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Dave McShaffreyBiology Department
Marietta CollegeFall, 2002
Subphylum UniramiaClass Insecta
IV. Orders Diptera, Trichoptera, Siphonaptera, and Hymenoptera
Order Diptera Flies
• dip’ ter-a Gr. dis, two + pteron, wing• indirect development• small to large• membranous forewings, hindwings reduced to
halteres • sucking, sponging, lapping or vestigial
mouthparts• larvae (maggots) are legless • all habitats and feeding modes• 120,000 species
Chironomidae
Midge
Chironomidae
Midge
Chironomidae
Midge
Stratiomyidae
Soldier Fly
Stratiomyidae
Soldier Fly
Simuliidae
Black Fly
Simuliidae
Black Fly
Simuliidae
Black Fly
Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus
Mosquito
Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus
Mosquito
Culicidae - Aedes triseriatus
Mosquito
Culicidae
Mosquito
Tipulidae
Crane Fly
Tipulidae
Crane Fly
Tipulidae
Crane Fly
Tipulidae
Crane Fly
Dolichopodidae
Long-legged Fly
Tabanidae
Horse Fly
Syrphidae
Rat-tailed Maggot
Syrphidae
Hover Fly
Syrphidae
Hover Fly
BombyliidaeBee Fly
Asilidae
Robber Fly
Asilidae
Robber Fly
Asilidae
Robber Fly
Asilidae
Robber Fly
Asilidae
Robber Fly
Drosophilidae
Pomace Fly
Drosophilidae
Pomace Fly
Calliphoridae
Blow-Fly Maggots
Calliphoridae
Blow-Fly
SarcophagidaeFlesh Fly
Sarcophagidae
Flesh Fly
Order Trichoptera Caddisflies
• Try-kop’ ter-a Gr. trichos, hair + pteron, wing• indirect development• small to medium size• membranous wings with hairs, wings held
tentlike over body
Order Trichoptera (cont.)Caddisflies
• larvae aquatic and caterpillar-like, many building portable cases of stones or twigs, others constructing fixed retreats or free-living
• larvae aquatic, herbivores, detritivores, carnivores
• 7,000 species
Hydropsychidae - Macrostemmum zebratum
Zebra Caddisfly
Hydropsychidae - Macrostemmum zebratum
Zebra Caddisfly Larva
Hydropsychidae
Caddisfly
Hydropsychidae
Caddisfly
Hydroptilidae
Purse-Case Making Caddisfly
Helicopsychidae
Snail-case Making Caddisfly
Caddisfly
Order Siphonaptera Fleas
• Sigh-fon-ap’ ter-a Gr. siphon, siphon + apteron, wingless
• indirect development• small• wingless (duh!) laterally compressed, saltatorial
legs • adults ectoparastic on birds, mammals • larvae maggot-like, detritivorous• 2,300 species
Archaeopsyllidae- Ctenocephalis canis
Dog Flea
Diamanus montanus
Squirrel Flea
Order Hymenoptera Ants, Bees, Wasps
• High-men op’ ter-a Gr. hymen, membrane + pteron, wing
• indirect development• very small to large• membranous wings (duh!), biting/lapping
mouthparts, ovipositor• larvae legless, maggot-like
Order Hymenoptera (cont.)Ants, Bees, Wasps
• Hymenoptera are mostly terrestrial– sawflies - herbivorous, solitary– ants - herbivorous or carnivorous, social– bees - solitary or social, nectar and pollen
feeders– wasps - solitary or social, predatory or
parasitoid• 108,000+ species
Formicidae
Ant
Formicidae
Ant
Formicidae
Ant
Formicidae
Ant
Pelecinidae - Pelecinus polyturator
Pelecinid Wasp
Sphecidae - Crossocerus sp.
Square-headed Wasp
Sphecidae - Sphecius speciosus
Cicada Killer
Sphecidae - Bembix americana
Sand Wasp
Vespidae - Vespa crabo
Giant Hornet
Vespidae - Vespa crabo
Giant Hornet
Ichneumonidae
Ichneumonid Wasp
Ichneumonidae - Dolichometus sp.
Ichneumonid Wasp
Ichneumonidae - Dolichometus sp.
Ichneumonid Wasp
Halictidae
Metallic Bee
Apidae Bumble Bee
Apidae Bumble Bee
Anthophoridae - Xylocopa sp.
Carpenter Bee
Apidae - Apis mellifera
Honey Bee
Vespidae
Yellowjacket - Vespula sp.
Vespidae - Dolichovespula maculata
Bald-faced Hornet
Vespidae - Dolichovespula maculata
Bald-faced Hornet
Vespidae - Polistes dominulus
European Paper Wasp
Vespidae - Polistes dominulus
European Paper Wasp
Vespidae - Polistes sp.
Paper Wasp
Vespidae - Polistes sp.
Paper Wasp
Adult
Larva
Pupa
Death from Within:
The Tail of the Horntail and the Wasp
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Catalpa Hornworm
Eggs + 1rst instar larvae
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Catalpa Hornworm
Eggs + 1rst instar larvae
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Catalpa Hornworm
3rd or 4th instar larvae
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Catalpa Hornworm
White phase larvae
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Catalpa Hornworm
Larva with pupal cocoons of Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)
Sphingidae - Ceratomia catalpae
Cotesia congregata larva has just emerged and is spinning cocoon.
Cotesia congregata larvaein 3 stages of development - emergence, initial spinning, completed cocoon.
Cotesia congregata cocoons after adult eclosion.
Cotesia congregata adult after eclosion.
Braconidae - Cotesia congregata
Cotesia congregata adults and pupal cocoon.
Braconidae - Cotesia congregata
Cotesia congregata adults.
The End.
Chapter 20
Integrated Principlesof Zoology
Eleventh Edition
Hickman/Roberts/Larson(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
