC High Gradient Cavi-ties; 2453256;
37%
9.3: Linac & FF Stabiliza-tion; 1794480; 27%
9.4: BDS; 1099452; 17%
9.5: Drive Beam Phase; 945110; 14%
Total NCLinac: 6,550,828 €
5-Dec-08
5EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac budget: by beneficiearies
CERN
CIEMAT
CNRS
INFN
PSI
RHUL
STFC
UH
UNIMAN
UOXF-DL
UU
Total NCLinac: 6,550,828 €
5-Dec-08
6EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac effort (FTE-months/main players):
5-Dec-08
Coordination
High Gradient
Stabilisation BDS Phase control
CERN 15/Jensen 1/Wünsch 57/Zickler, Hauviller,Mainaud-Durand
16/Sladen
CIEMAT 32/Toral
CNRS/LAPP 50/Jeremie
INFN/LNF 30/Marcellini
PSI 15/Dehler
RHUL 2/Blair 51/Blair
STFC/ASTEC 16/Angal-Kalinin
UH 112/Österberg, Nordlund,Djurabekova
UNIMAN 52/Jones 23/Appleby
UOXF-DL 53/Burrows, Urner
UU 68/Ziemann, Ruber
If you’re surprised to see you name here, or that you don’t see your name here: please contact me!
7EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac, task 9.2: “Normal-Conducting High-Gradient Cavities”
Building on the success of CTF3 and complementing it,the goal of this task is to optimize CTF3 and its use towards– cost- and performance optimized accelerating structures and – their integration in CLIC modules. This also requires– better modelling of breakdown and– better suppression of HOM’s,– experimental verification
Partners: CIEMAT, Uni Manchester (CI), HIP/University Helsinki, University Uppsala, CERN (coord.)
Estimated total: 2.45 M€, 22 FTEy This task is complementary to the “module
implementation” which is financed 100% by CERN and not part of this proposal.
Also note that the CLIC main beam accelerator structures are not explicitly part of this program.
5-Dec-08
8EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
CLIC module – integration
5-Dec-08
Tank Version Sealed Version
MB: AS (disks) sealedDB: PETS with “mini-tank”DB Quads: updated 3D model
MB: AS (quadrants) in vac. tankDB: PETS in vac. tankQuads: simplified 3D model
A. Samoshkin
9
Test module MBDB
Test module, as much as possible close to the final CLIC module
Test module activities- Related activities in projects EuCARD, tasks 9.2 and 9.3- Activities defined with other collaborations
Phase 4
Phase 3
G. RiddoneEuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
10Kick-of meeting CW50 (proposal)
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
G. Riddone
The Integration of “NCLinac” into general CTF3 R&D program
11EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NC High Gradient – subtasks (1/5): 9.2.1: “PETS”:
– Design, manufacture a Power Extraction and Transfers Structure (PETS) for the test module
– Install and evaluate PETS in CTF3
at present:
5-Dec-08
E. Adli
Special PETS, used with re-circulation (no HOM damping features)
14.11.2008
I. Syratchev
PETS tank installed in CLEX15.10.08
New “Test module” PETS:
PETS 3D (fitting on the ST module schematic background)
PETS inside of “mini-tank”
Coupler
7
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac12A. Samoshkin
13EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NC High Gradient – subtasks (2/5): 9.2.2: “HOMs and alignment”:
Explore the influence of alignment errors on wake fields, elaborate and demonstrate appropriate High Order Mode (HOM) damping in the presence of alignment errors.
Types of alignment errors:
5-Dec-08
R. Zennaro
14EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NC High Gradient – subtasks (3/5): 9.2.3: “Breakdown simulation”:
5-Dec-08
Combination of Electrodynamics and Molecular dynamics Key activities during the last 10 years:
examining surface damage formation by irradiation.
For heavy ion bombardment and dense metals, a single incoming ion may lead to really dramatic surface effects:
Planned for EuCARD: Develop and use atomistic simulations of atom migration enhanced by the electric field or by bombarding particles, understand what kind of roughening mechanisms lead to the onset of RF breakdown in high gradient accelerating structures.
K. Nordlund & F. Djurabekova, Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences
15
Surface damage: cratering
The typical end result is a crater The craters we get in simulations can be directly
compared to experiments by predicting the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of it
MD simulation result Predicted TEM image
[Donnelly, Physical Review B 85 (1997) 4968]
Experimental TEM image
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
K. Nordlund & F. Djurabekova
16EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NC High Gradient – subtasks (4/5):
9.2.4: “Diagnose breakdown event signatures”:– Design and build equipment to diagnose the electrons, ions and light
emanating from breakdown events.– Install in CTF3 Two-Beam Test-Stand around the test module– Install inside a Scanning Electron Microscope in UU– analyze the surface science relevant to RF-breakdown
5-Dec-08
17
Upgrade TBTS
Construction supported by theSwedish Research Council and theKnut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
CTF3 drive-beam
Experimental area
Spectrometers and beam dumps CALIFES probe-
beam
New diagnosticsfor RF-breakdown(Flash-box)
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinacV. Ziemann
18
In Electron Microscope
DC-breakdown in SEM (scanning electron microscope)
500 V/μm = 500 MV/m High-voltage (<kV) on
manipulator inside FEI DB 235 focussed ion beam SEM
Observe the same spot before and after breakdown
Fowler-Nordheim (I-V) plots In-situ diagnostics using
SEM and TEMCourtesy: E. Coronel, UU
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinacV. Ziemann
19EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NC High Gradient – subtasks (5/5):
9.2.5: “Precise assembly”:Develop a strategy of assembly for the CLIC accelerating and
power extraction structures satisfying the few to 10 micrometer precision requirement of positioning both radial and longitudinal taking into account dynamical effects present during accelerator operation.
–tight links to subtask 1 (PETS) and subtask 3 (HOMs and alignment).
5-Dec-08
20EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac, task 9.3: Linac & FF stabilisation
Strong synergy between ILC and CLIC! Main goals:
– stabilize elements (linac & FF quads, …) to sub-nm level to guarantee luminosity, to this end:
– improve low emittance transport simulation, – build and test (ATF2 & CTF3) interferometric monitoring system– develop & implement feedbacks: ILC: intrapulse, CLIC: pulse-to-pulse– Consider “Linear Collider environment”: some elements will be inside the
detector, consider accelerator typical noise (magnetic field, coolant flow, radiation …), assure compatibility with other installations.
Partners: IN2P3/LAPP, CERN, U Oxford (JAI) Estimated total: 1.79 M€, 13.3 FTEy Task results also relevant for X-FEL!
5-Dec-08
21EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
Linac & FF stabilisation – subtasks (1/2):
9.3.1: “CLIC quadrupole module” – Design and build main linac (ML)
quadrupole (mock-up)– Evaluate inertial sensors– Integrate with ML support– study vibration isolation– implement test bench– install and cross-check interferometric
measurement system (9.3.2)– use test bench with MLQ to validate the
stabilisation method and equipment– assure compatibility with other subsystems
(alignment, vacuum, cooling, …)
5-Dec-08
MLQAperture radius: 4.00 mmIntegrated gradient: 70 (170, 270, 370 ) Tm/mNominal gradient: 200 T/mIron length: 346 (846, 1346, 1846) mmMagnetic length: 350 (850, 1350, 1850) mmTotal length: 420 (920, 1420, 1920) mmMagnet width: < 200 mmMagnet height: < 200 mmMagnet weight: ~ 75 (110, 135, 270) kgIndirect water cooling through yoke
– target: < 1 nm @ > 1 Hz:
T. Zickler
22
Baseline: Four different types of Main Beam Quadrupoles:Length:
-420 mm -920 mm-1420 mm-1920 mm
Weight:
~200 to 500kg
Current layout: MB Quad is supported to the ground
~1 nm •Final alignment/Stabilization (Beam Based) Interval: hours & <
~1 mm •Active pre-alignment (Beam Based) Interval: hours
~10 mm•Active pre-alignment (Movers) Dof.: 5; Interval: weeks
~0.1 mm•Mechanical pre-alignment (Movers) Dof.: 6; Interval: year
Alignment & Stabilization Concept:
F. LacknerEuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
23EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
Linac & FF stabilisation – subtasks (2/2):
9.3.2: “Final Focus test stand”– to explore FF quad stabilisation potential– design, simulate and construct FF doublet support– adapt feedback software to FF doublet– optimize to reduce cost– design, construct and implement an
interferometric measurement system– optimize its resolution– compare to and correlate with inertial sensors– complete ILC prototype intra-train & pulse to pulse
feed-back/feed-forward system– perform low-emittance beam transport simulations to
predict stability impact on overall luminosity performance (ILC and CLIC)
5-Dec-08
– target: < 0.1 nm @ > some Hz:
FSI: Frequency Scanning Interferometry
Phase = 2π (Optical Path Distance) / Wavelength
Φ = 2π D / λ = 2π D (ν / c)
D = (c/ 2π) (ΔΦ/Δnu)
R = (c/ 2π) (Δθ/Δnu)D = R (ΔΦ/Δθ)
Frequency Scanning Interferometry
frequeny scanning
Reference interferometer
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
P. Burrows, D. Urner
Interferometer operation
Phase = 2π (Optical Path Distance) / Wavelength
Φ = 2π D / λ = 2π D (ν / c)
D = (c/ 2π) (ΔΦ/Δnu)
R = (c/ 2π) (Δθ/Δnu)D = R (ΔΦ/Δθ)
ΔD = (c/2π ν) ΔΦ
Fixed Frequency Interferometry
Frequency Scanning Interferometry
frequeny scanning
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
P. Burrows, D. Urner
26EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac, task 9.4: Beam Delivery System
Strong synergy between ILC and CLIC! Main goals:
– develop tuning procedures (at ATF2) for ILC & CLIC, to achieve 35 nm vertical beam size,
– develop BPM’s for BDS, test at ATF2,– develop laser wire scanner & profile reconstruction, test at PETRAIII
and ATF2. Partners: Uni Manchester (CI), STFC/ASTEC, RHUL (JAI) Estimated total: 1.1 M€, 7.5 FTEy Requires good coordination with task 9.3!
5-Dec-08
27EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
Beam Delivery System: subtasks (1/2)
9.4.1: “Tuning Procedures”– aim: vertial beam sizes <35 nm!– test tuning procedures at ATF2– optimize the designs of the interaction region of both ILC and CLIC– test local chromaticity correction final focus system experimentally
9.4.2: High Precision BPMs– with particular emphasis on system integration
5-Dec-08
28EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
Beam Delivery System: subtasks (2/2) 9.4.3: Laser wire system
– develop laser wire system (emphasis on high-speed operation)– test at ATF2 and PETRAIII– support by simulations (BDSIM)
5-Dec-08
G. Blair
29
Current research:• Optimal timing conditions for efficient extraction of pump energy in
pulsed conditions.• Externally triggering seed laser _after_ pump pulse.• Coupling of seed and pump into crystal fibre.• Operation of crystal fibre as cw amplifier at low power levels, pulsed at
low power and up to highest powers.• Investigation of frequency doubling efficiency.
EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
G. Blair
30EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac, task 9.5: Drive Beam Phase Control
CLIC luminosity sensitive to drive beam phase, requires phase stabilization (feedback) to ≈ 20fs.
First step: high resolution φ-measurement! Main goals:
Build, develop and test in CTF3– low impedance φ-pick-up with band-reject filters,– laser system & electro-optical detector– the phase monitor electronics
Partners: INFN/LNF, CERN, PSI Estimated total: 0.95 M€, 5.1 FTEy Task results also relevant for future linac based light
sources (e.g. SPARC / FERMI / PSI-XFEL / LCLS) X-FEL, electro-optical system also for ILC!
5-Dec-08
31EuCARD Kick-Off Meeting :: NCLinac
NCLinac: Summary
NCLinac complements ongoing research towards a Linear Collider
NCLinac intentionally searches and supports synergy between CLIC and ILC.
(Stabilisation, BDS, Diagnostics) Synergy with future Light Sources
(High gradient, Phase jitter)
A challenging work program is ahead of us – let’s get started!
5-Dec-08