The application of WET for typical industrial …...2015/08/03 · NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd-3rd August, 2015 The application of WET for typical industrial wastewater

NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd -3rd August, 2015

The application of WET for typical industrial

wastewater in China

Ying ZHANG 張瑛

Dalian University of Technology

E-mail: [email protected]

Toxicity Assessment and Toxicity Reduction for Effective Wastewater Management


400

500

600

700

450

550

650

Year

Was

tew

ater

rel

ease

am

ou

nt

(million tons)

National wastewater release in China


Typical industry

wastewater

Pharmaceutical

Coking

Dying and printing

Chemical

Paper-mill

Municiple

Typical wastewater in China


NO. item standard Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ

A B

1 COD GB 8978-1996 60 120 ——

GB 18918-2002 50 60 100 120

2 BOD5 GB 8978-1996 20 30 ——

GB 18918-2002 10 20 30 60

3 NH3-N GB 8978-1996 15 25-50 ——

GB 18918-2002 5 (8) 8(15) 25 ——

4 TN GB 8978-1996 —— —— ——

GB 18918-2002 15 20 —— ——

5 Chroma GB 8978-1996 50 80 ——

GB 18918-2002 30 30 40 50

6 TP GB 8978-1996 0.5 1.0 ——

GB 18918-2002 0.5(1) 1.5 3 5

7 SS GB 8978-1996 20 30 ——

GB 18918-2002 10 20 30 50

Standards for wastewater release


Toxicity Bioassay test ISO OECD China USA Japan Germany UK

Acute

toxicity

Algae growth inhibition test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●

Daphnia mobility inhibition/lethal

test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●

Fish acute toxicity test ● ○ ● ● ● ● ●

Luminescent bacteria acute

toxicity test ● △ ● ● △ ● ●

Seed germination toxicity test △ △ ○ ○ △ △ △

Chronic

toxicity

Daphnia chronic toxicity ● ○ ● ● △ △ △

Fish chronic toxicity test ● ○ ● ● △ ● △

Genotoxi

city

Ames test ● ○ ● ● △ ● ○

SOS/umu genotoxicity test ● ○ ○ * △ ● △

Micronucleus test ● ○ ● ○ △ ● ●

SCGE/Comet assay △ △ ● ○ △ △ △

Endocrin

e toxicity

Double hybrid yeast method △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Fish endocrine disruption test △ △ △ ○ △ △ △

Biological toxicity Test

Note: ●Standard； ○ Guideline； △ not listed in the standards or guidelines


• USA: WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity)

• Canada: ETT (Effluent Toxicity Test)

EEM (Environmental Effect Monitoring)

• UK, Australia: DTA (Direct Toxicity Assessment)

• Europe (Oslo and Paris Commission): WEA (Whole Effluent Assessment)

• Germany: ICE (Integrating Controlling of Effluent)

• Netherlands: WEER (Whole Effluent Environmental Risk)

• Korea: WET

• China and Japan : Bioassay is not adopted in effluent regulatory system.

WET：Whole Effluent Toxicity


Photobacterium Fish (Zebra fish or Medaka)

7

Methodology –WET

Acute Toxicity Tests

Bioluminescence inhibition test

Algae growth inhibition test

Daphnia Immobilization test

Fish acute toxicity test

Algae

Daphnia Magna


WET Application for Coking Wastewater

TUa of Coking wastewater

COD of Influent = 2000 mg/L COD of Effluent = 90 mg/L

Daphnia was found to be the most sensitive test organism


WET Application for Municipal Wastewater

SBR

Linpor

CAS





ControlIN AG SBR UV0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0 ba

bb

Gro

wth

rat

e (d

-1) a

Control IN AG PS

Linpor

NaClO

-0.8

-0.4

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2Plant 1 Plant 3

a

b

dc,dd

Gro

wth

rat

e (d

-1) c

Plant 2

ControlIN AG PS AS0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

aa

bb

Gro

wth

rat

e (d

-1) a

SBR and CAS can remove the algal cell growth stimulation

effect of influent completely by the secondary treatment process,

but Linpor cannot

SBR Linpor CAS


Anaerobic

tank

______

Influent

Anoxic

tank

Aerobic

tank

Sand filter

tank

Effluent

Secondary

sedimentation

tank

Air

Regulating

tank

★

★

★ ★

★

★: Sampling sites

A

B C D

E F

★

WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater

Fig.5. Flowchart of treatment process in WWTP and sampling scheme A: influent; B: anaerobic effluent; C: anoxic effluent; D: aerobic effluent; E: secondary effluent; F:

final effluent.


A B C D E F0

3

6

9

12

15

TU

A B C D E F0

1

2

3

4

TU

A B C D E F-400

-300

-200

0

10

20

Inh

ibit

ion

ra

te (

%)

Cell density

SOD activity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

0

20

40

60

80

100

FE

Inh

ibit

ion

ra

te (

%)

Concentration (%)

C

B

D

A

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater


Parameters

TUa Inhibition ratio of S.

obliquus

P. phosphoreum D. magna D. rerio Cell density SOD

activity

COD 0.203 0.972* 0.543 0.829* -0.543

NH3-N 0.580 0.971* 0.829* 0.600 -0.543

TP 0.580 1.000* 0.829* 0.600 -0.543

TOC 0.031 1.000* 0.455 0.577 -0.638

Cd -0.544 -0.058 -0.319 -0.203 0.377

Fe 0.580 0.600 0.600 0.543 -0.371

Mn -0.319 -0.657 -0.543 -0.886* 0.943*

WET Application for Fine-Chemicals Wastewater Correlation coefficients between acute toxicity and conventional

physicochemical parameters of pigment wastewater samples


The application of WET to evaluate the acute toxicity

of wastewater is inquiry in China, and should be

drawn more attentions for the purpose of avoiding the

potential aquatic ecological risk related to the

wastewater release.

Conclusions


1. Reduction in toxicity of coking wastewater to aquatic organisms by vertical

tubular biological reactor. S. Zhou, H. Watanabe, C. Wei, D. Wang, J. Zhou, N.

Tatarazako, S. Masunaga, Y. Zhang*. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,

2015, 115: 217-222.

2. Reduction in toxicity of wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants

to alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) in Northeast China. Y. Zhang*, Q. Sun, J.

Zhou, S. Masunaga, F. Ma. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015,

119: 132-139.

3. Concentration-dependent toxicity effect of SDBS on swimming behavior of

freshwater fishes. Y. Zhang*, J. Ma, S. Zhou, F. Ma, Environmental Toxicology

and Pharmacology, 2015, 40, 77-85.

List of achievements


1. Thanks first given to Natural Science Foundation of

China and Japan Science and Technology Agency

(NSFC-JST, 21261140334);

2. Thanks also to our kind colleagues in NIES, YNU

and AIST;

3. Thanks to our dear students who worked with us

enthusiastically and fruitfully.

Acknowledgement


WET Status in China


CAS Aquality Environment Tech（Wuxi）Co. LTD

WET Status in China


CAS Aquality Environment Tech（Wuxi）Co. LTD

WET Status in China


Thank you for your attention

School of Environment, Dalian University of Technology

Documents

The application of WET for typical industrial …...2015/08/03 · NSFC-JST Last Year Workshop @ YNU 2nd-3rd August, 2015 The application of WET for typical industrial wastewater