NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
The application of WET for typical industrial
wastewater in China
Ying ZHANG 張 瑛
Dalian University of Technology
E-mail: [email protected]
Toxicity Assessment and Toxicity Reduction for Effective Wastewater Management
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
400
500
600
700
450
550
650
Year
Was
tew
ater
rel
ease
am
ou
nt
(million tons)
National wastewater release in China
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Typical industry
wastewater
Pharmaceutical
Coking
Dying and printing
Chemical
Paper-mill
Municiple
Typical wastewater in China
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
NO. item standard Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
1 COD GB 8978-1996 60 120 ——
GB 18918-2002 50 60 100 120
2 BOD5 GB 8978-1996 20 30 ——
GB 18918-2002 10 20 30 60
3 NH3-N GB 8978-1996 15 25-50 ——
GB 18918-2002 5 (8) 8(15) 25 ——
4 TN GB 8978-1996 —— —— ——
GB 18918-2002 15 20 —— ——
5 Chroma GB 8978-1996 50 80 ——
GB 18918-2002 30 30 40 50
6 TP GB 8978-1996 0.5 1.0 ——
GB 18918-2002 0.5(1) 1.5 3 5
7 SS GB 8978-1996 20 30 ——
GB 18918-2002 10 20 30 50
Standards for wastewater release
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Toxicity Bioassay test ISO OECD China USA Japan Germany UK
Acute
toxicity
Algae growth inhibition test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●
Daphnia mobility inhibition/lethal
test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●
Fish acute toxicity test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●
Luminescent bacteria acute
toxicity test ● △ ● ● △ ● ●
Seed germination toxicity test △ △ ○ ○ △ △ △
Chronic
toxicity
Daphnia chronic toxicity ● ○ ● ● △ △ △
Fish chronic toxicity test ● ○ ● ● △ ● △
Genotoxi
city
Ames test ● ○ ● ● △ ● ○
SOS/umu genotoxicity test ● ○ ○ * △ ● △
Micronucleus test ● ○ ● ○ △ ● ●
SCGE/Comet assay △ △ ● ○ △ △ △
Endocrin
e toxicity
Double hybrid yeast method △ △ △ △ △ △ △
Fish endocrine disruption test △ △ △ ○ △ △ △
Biological toxicity Test
Note: ●Standard; ○ Guideline; △ not listed in the standards or guidelines
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
• USA: WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity)
• Canada: ETT (Effluent Toxicity Test)
EEM (Environmental Effect Monitoring)
• UK, Australia: DTA (Direct Toxicity Assessment)
• Europe (Oslo and Paris Commission): WEA (Whole Effluent Assessment)
• Germany: ICE (Integrating Controlling of Effluent)
• Netherlands: WEER (Whole Effluent Environmental Risk)
• Korea: WET
• China and Japan : Bioassay is not adopted in effluent regulatory system.
WET:Whole Effluent Toxicity
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Photobacterium Fish (Zebra fish or Medaka)
7
Methodology –WET
Acute Toxicity Tests
Bioluminescence inhibition test
Algae growth inhibition test
Daphnia Immobilization test
Fish acute toxicity test
Algae
Daphnia Magna
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
WET Application for Coking Wastewater
TUa of Coking wastewater
COD of Influent = 2000 mg/L COD of Effluent = 90 mg/L
Daphnia was found to be the most sensitive test organism
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
WET Application for Municipal Wastewater
SBR
Linpor
CAS
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
WET Application for Municipal Wastewater
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
WET Application for Municipal Wastewater
ControlIN AG SBR UV0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0 ba
bb
Gro
wth
rat
e (d
-1) a
Control IN AG PS
Linpor
NaClO
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2Plant 1 Plant 3
a
b
dc,dd
Gro
wth
rat
e (d
-1) c
Plant 2
ControlIN AG PS AS0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
aa
bb
Gro
wth
rat
e (d
-1) a
SBR and CAS can remove the algal cell growth stimulation
effect of influent completely by the secondary treatment process,
but Linpor cannot
SBR Linpor CAS
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Anaerobic
tank
______
Influent
Anoxic
tank
Aerobic
tank
Sand filter
tank
Effluent
Secondary
sedimentation
tank
Air
Regulating
tank
★
★
★ ★
★
★: Sampling sites
A
B C D
E F
★
WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater
Fig.5. Flowchart of treatment process in WWTP and sampling scheme A: influent; B: anaerobic effluent; C: anoxic effluent; D: aerobic effluent; E: secondary effluent; F:
final effluent.
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
A B C D E F0
3
6
9
12
15
TU
A B C D E F0
1
2
3
4
TU
A B C D E F-400
-300
-200
0
10
20
Inh
ibit
ion
ra
te (
%)
Cell density
SOD activity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
20
40
60
80
100
FE
Inh
ibit
ion
ra
te (
%)
Concentration (%)
C
B
D
A
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Parameters
TUa Inhibition ratio of S.
obliquus
P. phosphoreum D. magna D. rerio Cell density SOD
activity
COD 0.203 0.972* 0.543 0.829* -0.543
NH3-N 0.580 0.971* 0.829* 0.600 -0.543
TP 0.580 1.000* 0.829* 0.600 -0.543
TOC 0.031 1.000* 0.455 0.577 -0.638
Cd -0.544 -0.058 -0.319 -0.203 0.377
Fe 0.580 0.600 0.600 0.543 -0.371
Mn -0.319 -0.657 -0.543 -0.886* 0.943*
WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater Correlation coefficients between acute toxicity and conventional
physicochemical parameters of pigment wastewater samples
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
The application of WET to evaluate the acute toxicity
of wastewater is inquiry in China, and should be
drawn more attentions for the purpose of avoiding the
potential aquatic ecological risk related to the
wastewater release.
Conclusions
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
1. Reduction in toxicity of coking wastewater to aquatic organisms by vertical
tubular biological reactor. S. Zhou, H. Watanabe, C. Wei, D. Wang, J. Zhou, N.
Tatarazako, S. Masunaga, Y. Zhang*. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
2015, 115: 217-222.
2. Reduction in toxicity of wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants
to alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) in Northeast China. Y. Zhang*, Q. Sun, J.
Zhou, S. Masunaga, F. Ma. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015,
119: 132-139.
3. Concentration-dependent toxicity effect of SDBS on swimming behavior of
freshwater fishes. Y. Zhang*, J. Ma, S. Zhou, F. Ma, Environmental Toxicology
and Pharmacology, 2015, 40, 77-85.
List of achievements
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
1. Thanks first given to Natural Science Foundation of
China and Japan Science and Technology Agency
(NSFC-JST, 21261140334);
2. Thanks also to our kind colleagues in NIES, YNU
and AIST;
3. Thanks to our dear students who worked with us
enthusiastically and fruitfully.
Acknowledgement
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
WET Status in China
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
CAS Aquality Environment Tech(Wuxi)Co. LTD
WET Status in China
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
CAS Aquality Environment Tech(Wuxi)Co. LTD
WET Status in China
NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015
Thank you for your attention
School of Environment, Dalian University of Technology