Style Guide for Authors - cambridge.org

Style Guide for Authors

New Perspectives on Turkey

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-perspectives-on-turkey

First prepared July 2014 by Yan Overfield Shaw, Manuscript Editor

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NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY

Contents

Foreword ................................................................................................................... 1

1 The Manuscript ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Formatting the manuscript ................................................................................ 1

1.2 Completing the manuscript ............................................................................... 1

1.3 NPT manuscript formats ................................................................................... 1

1.3.1 NPT Article format ...................................................................................... 1

1.3.2 NPT Book review format ............................................................................. 2

1.3.4 NPT Review Article format .......................................................................... 2

1.3.5 NPT Commentary and editorial format ........................................................ 2

1.4 Figures .............................................................................................................. 3

1.4.1 Images ........................................................................................................ 3

1.4.2 Graphs, charts and tables ........................................................................... 3

1.4.3 Placement and captions .............................................................................. 3

2 Style and Usage..................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Language and spelling ...................................................................................... 4

2.2 Transliteration ................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Italicizing Turkish words .................................................................................... 4

2.4 Capitalization of terms....................................................................................... 5

2.5 Capitalization of titles ........................................................................................ 5

2.6 Institutions / organizations (translation / abbreviation) ...................................... 5

2.7 Courtesy translation of titles .............................................................................. 6

2.8 Original Turkish of translations .......................................................................... 6

2.9 Numbers ........................................................................................................... 7

2.9.1 Small numbers ............................................................................................ 7

2.9.2 Larger numbers .......................................................................................... 7

2.9.3 Percentages ................................................................................................ 8

2.9.4 Roman numerals ........................................................................................ 8

2.9.5 Ranges ....................................................................................................... 8

2.9.6 Currency ..................................................................................................... 8

2.9.7 Dates (Gregorian, Hicri, Rumi) .................................................................... 9

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STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

2.12 General punctuation ...................................................................................... 10

2.12.1 Punctuation with quotation marks / footnote numbers ............................. 10

2.12.2 Technical and/or “problematized” terms .................................................. 10

2.12.3 Parenthesis ............................................................................................. 10

3 Quotations and Citations .................................................................................... 11

3.1 Formatting quotations ..................................................................................... 11

3.2 Footnote citation style ..................................................................................... 12

3.3 Reference list contents .................................................................................... 12

3.4 Reference list style .......................................................................................... 13

3.5 Turkish legal citation (NYU School of Law JILP) ............................................. 13

3.5.1 Common Abbreviations ............................................................................. 13

3.5.2 Constitution ............................................................................................... 13

3.5.3 Legislation ................................................................................................. 13

3.5.4 Jurisprudence ........................................................................................... 14

3.5.5 Official Publications................................................................................... 15

4 Resources and links ........................................................................................... 16

4.1 Citation and referencing style resources ......................................................... 16

4.1.1 Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide (Notes and Bibliography) .................. 16

4.1.2 The full 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style .................................. 16

4.1.3 Legal citation guidance for Turkey ............................................................ 16

4.2 Language and spelling resources ................................................................... 16

4.2.1 Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (online) ..................................... 16

4.2.2 tureng.com Turkish-English translation service ......................................... 16

4.2.3 Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu) ..................................... 16

4.2.4 Lexilogos Ottoman page ........................................................................... 16

4.3 Date conversion resources ............................................................................. 17

4.3.1 Date Conversion Guide (Tarih Çevirme Kılavuzu) .................................... 17

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Foreword

This guide has been prepared as a quick reference for NPT authors and deals with

commonly encountered issues when preparing manuscripts for NPT in particular and

in the field of Turkish studies more generally.

With a few minor exceptions, NPT follows the extensive style advice provided by the

16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Queries on general style and usage in

English texts may be directed to the official Chicago Manual website or the print

edition listed in the references and resources section. Nevertheless, where the

discipline and journal-specific advice given here contradicts the Chicago Manual, we

of course prefer that you follow our own house style.

We hope this advice will be useful to you, our authors, and help you to produce

manuscripts that can be edited quickly by our very small and partly voluntary editorial

team.

Respectfully,

The Editors

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1 The Manuscript

1.1 Formatting the manuscript Manuscripts should be submitted in size 12 in a readable font (Times New Roman).

The main text and footnotes should both be double spaced and left-aligned (ragged

right). Formatting the manuscript in this way is a courtesy which aids screen

readability and the use of track changes and comment tools used in the editing and

review process.

NPT uses both footnotes and a final reference list. You must format all your citations

in line with the Notes and Bibliography style of the Chicago Manual of Style 16th

edition. Further information on the Notes and Bibliography style (also called the

Humanities Style) is available at the official website of the Chicago Manual of Style,

www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.

If you do not follow these guidelines you will be asked to reformat your paper prior

to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.

1.2 Completing the manuscript Authors are responsible for submitting a complete manuscript, including an abstract

of not more than 200 words, author affiliation(s) and contact details, and a final

reference list, a list of image credits, and all diagrams, tables, figures, captions, and

footnote citations.

It is not the responsibility of the editors to add material to your manuscript. If you do

not provide all the necessary sections you will be asked to add any missing material

prior to editing and this may ultimately cause publication delays.

1.3 NPT manuscript formats Please use the following as a check list to make sure you have included all the

necessary sections and information in your submission. For examples of the format

and style of completed articles and reviews, please see our website,

www.newperspectivesonturkey.net.

1.3.1 NPT Article format

• Length: Articles should not generally exceed 10,000 words, including

footnotes and final reference list.

• Title: Titles and subtitles in the article are to be capitalized sentence style

(i.e., only the first word and proper nouns), see 2.5 Capitalization of titles.

• Abstract: Articles carry an abstract of no more than 200 words under the title.

An abstract must give a sense of the focus, scope, argument and conclusions

of the whole paper.

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/

http://www.newperspectivesonturkey.net/

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• Author(s)’ affiliation, postal address (including country), and e-mail address

should be written in an unnumbered note above the Author’s note (or, first

footnote).

• Author’s note: It may also be used for any acknowledgements.

• Footnotes and reference list: Follow Chicago Manual Notes and

Bibliography style (see

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• 3.2 Footnote citation style and 3.4 Reference list style).

• Tables, figures and images: Provide these in a separate document (see

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• 1.4 Figures). Indicate their preferred placement in the main text, and provide a

full caption and citation/permission beneath (see 1.4.3 Placement and

captions).

1.3.2 NPT Book review format

• Length: Book reviews should not exceed 1,500 words.

• Title: Book reviews carry no title. The title of a book review is a full Chicago

bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, including the number of its

pages, including front matter, in the format, “xi + 321 pages.”

• References: References in the text to pages of the reviewed book appear in

brackets in the text preceded by the abbreviation p. / pp., e.g., (p. 21) or (pp.

21–23).

• Footnotes and reference list: Book reviews do not carry footnotes or a

reference list, and references to other works are discouraged. If citations of

secondary sources are absolutely necessary to the argument, they may be

placed inline in the text in Chicago footnote style. Nevertheless, placing a

book in the context of a wider secondary literature is generally the purpose of

a review article, not a book review.

1.3.4 NPT Review Article format Review articles follow article format with the following differences:

• Length: Review articles should not generally exceed 7,500 words, including

footnotes and final reference list.

• Title: Under the title of a review article, please list the books under review

with a full Chicago bibliographical reference to the reviewed book, listing the

number of its pages, including front matter, in the format, “xi + 321 pages.”

• Abstract: Review articles do not carry an abstract.

1.3.5 NPT Commentary and editorial format

Commentaries and editorials follow article format but do not carry an abstract.

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1.4 Figures

1.4.1 Images Digital files of images should be of the maximum size and resolution possible, with a minimum resolution of 200 dpi, and are to be provided as separate files. Authors are responsible for acquiring their own image permissions.

1.4.2 Graphs, charts and tables Graphs, charts and tables are to be provided in a separate, editable document (either word processor or spreadsheet), not as static images. Authors are responsible for acquiring permission to use datasets and for the accuracy of the data they use.

1.4.3 Placement and captions The preferred location of all figures should be indicated in the main text, and a full caption and any source citation / permission provided beneath the location of each figure:

TABLE 1 ABOUT HERE

Table 1: Average Annual Growth Rates of GDP per capita (in percent)

Source: Based on Angus Maddison, Contours of the World Economy, 1-2030 AD,

Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.

FIG 1 ABOUT HERE

Figure 1: Catalogue covers, “English Architecture Exhibition” (1944) and “British

Town Planning Exhibition” (1947) in Turkey.

Sources: İngiliz Mimarlık Sergisi (Ankara: Alaeddin Kıral Basımevi, 1944); and

Britanya Şehircilik Sergisi (Ankara: Milli Eǧitim Basımevi, 1947).

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2 Style and Usage

2.1 Language and spelling NPT publishes articles and reviews in English only. The preferred spelling is US

English, except in citations of works published in UK English. All non-English words

found in an unabridged US English dictionary should be treated as English words.

In line with Chicago manual advice, NPT follows the Merriam Webster's Collegiate

Dictionary as a source for standard US spellings, including hyphenated and

capitalized forms.

When spelling Turkish words and proper nouns, NPT always uses the additional

Turkish Latin characters: Â â Ç ç Ğ ǧ ı I î Ö ö Ü ü Ş ş, e.g.:

Çetin, Fırat, Gül, İstanbul, Eminönü, Şirin, Tekirdaǧ

2.2 Transliteration All non-Roman alphabets must be transliterated, and authors are responsible for the

consistency of their transliterations. Transliterated words and phrases should be in

italics on the first instance (see

2.3 Italicizing Turkish words In general, Turkish language words in the main text are to be italicized on first

mention to mark them as foreign terms and an English translation provided in

brackets, without quotation marks or italics. Subsequent uses of the term in the text

do not have to be italicized. By the same logic, where a Turkish language word is

usually calqued into English by convention, it is not necessary to italicize it. Thus:

The last instance is the architecture of Zöhre Ana’s dergâh (dervish lodge), which

represents a mixture of the architectural discourses of the tomb or (traditional) dergâh

and the state-sponsored ethnographic museum.

The author engages Tanzimat reform policies and the resulting cultural changes.

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2.4 Capitalization of terms NPT follows standard US capitalization practices as per the Merriam Webster’s

Collegiate Dictionary (www.merriam-webster.com). The following is a list of

capitalizations commonly encountered in Turkish studies.

• (when referring to the “civilizations” rather than the directions) the East, the West, Western / Eastern values, intellectuals, etc. a Westerner, an

Easterner, Westernization, etc.

• early Republican period, Republican intellectuals, policies, etc.

• late Ottoman period, Ottoman intellectuals, policies, etc.

• the Ottoman Empire, subsequently, the Empire

• the Republic of Turkey / the Turkish Republic, subsequently, the Republic

• the Tanzimat

• the First Constitutional Era

• the Second Constitutional Era

• World War I / II

• the (Turkish) War of Independence

2.5 Capitalization of titles Titles of published works are always to be capitalized in headline style (i.e., all the

nouns and verbs, but not the articles or prepositions unless they begin a sentence or

subtitle). NPT applies this rule to Turkish titles even where the original title is in

sentence style, as in French or German titles. Thus:

Tekeli, İlhan. 2000. Modernite Aşılırken Kent Planlaması. Ankara: İmge.

2.6 Institutions / organizations (translation / abbreviation) The names and titles of Turkish institutions, organizations, laws, etc. should be given

in standard English translation with the full Turkish term provided in the main text in

brackets immediately after the first mention. Names or titles that are frequently

mentioned should be abbreviated in their most commonly used form, whether

Turkish or English initials, and the same initials used consistently throughout the

paper. Names or titles used once do not require abbreviation.

Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlıǧı) …

Kurdistan Worker’s Party (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan, PKK) … A PKK spokesman

Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, JDP) … JDP policy

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2.7 Courtesy translation of titles NPT is a specialist publication, read by scholars who usually have some familiarity

with Turkish language. Therefore, it is not necessary to give courtesy translations of

the titles of works originally published in Turkish (or other languages) in footnotes

and reference list. As the majority of sources for NPT articles are in Turkish and

languages other than English, such a practice would quickly become ungainly. Thus:

Adıvar, Halide Edip. 1937. Ateşten Gömlek. İstanbul: Muallim Ahmet Halit Kitap

Evi.

Aslanoǧlu, İnci. 1980. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlıǧı. Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlık

Fakültesi Basım İşliǧi.

Nevertheless, if the reader must understand the title of a work to follow the

argument, it may be translated in the main text or an explanatory footnote. In

citations, courtesy translations are to be enclosed in square brackets. In either case,

the main reference must remain in the original language. If a work is published in

English translation, it must be capitalized headline style, otherwise, sentence style.

Thus:

In Ateşten Gömlek (Daughter of Smyrna / The Shirt of Flame, 1921), Halide Edip

Adıvar constructs an allegory of national destiny through first person narrative.

1 See İnci Aslanoǧlu’s published doctoral thesis, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlıǧı

[Architecture of the early Republican period] (Ankara: ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Basım İşliǧi,

1980) for more examples.

2.8 Original Turkish of translations Occasionally, it may be necessary to provide the original Turkish of a translated

phrase for clarification. Where possible, this should be done in brackets and italics

after the translated phrase and outside any quotation marks, but before punctuation.

Ayverdi argued that this policy was disadvantageous for Turkey and amounted to

feeding “weeds to a carnivore and meat to an herbivore” (Et yiyenin önüne ot, ot

yiyenin önüne et koymak).1

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2.9 Numbers NPT follows Chicago style with numbers (see chapter 9 of the Chicago Manual of

Style).

2.9.1 Small numbers Numbers less than 100—i.e., zero through ninety-nine—are written out in words

while percentages, document sections, dates and currency take Arabic numerals.

The İstanbul sex ratio in 2000 becomes increasingly skewed in favor of women as

they age. At the ages of sixty-five to sixty-nine, there are roughly nine men for every

ten women in that age group.

By age eighty, over one-third of widows but only 10 percent of widowers had moved

in with married children.

In chapter 3, Jacobson shows how the Sephardim’s perception of Ottomanism shifted

during the war.

2.9.2 Larger numbers For numbers from 100–999,999, NPT uses Arabic numerals with American

separators for thousands (,) and decimals (.). Thousands separators are not used for

page numbers:

In 2012, there were only 180 elder care facilities serving 12,000 individuals in all of

Turkey.

The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.

1 Svein Olav Daatland et al. “Balancing Generations,” Ageing and Society 31 (2011):

1168–70.

Numbers higher than 999,999 are written out with a combination of decimal numbers

and words:

The consulting firm has estimated the value at $ 3.2 billion in 2013.

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2.9.3 Percentages In the main text, percentages are written as Arabic numerals plus the word “percent.”

The abbreviated symbol % may only be used in tables, charts and figures:

The ratio of the elderly to the active population was 5.3 percent in 1907.

1950-1980 1980-2010

Turkey 3.1% 2.4%

World 2.6% 2.0%

2.9.4 Roman numerals Roman numerals may be used to refer to rulers and wars, etc. All Roman numerals

referring to document sections in citations must be converted to Arabic numerals.

During World War I, German propagandists hoped that a call to jihad by Mehmet V

Reşad would sway Muslim soldiers to the Axis powers.

Faroqhi, Suraiya, and Kate Fleet. 2013. The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 2.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2.9.5 Ranges Ranges of dates or page numbers take a single en dash (–):

Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876–1909) was the last powerful sultan of the Empire.

1 See Laslett, “Necessary Knowledge,” 55–61.

2.9.6 Currency NPT uses the format “x TL.” However, new Turkish lira or YTL should be used for the

period between 2005–2008. Symbol usage should be consistent and historically

accurate throughout a paper and follow the rules for other currency symbols.

The company declared that it had made a loss of 215.5 trillion TL in 2003.

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In 2009, the TBMM approved a budget of 10 million YTL for these purchases.

Indeed, the consulting firm has estimated the value at $3.2 billion in 2013.

The decimal division of the Turkish lira is the kuruş. It is not necessary to notate

kuruş separately, hence nine Turkish lira and ninety-nine kuruş may now simply be

written as 9.99 TL.

2.9.7 Dates (Gregorian, Hicri, Rumi) Dates in the main text are to be given in Gregorian (Miladi) form following US

(Chicago) date style. Decades may be written in plural form.

Turgut Özal was elected to the prime ministry in December 1983.

On January 24, 1980, the Demirel government introduced an ambitious liberalization

program.

Fiscal and current account deficits accompanied this development trajectory in the

1960s and 1970s.

Where a Hicri or Rumi date appears inside a citation or would be necessary to

identify a source, the Gregorian equivalent should be given in square brackets

immediately afterwards:

An article published in the Ottoman Painter’s Society’s official 1911 Regulations

(Nizamname) states that “the Society is under no circumstances to engage in political

matters.”1

1 Osmanlı Ressamlar Cemiyeti Nizamname-i Esasisi (Dersaadet: Bekir Efendi

Matbaası, 1327 [1911]).

Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their dating. For help converting between

Gregorian, Hicri and Rumi dates, see 4.3 Date conversion resources.

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2.12 General punctuation

2.12.1 Punctuation with quotation marks / footnote numbers Periods, commas, question marks, semicolons, etc., should always come before

closing quotation marks and footnote numbers should come after everything:

Abdülhamid was referred to disparagingly as “The Red Sultan,” “The Great

Assassin,” and “Abdul the Damned” by his contemporaries in the West.6

The author has elsewhere referred to İstanbul as a “city of families.”1

2.12.2 Technical and/or “problematized” terms NPT uses double quotation marks to signify technical and/or “problematized” terms.

That said, the incessant “problematizing” of “problematic” terms can be a “problem”

as it is often unnecessary and can be rather distracting.

Indeed, this anxiety was also reflected in the Sephardim’s “inclusive” form of

Zionism, which differed from the more “exclusive” forms popular among the

Ashkenazi.

2.12.3 Parenthesis In dashed parenthesis, NPT uses an em dash (—) without leaving space after or

before the words:

Modes of care may have to be adjusted to the various stages of the life course of the

elderly—particularly women—as they shift from care-givers to receivers.

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3 Quotations and Citations

3.1 Formatting quotations To enclose quoted material of less than three lines or ~40 words, NPT uses double

quotes (curly). Quotes within quotes are enclosed in single quotation marks. The

footnote number comes after the closed quotation marks:

Ayverdi provided an overall critique of the right-wing policy of investing mainly in the

economy, while ignoring “the most important ‘capital’: human beings.”1

For quoted material of more than three lines or ~40 words, format it as a block quote

inset by a tab space without any quotation marks. In a manuscript, it is not necessary

to change the style, line spacing, or font, etc., of quotations. Quotes within block

quotes are enclosed in double quotation marks. The footnote number comes after

the period in the final sentence:

Oǧuz Atay has the protagonist deliver a little lecture burlesquing the curricular

language of history and geography classes in Turkish schools:

Our country is a piece of land, four-cornered in general, many-cornered in

particular, surrounded by the seas from some sides, and by other countries

from other sides. Where our country is not surrounded by water, it is bordered

by dotted lines [...] Along these “borders,” the longer lines show the buildings,

and the dots show the watch towers. These, when seen from above, look like

maps.1

For changes to quoted material, NPT uses square brackets around inserted words and around an ellipsis to indicate cuts. Capitalization may be changed without any indication in square brackets.

The editors of a recent volume on the subject state that “transfers […] to dependent

populations [children and the elderly] dominate all other transfers in any economy.”1

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3.2 Footnote citation style NPT follows Chicago Manual Notes and Bibliography style. For a quick all-purpose

reference, refer to the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide to the Notes and

Bibliography style, available at the official website of the Chicago Manual of Style

(www.chicagomanualofstyle.org). For more detailed advice, refer to chapter 14 of the

manual. For a very brief overview, see below:

1. Use a full footnote style citation on the first mention of a work.

1 İlhan Tekeli, Modernite Aşılırken Kent Planlaması (Ankara: İmge, 2000), 34.

2. When references to the same work follow without interruption use the

abbreviation Ibid. in Roman, not italic.

2 Ibid., 35.

3. For subsequent mentions, use a shortened form (~2-4 words) of the citation,

with the author surname, short title, and any page/part reference.

10 Tekeli, Modernite Aşılırken, 32.

3.3 Reference list contents Reference lists are a quick guide to the published sources referred to in your article.

The following types of source must always be listed:

o books

o e-books

o journal articles

o online journal articles

o collected periodical editions/collections (where significant or primary

sources)

o published conference proceedings, reports, interviews, correspondence, theses, dissertations, etc.

o published or unpublished theses and dissertations

o archival sources

o individual newspaper / magazine / news website articles

The following types of unpublished sources should NOT be included in a final

reference list:

o papers and lectures

o websites (and informally published online documents)

o personal correspondence

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3.4 Reference list style Reference lists are to be formatted in “hanging” style (second line inset by a tab

space or 1.27cm). Subsequent works by the same author in the bibliography are

listed with a two-em-dash.

Ahmad, Feroz. 2000. “Ottoman Perceptions of the Capitulations, 1800–1914,”

Journal of Islamic Studies 11, no. 1: 1–20.

——. 1995. İttihat ve Terakki 1908-1914. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.

3.5 Turkish legal citation (NYU School of Law JILP) This section is reproduced verbatim from the New York University School of Law,

Journal of International Law and Politics, Guide to Foreign and International Legal

Citations, First Edition, 2006 pp. 200–205. For a link to the original, see 4.1 Citation

and referencing style resources.

TURKEY

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (The Turkish Republic) […]

II. CITATION GUIDE

There is no uniform code of citation in Turkey. The following represents the most

accepted citation practice, but they are not adhered to by all authors.

3.5.1 Common Abbreviations Common abbreviations in Turkish include article (“madde” or “m.”), paragraph

(“fikra” or “f.”) and page (“s.”)

3.5.2 Constitution Cite the Constitution by title (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası) or abbreviated title

(“T.C. Ana.” or “Ana.”), and subdivision referenced (see Section 0.1):

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası Madde 3.

T.C. Ana. m.3.

Ana. m.3.

3.5.3 Legislation

Statutes, Laws, Regulations, Decrees

Cite statutes, laws, regulations, and decrees by short title or abbreviated title, and

subdivision(s) referenced:

Vergi Usul Kanunu Madde 20 fıkra 3 [Tax Procedure Code, Article 20 paragraph 3].

VUK. m. 20 f. 3.

More formally, cite a code as a whole by title, law number, followed by the official

gazette in which it is published by title, date and number, and date of enactment:

16


Türk Medeni Kanunu, Kanun No.: 743 R.G.: 04.04.1926 Sayı: 339, Kabul Tarihi:

17.02.1926.

Turkish Civil Code, Law No.: 743 Official Gazette [Resmi Gazete = R.G.], 4 April

1926 No. 339, enacted: 17 February 1926.

Codes

Other legislative sources of law use the same citation form as codes, including

statutory decrees (kanun hükmünde kararnameler), regulations (tüzük), and bylaws

(yönetmelik).

Cite codes by abbreviated name and article: TTK. m. 741.

MK. m. 17.

The abbreviations of major Codes are:

Constitution: Anayasa (Ana.)

Code of Obligations: Borçlar Kanunu (BK.)

Code of Criminal Procedure: Ceza Muhakemeleri Usulü Kanunu (CMUK.)

Code of Civil Procedure: Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu (HUMK.)

Execution, Enforcement of Judgments, and Bankruptcy Code: Icra ve Iflas Kanunu

(IIK.)

Code of Administrative Trial Procedure: İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu (IYUK.)

Civil Code: Medeni Kanun (MK.)

Turkish Penal Code: Türk Ceza Kanunu (TCK.)

Turkish Commercial Code: Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK.)

3.5.4 Jurisprudence Cite cases by name of the court, chamber number, the words “Esas No.” (Case No.), year and number of the case, the words “Karar No.” (Judgment No.), year and number of the judgment, and the reporter in which the case is published by title, year, number and page referenced (in parentheses). Elements may be abbreviated as shown below the full citations:

Danıştay 7. Daire, Esas No. 1987/501, Karar No. 1987/1471 (Danıştay Dergisi, 1988,

sayı 68-69, sayfa 476) [Council of State Journal, 1988, No. 68-69, p. 476].

DS. 7. D., E. 1987/501, K. 1987/1471 (DD, 1988, S. 68-69, s. 476).

3. Hukuk Dairesi, 15.9.1986, Esas No. 7949, Karar No. 8017 (Yargıtay Kararları

Dergisi, 1986 sayı 11, sh.1616) [Court of Cassation Journal, 1986, No. 11, p. 1616].

3. HD. 15.9.1986, E 7949, K 8017 (YKD, 1986, s.11 sh.1616).

Reporters

The official reporters (and abbreviations) are: Constitutional Court Journal: Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararları Dergisi (AMKD)

Council of State Journal: Danıştay Dergisi (DD)

Court of Cassation Journal: Yargıtay Kararları Dergisi (YKD)

17


Courts Superior Courts

Constitutional Court: Anayasa Mahkemesi

Court of Appeals

Council of State: Danıştay

Military Tribunal of Appeals

Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi

Court of Jurisdictional Dispute

Court of Accounts

Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors

Courts of Justice

Civil Courts of Peace: Sulh Hukuk Hakimliǧi

Civil Courts of First Instance: Asliye Hukuk Hakimliǧi

Commercial Courts: Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi

Criminal Courts of the Peace: Sulh Ceza Hakimliǧi

Criminal Courts of First Instance: Asliye Ceza Hakimliǧi

Aggravated Felony Courts: Aǧır Ceza Mahkemesi

State Security Courts: Devlet Güvenlik Mahkemesi

Execution Investigation Authority: Icra Tetkik Hakimliǧi

443 Land registration and survey courts: Cadastre

Administrative Courts

The Council of State: Danıştay

Administrative Courts and Tax Courts: Idare ve Vergi Hukuku Mahkemeleri

Supreme Military Administrative Court: Askeri Yüksek Idare Mahkemesi

Military Courts

Military Criminal Courts: Askeri Ceza Mahkemesi

The Military Criminal Court of Cassation: Askeri Yargıtay

[…]

3.5.5 Official Publications Cite official publications by title, date, item number, and page

referenced: R.G. 28.10.1987, sa. 19618 s.8.

The Official Gazette (Resmi Gazete, R.G.) contains all legislation, as well as the

decisions of the Constitutional Court (Anayasa Mahkemesi), the Council of State

(Danıştay), and the Court of Cassation (Yargıtay).

[…]

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4 Resources and links

4.1 Citation and referencing style resources

4.1.1 Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide (Notes and Bibliography) Use this as a quick reference for formatting the most common types of citations.

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

4.1.2 The full 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style Use chapter 14, Notes and Bibliography for detailed help with citation format.

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch14/ch14_toc.html

4.1.3 Legal citation guidance for Turkey The Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, First Edition, 2006 was

prepared by the New York University School of Law for their Journal of International

Law and Politics. It follows the legal citation style outlined in the Harvard Bluebook

as recommended by the Chicago Manual of Style. The Turkey section is on pages

200–205.

http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Final_GFILC_pdf.pdf

4.2 Language and spelling resources

4.2.1 Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (online) Use this dictionary as a guide to standard US spelling, capitalization, and

hyphenation.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/

4.2.2 tureng.com Turkish-English translation service This is by far the best Turkish-English translation engine currently available.

http://tureng.com/index

4.2.3 Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu)

The dictionaries contain the standard usages of modern Turkish. Use the unabridged

dictionary (büyük sözlük) for details of etymology, etc.

http://www.tdk.gov.tr/

4.2.4 Lexilogos Ottoman page A list of online resources and references for Ottoman Turkish

http://www.lexilogos.com/english/ottoman_turkish_dictionary.htm

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch14/ch14_toc.html

http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Final_GFILC_pdf.pdf

http://www.merriam-webster.com/

http://tureng.com/index

http://www.tdk.gov.tr/

http://www.lexilogos.com/english/ottoman_turkish_dictionary.htm

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4.3 Date conversion resources

4.3.1 Date Conversion Guide (Tarih Çevirme Kılavuzu) Use this widget by Ahmet Murat Aytaç to convert between Hicri and Rumi Ottoman

dates and their Gregorian Republican equivalents.

http://193.255.138.2/takvim.asp

http://193.255.138.2/takvim.asp

Documents

Style Guide for Authors - cambridge.org