The Cold The Cold WarWar
1946-1960 (-1991)1946-1960 (-1991)
Essential Question:
• What caused the Cold War? Who was to blame?
YaltaYalta
• ChurchillChurchill
• RooseveltRoosevelt
• StalinStalin
• Decide fate of Decide fate of Germany & occupied Germany & occupied Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
• FDR diesFDR dies
• Harry Truman Harry Truman Becomes Becomes PresidentPresident
PotsdamPotsdam
• Truman, Stalin, ChurchillTruman, Stalin, Churchill• Treaty draftsTreaty drafts• War CrimesWar Crimes• Germany divided into zones of Germany divided into zones of
occupation—U.S., Britain, France, occupation—U.S., Britain, France, USSRUSSR
• Truman/Stalin distrustTruman/Stalin distrust
Hiroshima & NagasakiHiroshima & Nagasaki
• How did the Atom bomb change everything?
The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain
• Winston Churchill ‘s Winston Churchill ‘s speechspeech
• Fulton, MissouriFulton, Missouri• Recognition of reality of Recognition of reality of
Soviet takeover of Eastern Soviet takeover of Eastern EuropeEurope
• Warning of dangers of Warning of dangers of Spread of CommunismSpread of Communism
Truman Doctrine
• Response to Greek Civil War & Response to Greek Civil War & Communist Activity in TurkeyCommunist Activity in Turkey
• Promised U.S. support for Anti-Promised U.S. support for Anti-Communist forcesCommunist forces
• Greek Communist Greek Communist withdrew to Yugoslaviawithdrew to Yugoslavia
ContainmentContainment• George KennanGeorge Kennan
• Soviet Union would threaten its Soviet Union would threaten its neighbors as long as there was a neighbors as long as there was a power vacuumpower vacuum
• Use counterforce to stop spread of Use counterforce to stop spread of CommunismCommunism
Start of Red ScareStart of Red Scare• HUAC: House Un-American Activities
Committee began to investigate – Federal government– Hollywood 10– Universities
• Creation of CIA
The Marshall The Marshall PlanPlan
•12 billion in aid to build & stabilize Europe
Prague Coup
Berlin Berlin AirliftAirlift
• Soviet Union tries to Soviet Union tries to force allies out of force allies out of West Berlin by West Berlin by closing Roads & RRclosing Roads & RR
• U.S. response to U.S. response to airlift all suppliesairlift all supplies
NATO & The NATO & The Marshall PlanMarshall Plan
Communist Revolution in ChinaCommunist Revolution in China
• Mao Tse Mao Tse DungDung
The Threat of Nuclear War--The Threat of Nuclear War--Russia develops the atom bombRussia develops the atom bomb
David Greenglass, Ethel’s brother
The Rosenbergs
The Red Scare:The Red Scare:
•McCarthyismMcCarthyism
•HUACHUAC
•Hollywood 10Hollywood 10
Korean WarKorean War• Limited WarfareLimited Warfare
Truman fired MacArthur—Truman fired MacArthur—wanted to invade Chinawanted to invade China
H-Bomb - 450 times more powerful then Hiroshima!
Second H-Bomb 1000 times more powerful than Hiroshima
Eisenhower’s Cold Eisenhower’s Cold WarWar >Hydrogen Bomb >Hydrogen Bomb >Death of Stalin >Death of Stalin >brinkmanship >brinkmanship >John Foster Dulles >John Foster Dulles
Massive Retaliation/Brinkmanship
• John Foster Dulles• “The ability to get to the verge
without getting into war is a necessary art.”
• Build up of Civil Defense Activities
How to survive a nuclear attack in war & at home?
How to survive a nuclear attack in war & at home?
Khrushchev
•Attacked Stalin•False Hope of freedom•Poznan Revolt & Massacre
Hungarian Revolt
• Eastern Europe Eastern Europe Rebels against Rebels against CommunismCommunism
• Soviet Invasions Soviet Invasions put down revoltsput down revolts
• NATO stayed outNATO stayed out
Space Race: Sputnik
• SputnikSputnik
• LaikaLaika
• Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin
Space Race
U2 Spy Incident• American Pilot American Pilot
Gary Powers Gary Powers tried as Spy by tried as Spy by RussiansRussians
Effects of the Cold War
• Hostility between U.S. & Russia
• Hot Wars: Korea & Vietnam
• Fight to Spread Communism v. Democracy
• Possibility of Extinction of Mankind
• Military-Industrial Complex
• Red Scare
• Nuclear Fear & Paranoia