SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KOHIMA
Dr. TOSHIMANEN OZUKUM
Addl. Director,
Municipal Affairs Cell, Urban Development,
Nagaland: Kohima
BACKGROUND
o Solid waste management is one of the most neglected urban services.
o It has lacked due attention in India and its urban areas.
o Solid waste Management (SWM) is one of the important obligatory functions of Urban Local Bodies in India.
o Implementation of Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules 2000 by August 31 2003 by ULBs has become a distant dream.
o This service falls far short of desired levels resulting in problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA
L E G E N D
NEW MARKET (C)
OFFICERS HILL
MID LAND
AGREE- FOREST
PORTER LANE
NEW MINISTERS HILL
UPPER
LOWER
PWD COLONY
DAK LANE
D BLOCK
KITZUBUTSOU
NAGA BAZAR
NORTH BLOCK
BUYUVU
HIGH SCHOOL
A.G. COLONY
CHANMARI
CHANMARI
MARIMMA VILLAGE
P.R..HILLS
PARA MEDICAL
NH
3
9 T
O IM
PH
AL
NH
39
NH 69 TO W
OKHA
NH 150 TO PHEK
TO
DIM
APU
R
TO J
OTSOM
A
NH
61
Bil
lyg
rah
am
Roa
d
MA
RIM
MA
V
ILLA
GE
BIL
LY
GR
AH
AM
R
OA
D
NEW
SEC
RETA
RIET R
OA
D
TA
NQ
UIS
T R
OAD
LA
DIE
SM
ILE
R
OA
D
MID
LA
ND
R
OA
D
00KM 1KM 2KM 3KM 4KM 5KM 6KM 7KM
1KM
2KM
3KM
4KM
5KM
6KM
7KM
8KM
9KM
GREATER KOHIMA
PLANNING BOUNDARY
KMC BOUNDARY
KMC AREA
VILLAGE BOUNDARY
VILLAGE
CAPITAL COMPLEX AREA
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
OTHER ROADS
LOCATION OF KOHIMA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
IN THE GREATER KOHIMA PLANNING AREA
KOHIMA VILLAGE
CAPITAL COMPLEX
CIESAMA
VILLAGE
MEREIMA
VILLAGE
CANTONMENT
AREA
SOURCE: URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
KOHIMA
MUNICIPAL
COUNCIL
0.5KM0.5KM 1.0KM 2.0KM 3.0KM0.0
S C A L E
N
DELHI
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
PUNE
MAP NOT TO SCALE
KOLKATTANAGPUR
LOCATION OF KOHIMA IN INDIA
LEGENDNAGALAND
KOHIMA
GUWAHATI KOHIMA
SOURCE: MAPS OF INDIA
PHEK
KIPHIRE
ZUNHEBOTO
TUENSANG
MON
LONGLENG
MOKOKCHUNG
WOKHA
DIMAPUR
PEREN
KOHIMA
M A N I P U R
MY
AN
MA
R
AS
SA
M
LEGENDDISTRICT HEADQUARTERS
RAIL LINE
NH
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
SH
DISTRICT BOUNDARY
STATE BOUNDARY
KILOMETERS5 0 5 15 25 35
SCALE
SOURCE:GIS CENTRE, NAGALAND
KOHIMA
DISTRICT
N
ORIGIN AND HISTORY
1878: KOHIMA ESTABLISHED AS CHIEF
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRE
1881: THE DISTRICT OF KOHIMA
ESTABLISHED AS A SUB-DIVISION OF
FORMERLY NAGA HILLS DISTRICT WITHIN
ASSAM
1957: UNION TERRITORY BY AN ACT CALLED THE
NAGA HILLS TUENSANG AREA ACT OF 1957
1963:NAGALAND BECAME A FULL-FLEDGED
STATE WITH KOHIMA AS ITS CAPITAL
KOHIMA MUNICIPAL AREA CONTEXT
o Kohima Municipal Council is a young body
o Kohima city has been increasing in population due to its administrative importance, trade and commerce
o The natural topography is a constraint
o Kohima receives heavy rainfall most part of the year
o Health and environmental concern related with solid waste
o Aspiration for better services and improved quality of life
INTRODUCTION OF KMC AREA LOCATION
o KOHIMA LIES BETWEEN 94' 5' 11" TO 94 '7'12" EAST LATITUDES AND 25 '28'20" TO 25'31'51"NORTH LATITUDES.
o IT IS SITUATED ON THE DIMAPUR TO IMPHAL NH 39
TOPOGARPHY
o RUGGED AND HILLY TERRAIN
o MEAN ELEVATION OF THE CITY IS 1468 M ( RANGES FROM 150M -3000M)
o LIES IN SIESMIC ZONE V
o PRONE TO LANDSLIDES DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL
REGIONAL LINKAGES
ROADS
o THREE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS 39, 61 AND150. WELL CONNECTED WITH STATE CAPITALS OF NEIGHBOURING STATES
RAIL
o NEAREST RAILWAY HEAD IS AT DIMAPUR, THE LARGEST URBAN CENTER AND COMMERCIAL CAPITAL WHICH IS 74 KM AWAY
AIRPORT
o NEAREST AIRPORT IS AT DIMAPUR AND CONNECTED DIRECTLY WITH KOLKATTA AND GUWAHATI
KOHIMA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
o AREA 10.98 SQKM
o POPULATION 146914 (2011)
o NO OF WARDS 19
SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
SOURCE:Census of India, 2001 & Urban Development Department, Govt. of Nagaland
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50 Population
Decadal Growth Rate (%)Year
Kohima Municipal Council-Population Growth Rate-1931-2001
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Po
pu
lati
on
Gro
wth
Rate
(%)
Mar
gin
ally
po
or
All
Bel
ow
Po
vert
y L
ine
Lo
w
Inco
me
Mar
gin
ally
po
or
Hig
h In
com
e
Genaral
SC
ST
OBCPE
RC
EN
TA
GE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
SOCIAL GROUP WITH RESPECT TO INCOME
INCOME GROUPS
POPULATION GROWTH
SOCIAL GROUP
THE DECADAL GROWTH
RATE WAS THE HIGHEST
DURING 1961-1971 AT 197%.
IT WAS DUE TO THE
DECLARATION OF KOHIMA
AS THE CAPITAL AFTER
ATTAINING STATEHOOD IN
1963.
PRESENTLY THE ANNUAL
GROWTH RATE IS AROUND
5%
89.6 % OF THE POPULATION
CONSTITUTE SCHEDULED
TRIBE(ST) POPULATION
100 % OF BPL ARE FROM THE
ST POPULATION
EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
MECHANISM
• Present Generation of waste is 60 tonnes/day @ 408 gram/ capita/day (Sorce: KMC)
• The Solid Waste Management in Kohima Municipal Council is decentralized with the involvement of all the Panchayats/ communities in all the colonies
• Door to door collection of waste
• An amount of Rs 1/- per day per HHs is collected by the Panchayats
• Disposal of Waste at a distance of about 15 KMs on NH 150
PROBLEMS FACED
Garbage not collected on time
PROBLEMS FACED
Choked Drains
PROBLEMS FACED
Health Hazard to the Workers
PROBLEMS FACED
Health Hazard to the Workers
PROBLEMS FACED
DUMPING SITE:
• Old dumping site on NH 39 affected by landslide and has been
abandoned
• New Sites have been procured a number of times by the KMC
but problems have cropped up due to complaints by the
adjacent land owners.
PROJECTS
A modern Landfill site is under construction below Lerie with
loan assistance by Asian Development Bank which will be
completed within the next 12 months.
THANK YOU