Subphylum UniramiaClass Insecta
I. Orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Plecoptera and
Isoptera
Dave McShaffreyBiology Department
Marietta CollegeFall, 2000
Order Ephemeroptera -Mayflies
• e-fem-er-op’ ter-a Gr. ephemeros, lasting but a day + pteron, wing
• direct development; small to medium sized• adults: membranous wings, forewings larger,
wings held vertical, vestigial mouthparts• larvae: aquatic, usually 3 caudal filaments,
platelike gills • benthic, freshwater• 2,000 species
Ephemerella needhami
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella needhami
Ephemerellidae
Isonychia bicolor
Oligoneuriidae
Flat-headed mayfly larva
Heptageniidae
Mayfly larva
Potamanthidae
Order Odonata - Dragonflies & Damselflies
• o-do-na’ ta Gr. odontos, toothed• direct development• large• adults: membranous wings equal in size, long
slender abdomen, large eyes– dragonflies - wings held horizontally at rest– damselflies - wings held vertically at rest
• larvae: aquatic, with prehensile labium covering lower part of face– dragonflies - stout, with 3 pointed caudal
appendages– damselflies - slender, with 3 flattened,
leaflike caudal appendages (gills) • benthic, freshwater, adults and larvae
predaceous• 4,870 species
Order Odonata - Dragonflies & Damselflies (cont.)
Aeshnidae - Anax junius
Green Darner
Aeshnidae - Anax junius
Green Darner
Libelullidae - Celithemis elisum
Calico Pennant
Libelullidae - Sympetrum rubicundulum
Ruby Meadowhawk
Libelullidae - Erythemis simplicicollis
Eastern Pondhawk
Gomphidae - Clubtails
Lestidae - Spreadwings
Calopterygidae - Calopteryx maculata
Black-winged Damselflies
Calopterygidae - Hetaerina americana
American Ruby-spot Damselfly
Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis
Blue-fronted Dancer
Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis
Blue-fronted Dancer
Coenagrionidae - Ischnura posita
Fragile Forktail
Damselfly Larva
American Ruby-spot Damselfly
Dragonfly larva - Hagenius brevistylus
Dragonhunter
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae
Labium of dragonfly larva
Order Orthoptera • (Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts,
cockroaches, walking sticks, praying mantids)• or-thop’ ter-a Gr. orthos, straight + pteron,
wing• direct development
• medium to large sized• forewings leathery, hindwings membranous
and folded fanwise, chewing mouthparts• wings lacking in many forms • terrestrial, many are herbivorous• 20,000 species
Order Orthoptera (cont.)
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper
Acrididae - Romalea microptera
Southern Lubber Grasshopper(juvenile)
Acrididae
Band-winged Grasshopper
Acrididae
Band-winged Grasshopper
Gryllidae - Phyllopalpus pulchellus
Red-headed Bush Cricket
Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.
Angular-winged Katydid
Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.
Angular-winged Katydid
Tettigoniidae
Tympanum
Tettigoniidae
Meadow Grasshopper
Tetrigidae.
Pygmy Grasshopper
Gryllotalpidae - Neocurtilla hexadactyla
Mole Cricket
Gryllidae - Myrmecophila pergandei
Ant-loving Cricket
Order Dermaptera - Earwigs
• der-map’ ter-a Gr. derma, skin + pteron, wing
• direct development• medium sized
• forewings hardened and short, hindwings membranous and folded under forewings, chewing mouthparts
• cerci are like forceps • terrestrial, many are detritivores, some
herbivores and carnivores• 1,100 species
Order Dermaptera - Earwigs (cont.)
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
European Earwig
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
European Earwig
Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia
European Earwig
Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies
• ple-kop’ ter-a Gr. plekein, to twist + pteron, wing
• direct development• small to medium sized
• adults - all wings membranous, hindwings larger
• larvae - aquatic, filamentous gills mostly on thorax, 2 cerci
• larvae benthic, freshwater, usually in cleaner streams
• 1,500 species
Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies (cont.)
Peltoperlidae - Peltoperla sp.
Perlodidae - Isoperla sp.
Perlidae - Acroneuria sp.
Order Isoptera - Termites
• eye-sop’ ter-a Gr. isos, equal + pteron, wing• direct development• small sized• equal, membranous wings, thorax and
abdomen broadly joined• wings lacking in workers, mature
reproductives • terrestrial, social, feed on wood• 1,900 species
The End.
Chapter 20
Integrated Principlesof Zoology
Eleventh Edition
Hickman/Roberts/Larson(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.