Style Guide for Authors
New Perspectives on Turkey
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-perspectives-on-turkey
First prepared July 2014 by Yan Overfield Shaw, Manuscript Editor
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NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY
Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................... 1
1 The Manuscript ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Formatting the manuscript ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Completing the manuscript ............................................................................... 1
1.3 NPT manuscript formats ................................................................................... 1
1.3.1 NPT Article format ...................................................................................... 1
1.3.2 NPT Book review format ............................................................................. 2
1.3.4 NPT Review Article format .......................................................................... 2
1.3.5 NPT Commentary and editorial format ........................................................ 2
1.4 Figures .............................................................................................................. 3
1.4.1 Images ........................................................................................................ 3
1.4.2 Graphs, charts and tables ........................................................................... 3
1.4.3 Placement and captions .............................................................................. 3
2 Style and Usage..................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Language and spelling ...................................................................................... 4
2.2 Transliteration ................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Italicizing Turkish words .................................................................................... 4
2.4 Capitalization of terms....................................................................................... 5
2.5 Capitalization of titles ........................................................................................ 5
2.6 Institutions / organizations (translation / abbreviation) ...................................... 5
2.7 Courtesy translation of titles .............................................................................. 6
2.8 Original Turkish of translations .......................................................................... 6
2.9 Numbers ........................................................................................................... 7
2.9.1 Small numbers ............................................................................................ 7
2.9.2 Larger numbers .......................................................................................... 7
2.9.3 Percentages ................................................................................................ 8
2.9.4 Roman numerals ........................................................................................ 8
2.9.5 Ranges ....................................................................................................... 8
2.9.6 Currency ..................................................................................................... 8
2.9.7 Dates (Gregorian, Hicri, Rumi) .................................................................... 9
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
2.12 General punctuation ...................................................................................... 10
2.12.1 Punctuation with quotation marks / footnote numbers ............................. 10
2.12.2 Technical and/or “problematized” terms .................................................. 10
2.12.3 Parenthesis ............................................................................................. 10
3 Quotations and Citations .................................................................................... 11
3.1 Formatting quotations ..................................................................................... 11
3.2 Footnote citation style ..................................................................................... 12
3.3 Reference list contents .................................................................................... 12
3.4 Reference list style .......................................................................................... 13
3.5 Turkish legal citation (NYU School of Law JILP) ............................................. 13
3.5.1 Common Abbreviations ............................................................................. 13
3.5.2 Constitution ............................................................................................... 13
3.5.3 Legislation ................................................................................................. 13
3.5.4 Jurisprudence ........................................................................................... 14
3.5.5 Official Publications................................................................................... 15
4 Resources and links ........................................................................................... 16
4.1 Citation and referencing style resources ......................................................... 16
4.1.1 Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide (Notes and Bibliography) .................. 16
4.1.2 The full 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style .................................. 16
4.1.3 Legal citation guidance for Turkey ............................................................ 16
4.2 Language and spelling resources ................................................................... 16
4.2.1 Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (online) ..................................... 16
4.2.2 tureng.com Turkish-English translation service ......................................... 16
4.2.3 Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu) ..................................... 16
4.2.4 Lexilogos Ottoman page ........................................................................... 16
4.3 Date conversion resources ............................................................................. 17
4.3.1 Date Conversion Guide (Tarih Çevirme Kılavuzu) .................................... 17
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
Foreword
This guide has been prepared as a quick reference for NPT authors and deals with
commonly encountered issues when preparing manuscripts for NPT in particular and
in the field of Turkish studies more generally.
With a few minor exceptions, NPT follows the extensive style advice provided by the
16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Queries on general style and usage in
English texts may be directed to the official Chicago Manual website or the print
edition listed in the references and resources section. Nevertheless, where the
discipline and journal-specific advice given here contradicts the Chicago Manual, we
of course prefer that you follow our own house style.
We hope this advice will be useful to you, our authors, and help you to produce
manuscripts that can be edited quickly by our very small and partly voluntary editorial
team.
Respectfully,
The Editors
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
1 The Manuscript
1.1 Formatting the manuscript Manuscripts should be submitted in size 12 in a readable font (Times New Roman).
The main text and footnotes should both be double spaced and left-aligned (ragged
right). Formatting the manuscript in this way is a courtesy which aids screen
readability and the use of track changes and comment tools used in the editing and
review process.
NPT uses both footnotes and a final reference list. You must format all your citations
in line with the Notes and Bibliography style of the Chicago Manual of Style 16th
edition. Further information on the Notes and Bibliography style (also called the
Humanities Style) is available at the official website of the Chicago Manual of Style,
www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.
If you do not follow these guidelines you will be asked to reformat your paper prior
to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.
1.2 Completing the manuscript Authors are responsible for submitting a complete manuscript, including an abstract
of not more than 200 words, author affiliation(s) and contact details, and a final
reference list, a list of image credits, and all diagrams, tables, figures, captions, and
footnote citations.
It is not the responsibility of the editors to add material to your manuscript. If you do
not provide all the necessary sections you will be asked to add any missing material
prior to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.
1.3 NPT manuscript formats Please use the following as a check list to make sure you have included all the
necessary sections and information in your submission. For examples of the format
and style of completed articles and reviews, please see our website,
www.newperspectivesonturkey.net.
1.3.1 NPT Article format
• Length: Articles should not generally exceed 10,000 words, including
footnotes and final reference list.
• Title: Titles and subtitles in the article are to be capitalized sentence style
(i.e., only the first word and proper nouns), see 2.5 Capitalization of titles.
• Abstract: Articles carry an abstract of no more than 200 words under the title.
An abstract must give a sense of the focus, scope, argument and conclusions
of the whole paper.
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• Author(s)’ affiliation, postal address (including country), and e-mail address
should be written in an unnumbered note above the Author’s note (or, first
footnote).
• Author’s note: It may also be used for any acknowledgements.
• Footnotes and reference list: Follow Chicago Manual Notes and
Bibliography style (see
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
• 3.2 Footnote citation style and 3.4 Reference list style).
• Tables, figures and images: Provide these in a separate document (see
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• 1.4 Figures). Indicate their preferred placement in the main text, and provide a
full caption and citation/permission beneath (see 1.4.3 Placement and
captions).
1.3.2 NPT Book review format
• Length: Book reviews should not exceed 1,500 words.
• Title: Book reviews carry no title. The title of a book review is a full Chicago
bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, including the number of its
pages, including front matter, in the format, “xi + 321 pages.”
• References: References in the text to pages of the reviewed book appear in
brackets in the text preceded by the abbreviation p. / pp., e.g., (p. 21) or (pp.
21–23).
• Footnotes and reference list: Book reviews do not carry footnotes or a
reference list, and references to other works are discouraged. If citations of
secondary sources are absolutely necessary to the argument, they may be
placed inline in the text in Chicago footnote style. Nevertheless, placing a
book in the context of a wider secondary literature is generally the purpose of
a review article, not a book review.
1.3.4 NPT Review Article format Review articles follow article format with the following differences:
• Length: Review articles should not generally exceed 7,500 words, including
footnotes and final reference list.
• Title: Under the title of a review article, please list the books under review
with a full Chicago bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, listing the
number of its pages, including front matter, in the format, “xi + 321 pages.”
• Abstract: Review articles do not carry an abstract.
1.3.5 NPT Commentary and editorial format
Commentaries and editorials follow article format but do not carry an abstract.
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
1.4 Figures
1.4.1 Images Digital files of images should be of the maximum size and resolution possible, with a minimum resolution of 200 dpi, and are to be provided as separate files. Authors are responsible for acquiring their own image permissions.
1.4.2 Graphs, charts and tables Graphs, charts and tables are to be provided in a separate, editable document (either word processor or spreadsheet), not as static images. Authors are responsible for acquiring permission to use datasets and for the accuracy of the data they use.
1.4.3 Placement and captions The preferred location of all figures should be indicated in the main text, and a full caption and any source citation / permission provided beneath the location of each figure:
TABLE 1 ABOUT HERE
Table 1: Average Annual Growth Rates of GDP per capita (in percent)
Source: Based on Angus Maddison, Contours of the World Economy, 1-2030 AD,
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.
FIG 1 ABOUT HERE
Figure 1: Catalogue covers, “English Architecture Exhibition” (1944) and “British
Town Planning Exhibition” (1947) in Turkey.
Sources: İngiliz Mimarlık Sergisi (Ankara: Alaeddin Kıral Basımevi, 1944); and
Britanya Şehircilik Sergisi (Ankara: Milli Eǧitim Basımevi, 1947).
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2 Style and Usage
2.1 Language and spelling NPT publishes articles and reviews in English only. The preferred spelling is US
English, except in citations of works published in UK English. All non-English words
found in an unabridged US English dictionary should be treated as English words.
In line with Chicago manual advice, NPT follows the Merriam Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary as a source for standard US spellings, including hyphenated and
capitalized forms.
When spelling Turkish words and proper nouns, NPT always uses the additional
Turkish Latin characters: Â â Ç ç Ğ ǧ ı I î Ö ö Ü ü Ş ş, e.g.:
Çetin, Fırat, Gül, İstanbul, Eminönü, Şirin, Tekirdaǧ
2.2 Transliteration All non-Roman alphabets must be transliterated, and authors are responsible for the
consistency of their transliterations. Transliterated words and phrases should be in
italics on the first instance (see
2.3 Italicizing Turkish words In general, Turkish language words in the main text are to be italicized on first
mention to mark them as foreign terms and an English translation provided in
brackets, without quotation marks or italics. Subsequent uses of the term in the text
do not have to be italicized. By the same logic, where a Turkish language word is
usually calqued into English by convention, it is not necessary to italicize it. Thus:
The last instance is the architecture of Zöhre Ana’s dergâh (dervish lodge), which
represents a mixture of the architectural discourses of the tomb or (traditional) dergâh
and the state-sponsored ethnographic museum.
The author engages Tanzimat reform policies and the resulting cultural changes.
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
2.4 Capitalization of terms NPT follows standard US capitalization practices as per the Merriam Webster’s
Collegiate Dictionary (www.merriam-webster.com). The following is a list of
capitalizations commonly encountered in Turkish studies.
• (when referring to the “civilizations” rather than the directions) the East, the West, Western / Eastern values, intellectuals, etc. a Westerner, an
Easterner, Westernization, etc.
• early Republican period, Republican intellectuals, policies, etc.
• late Ottoman period, Ottoman intellectuals, policies, etc.
• the Ottoman Empire, subsequently, the Empire
• the Republic of Turkey / the Turkish Republic, subsequently, the Republic
• the Tanzimat
• the First Constitutional Era
• the Second Constitutional Era
• World War I / II
• the (Turkish) War of Independence
2.5 Capitalization of titles Titles of published works are always to be capitalized in headline style (i.e., all the
nouns and verbs, but not the articles or prepositions unless they begin a sentence or
subtitle). NPT applies this rule to Turkish titles even where the original title is in
sentence style, as in French or German titles. Thus:
Tekeli, İlhan. 2000. Modernite Aşılırken Kent Planlaması. Ankara: İmge.
2.6 Institutions / organizations (translation / abbreviation) The names and titles of Turkish institutions, organizations, laws, etc. should be given
in standard English translation with the full Turkish term provided in the main text in
brackets immediately after the first mention. Names or titles that are frequently
mentioned should be abbreviated in their most commonly used form, whether
Turkish or English initials, and the same initials used consistently throughout the
paper. Names or titles used once do not require abbreviation.
Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlıǧı) …
Kurdistan Worker’s Party (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan, PKK) … A PKK spokesman
Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, JDP) … JDP policy
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2.7 Courtesy translation of titles NPT is a specialist publication, read by scholars who usually have some familiarity
with Turkish language. Therefore, it is not necessary to give courtesy translations of
the titles of works originally published in Turkish (or other languages) in footnotes
and reference list. As the majority of sources for NPT articles are in Turkish and
languages other than English, such a practice would quickly become ungainly. Thus:
Adıvar, Halide Edip. 1937. Ateşten Gömlek. İstanbul: Muallim Ahmet Halit Kitap
Evi.
Aslanoǧlu, İnci. 1980. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlıǧı. Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlık
Fakültesi Basım İşliǧi.
Nevertheless, if the reader must understand the title of a work to follow the
argument, it may be translated in the main text or an explanatory footnote. In
citations, courtesy translations are to be enclosed in square brackets. In either case,
the main reference must remain in the original language. If a work is published in
English translation, it must be capitalized headline style, otherwise, sentence style.
Thus:
In Ateşten Gömlek (Daughter of Smyrna / The Shirt of Flame, 1921), Halide Edip
Adıvar constructs an allegory of national destiny through first person narrative.
1 See İnci Aslanoǧlu’s published doctoral thesis, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlıǧı
[Architecture of the early Republican period] (Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Basım İşliǧi,
1980) for more examples.
2.8 Original Turkish of translations Occasionally, it may be necessary to provide the original Turkish of a translated
phrase for clarification. Where possible, this should be done in brackets and italics
after the translated phrase and outside any quotation marks, but before punctuation.
Ayverdi argued that this policy was disadvantageous for Turkey and amounted to
feeding “weeds to a carnivore and meat to an herbivore” (Et yiyenin önüne ot, ot
yiyenin önüne et koymak).1
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2.9 Numbers NPT follows Chicago style with numbers (see chapter 9 of the Chicago Manual of
Style).
2.9.1 Small numbers Numbers less than 100—i.e., zero through ninety-nine—are written out in words
while percentages, document sections, dates and currency take Arabic numerals.
The İstanbul sex ratio in 2000 becomes increasingly skewed in favor of women as
they age. At the ages of sixty-five to sixty-nine, there are roughly nine men for every
ten women in that age group.
By age eighty, over one-third of widows but only 10 percent of widowers had moved
in with married children.
In chapter 3, Jacobson shows how the Sephardim’s perception of Ottomanism shifted
during the war.
2.9.2 Larger numbers For numbers from 100–999,999, NPT uses Arabic numerals with American
separators for thousands (,) and decimals (.). Thousands separators are not used for
page numbers:
In 2012, there were only 180 elder care facilities serving 12,000 individuals in all of
Turkey.
The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.
1 Svein Olav Daatland et al. “Balancing Generations,” Ageing and Society 31 (2011):
1168–70.
Numbers higher than 999,999 are written out with a combination of decimal numbers
and words:
The consulting firm has estimated the value at $ 3.2 billion in 2013.
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2.9.3 Percentages In the main text, percentages are written as Arabic numerals plus the word “percent.”
The abbreviated symbol % may only be used in tables, charts and figures:
The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.
1950-1980 1980-2010
Turkey 3.1% 2.4%
World 2.6% 2.0%
2.9.4 Roman numerals Roman numerals may be used to refer to rulers and wars, etc. All Roman numerals
referring to document sections in citations must be converted to Arabic numerals.
During World War I, German propagandists hoped that a call to jihad by Mehmet V
Reşad would sway Muslim soldiers to the Axis powers.
Faroqhi, Suraiya, and Kate Fleet. 2013. The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 2.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2.9.5 Ranges Ranges of dates or page numbers take a single en dash (–):
Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876–1909) was the last powerful sultan of the Empire.
1 See Laslett, “Necessary Knowledge,” 55–61.
2.9.6 Currency NPT uses the format “x TL.” However, new Turkish lira or YTL should be used for the
period between 2005–2008. Symbol usage should be consistent and historically
accurate throughout a paper and follow the rules for other currency symbols.
The company declared that it had made a loss of 215.5 trillion TL in 2003.
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
In 2009, the TBMM approved a budget of 10 million YTL for these purchases.
Indeed, the consulting firm has estimated the value at $3.2 billion in 2013.
The decimal division of the Turkish lira is the kuruş. It is not necessary to notate
kuruş separately, hence nine Turkish lira and ninety-nine kuruş may now simply be
written as 9.99 TL.
2.9.7 Dates (Gregorian, Hicri, Rumi) Dates in the main text are to be given in Gregorian (Miladi) form following US
(Chicago) date style. Decades may be written in plural form.
Turgut Özal was elected to the prime ministry in December 1983.
On January 24, 1980, the Demirel government introduced an ambitious liberalization
program.
Fiscal and current account deficits accompanied this development trajectory in the
1960s and 1970s.
Where a Hicri or Rumi date appears inside a citation or would be necessary to
identify a source, the Gregorian equivalent should be given in square brackets
immediately afterwards:
An article published in the Ottoman Painter’s Society’s official 1911 Regulations
(Nizamname) states that “the Society is under no circumstances to engage in political
matters.”1
1 Osmanlı Ressamlar Cemiyeti Nizamname-i Esasisi (Dersaadet: Bekir Efendi
Matbaası, 1327 [1911]).
Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their dating. For help converting between
Gregorian, Hicri and Rumi dates, see 4.3 Date conversion resources.
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2.12 General punctuation
2.12.1 Punctuation with quotation marks / footnote numbers Periods, commas, question marks, semicolons, etc., should always come before
closing quotation marks and footnote numbers should come after everything:
Abdülhamid was referred to disparagingly as “The Red Sultan,” “The Great
Assassin,” and “Abdul the Damned” by his contemporaries in the West.6
The author has elsewhere referred to İstanbul as a “city of families.”1
2.12.2 Technical and/or “problematized” terms NPT uses double quotation marks to signify technical and/or “problematized” terms.
That said, the incessant “problematizing” of “problematic” terms can be a “problem”
as it is often unnecessary and can be rather distracting.
Indeed, this anxiety was also reflected in the Sephardim’s “inclusive” form of
Zionism, which differed from the more “exclusive” forms popular among the
Ashkenazi.
2.12.3 Parenthesis In dashed parenthesis, NPT uses an em dash (—) without leaving space after or
before the words:
Modes of care may have to be adjusted to the various stages of the life course of the
elderly—particularly women—as they shift from care-givers to receivers.
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
3 Quotations and Citations
3.1 Formatting quotations To enclose quoted material of less than three lines or ~40 words, NPT uses double
quotes (curly). Quotes within quotes are enclosed in single quotation marks. The
footnote number comes after the closed quotation marks:
Ayverdi provided an overall critique of the right-wing policy of investing mainly in the
economy, while ignoring “the most important ‘capital’: human beings.”1
For quoted material of more than three lines or ~40 words, format it as a block quote
inset by a tab space without any quotation marks. In a manuscript, it is not necessary
to change the style, line spacing, or font, etc., of quotations. Quotes within block
quotes are enclosed in double quotation marks. The footnote number comes after
the period in the final sentence:
Oǧuz Atay has the protagonist deliver a little lecture burlesquing the curricular
language of history and geography classes in Turkish schools:
Our country is a piece of land, four-cornered in general, many-cornered in
particular, surrounded by the seas from some sides, and by other countries
from other sides. Where our country is not surrounded by water, it is bordered
by dotted lines [...] Along these “borders,” the longer lines show the buildings,
and the dots show the watch towers. These, when seen from above, look like
maps.1
For changes to quoted material, NPT uses square brackets around inserted words and around an ellipsis to indicate cuts. Capitalization may be changed without any indication in square brackets.
The editors of a recent volume on the subject state that “transfers […] to dependent
populations [children and the elderly] dominate all other transfers in any economy.”1
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3.2 Footnote citation style NPT follows Chicago Manual Notes and Bibliography style. For a quick all-purpose
reference, refer to the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide to the Notes and
Bibliography style, available at the official website of the Chicago Manual of Style
(www.chicagomanualofstyle.org). For more detailed advice, refer to chapter 14 of the
manual. For a very brief overview, see below:
1. Use a full footnote style citation on the first mention of a work.
1 İlhan Tekeli, Modernite Aşılırken Kent Planlaması (Ankara: İmge, 2000), 34.
2. When references to the same work follow without interruption use the
abbreviation Ibid. in Roman, not italic.
2 Ibid., 35.
3. For subsequent mentions, use a shortened form (~2-4 words) of the citation,
with the author surname, short title, and any page/part reference.
10 Tekeli, Modernite Aşılırken, 32.
3.3 Reference list contents Reference lists are a quick guide to the published sources referred to in your article.
The following types of source must always be listed:
o books
o e-books
o journal articles
o online journal articles
o collected periodical editions/collections (where significant or primary
sources)
o published conference proceedings, reports, interviews, correspondence, theses, dissertations, etc.
o published or unpublished theses and dissertations
o archival sources
o individual newspaper / magazine / news website articles
The following types of unpublished sources should NOT be included in a final
reference list:
o papers and lectures
o websites (and informally published online documents)
o personal correspondence
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
3.4 Reference list style Reference lists are to be formatted in “hanging” style (second line inset by a tab
space or 1.27cm). Subsequent works by the same author in the bibliography are
listed with a two-em-dash.
Ahmad, Feroz. 2000. “Ottoman Perceptions of the Capitulations, 1800–1914,”
Journal of Islamic Studies 11, no. 1: 1–20.
——. 1995. İttihat ve Terakki 1908-1914. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
3.5 Turkish legal citation (NYU School of Law JILP) This section is reproduced verbatim from the New York University School of Law,
Journal of International Law and Politics, Guide to Foreign and International Legal
Citations, First Edition, 2006 pp. 200–205. For a link to the original, see 4.1 Citation
and referencing style resources.
TURKEY
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (The Turkish Republic) […]
II. CITATION GUIDE
There is no uniform code of citation in Turkey. The following represents the most
accepted citation practice, but they are not adhered to by all authors.
3.5.1 Common Abbreviations Common abbreviations in Turkish include article (“madde” or “m.”), paragraph
(“fikra” or “f.”) and page (“s.”)
3.5.2 Constitution Cite the Constitution by title (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası) or abbreviated title
(“T.C. Ana.” or “Ana.”), and subdivision referenced (see Section 0.1):
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası Madde 3.
T.C. Ana. m.3.
Ana. m.3.
3.5.3 Legislation
Statutes, Laws, Regulations, Decrees
Cite statutes, laws, regulations, and decrees by short title or abbreviated title, and
subdivision(s) referenced:
Vergi Usul Kanunu Madde 20 fıkra 3 [Tax Procedure Code, Article 20 paragraph 3].
VUK. m. 20 f. 3.
More formally, cite a code as a whole by title, law number, followed by the official
gazette in which it is published by title, date and number, and date of enactment:
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NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY
Türk Medeni Kanunu, Kanun No.: 743 R.G.: 04.04.1926 Sayı: 339, Kabul Tarihi:
17.02.1926.
Turkish Civil Code, Law No.: 743 Official Gazette [Resmi Gazete = R.G.], 4 April
1926 No. 339, enacted: 17 February 1926.
Codes
Other legislative sources of law use the same citation form as codes, including
statutory decrees (kanun hükmünde kararnameler), regulations (tüzük), and bylaws
(yönetmelik).
Cite codes by abbreviated name and article: TTK. m. 741.
MK. m. 17.
The abbreviations of major Codes are:
Constitution: Anayasa (Ana.)
Code of Obligations: Borçlar Kanunu (BK.)
Code of Criminal Procedure: Ceza Muhakemeleri Usulü Kanunu (CMUK.)
Code of Civil Procedure: Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HUMK.)
Execution, Enforcement of Judgments, and Bankruptcy Code: Icra ve Iflas Kanunu
(IIK.)
Code of Administrative Trial Procedure: İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu (IYUK.)
Civil Code: Medeni Kanun (MK.)
Turkish Penal Code: Türk Ceza Kanunu (TCK.)
Turkish Commercial Code: Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK.)
3.5.4 Jurisprudence Cite cases by name of the court, chamber number, the words “Esas No.” (Case No.), year and number of the case, the words “Karar No.” (Judgment No.), year and number of the judgment, and the reporter in which the case is published by title, year, number and page referenced (in parentheses). Elements may be abbreviated as shown below the full citations:
Danıştay 7. Daire, Esas No. 1987/501, Karar No. 1987/1471 (Danıştay Dergisi, 1988,
sayı 68-69, sayfa 476) [Council of State Journal, 1988, No. 68-69, p. 476].
DS. 7. D., E. 1987/501, K. 1987/1471 (DD, 1988, S. 68-69, s. 476).
3. Hukuk Dairesi, 15.9.1986, Esas No. 7949, Karar No. 8017 (Yargıtay Kararları
Dergisi, 1986 sayı 11, sh.1616) [Court of Cassation Journal, 1986, No. 11, p. 1616].
3. HD. 15.9.1986, E 7949, K 8017 (YKD, 1986, s.11 sh.1616).
Reporters
The official reporters (and abbreviations) are: Constitutional Court Journal: Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararları Dergisi (AMKD)
Council of State Journal: Danıştay Dergisi (DD)
Court of Cassation Journal: Yargıtay Kararları Dergisi (YKD)
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
Courts Superior Courts
Constitutional Court: Anayasa Mahkemesi
Court of Appeals
Council of State: Danıştay
Military Tribunal of Appeals
Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi
Court of Jurisdictional Dispute
Court of Accounts
Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors
Courts of Justice
Civil Courts of Peace: Sulh Hukuk Hakimliǧi
Civil Courts of First Instance: Asliye Hukuk Hakimliǧi
Commercial Courts: Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi
Criminal Courts of the Peace: Sulh Ceza Hakimliǧi
Criminal Courts of First Instance: Asliye Ceza Hakimliǧi
Aggravated Felony Courts: Aǧır Ceza Mahkemesi
State Security Courts: Devlet Güvenlik Mahkemesi
Execution Investigation Authority: Icra Tetkik Hakimliǧi
443 Land registration and survey courts: Cadastre
Administrative Courts
The Council of State: Danıştay
Administrative Courts and Tax Courts: Idare ve Vergi Hukuku Mahkemeleri
Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi
Military Courts
Military Criminal Courts: Askeri Ceza Mahkemesi
The Military Criminal Court of Cassation: Askeri Yargıtay
[…]
3.5.5 Official Publications Cite official publications by title, date, item number, and page
referenced: R.G. 28.10.1987, sa. 19618 s.8.
The Official Gazette (Resmi Gazete, R.G.) contains all legislation, as well as the
decisions of the Constitutional Court (Anayasa Mahkemesi), the Council of State
(Danıştay), and the Court of Cassation (Yargıtay).
[…]
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NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY
4 Resources and links
4.1 Citation and referencing style resources
4.1.1 Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide (Notes and Bibliography) Use this as a quick reference for formatting the most common types of citations.
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
4.1.2 The full 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style Use chapter 14, Notes and Bibliography for detailed help with citation format.
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch14/ch14_toc.html
4.1.3 Legal citation guidance for Turkey The Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, First Edition, 2006 was
prepared by the New York University School of Law for their Journal of International
Law and Politics. It follows the legal citation style outlined in the Harvard Bluebook
as recommended by the Chicago Manual of Style. The Turkey section is on pages
200–205.
http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Final_GFILC_pdf.pdf
4.2 Language and spelling resources
4.2.1 Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (online) Use this dictionary as a guide to standard US spelling, capitalization, and
hyphenation.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/
4.2.2 tureng.com Turkish-English translation service This is by far the best Turkish-English translation engine currently available.
http://tureng.com/index
4.2.3 Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu)
The dictionaries contain the standard usages of modern Turkish. Use the unabridged
dictionary (büyük sözlük) for details of etymology, etc.
http://www.tdk.gov.tr/
4.2.4 Lexilogos Ottoman page A list of online resources and references for Ottoman Turkish
http://www.lexilogos.com/english/ottoman_turkish_dictionary.htm
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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
4.3 Date conversion resources
4.3.1 Date Conversion Guide (Tarih Çevirme Kılavuzu) Use this widget by Ahmet Murat Aytaç to convert between Hicri and Rumi Ottoman
dates and their Gregorian Republican equivalents.
http://193.255.138.2/takvim.asp