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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALDE SAN MARTIN
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL
IRRIGACIN
SALTOS DE AGUA, RAPIDAS Y CAIDAS
DOCENTE: M. Sc. ING. JOS DEL C.PIZARRO BALDERA
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SALTOS DE AGUA
Obra !r"#$c%a&a $' ca'a($ !ara
a()ar &$'*)$($ br+c" &$( "'&"-c+a'&" "' a#"r$ &$ /0
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I. CAIDAS VERTICALES
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1. CRITERIOS DE DISE2O:
C+a'&" $ '$c$*%a a()ar &$'*)$($a#"r$ &$ 1.3 c"" 45*".E( &$'*)$( 6 3.73 # ca+&a( 6 733(8$9.
&$ a'c;" &$ ca'a( '" '$c$*%a !"
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CaidadeAnchoB
5.0uHg2Bu3
2
Q
TotalCaudalSiendo
H48.1q
2
3
2
3
=
=
=
=
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:
:
:
)//(1.0 5.1
qw
y
Qa
DONDE
YYpqwQa =
Suministro de agua por metro de ancho de cresta.
Tirante normal aguas arribas e la cada.
Mxima descarga unitaria sobre la cada.
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>.CA?DAS VERTICALES CONOBST@CULOS PARA EL COUE
D$arr"((a&" !ara a(%" !$+$"&"'&$ c;"ca $( a9+a &$ (a (4*'a )$r%*&a
# $ "b%*$'$ +'a b+$'a &**!ac*=' &$$'$r9a.
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E( a'c;" # $!ac*a*$'%" &$ (" "b%4c+(":
b 3./ $3./ L"'9*%+& '*a &$ (a c+b$%a L& H>.#c , &"'&$:
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)g2p
h08.0
3h1050
1
05.0!HB3
2
Q
"AT#$A"..%C&%T$ACC'&..S'%
TAB"A..S#(%.....10.4CC"HQ
"AT#$A"..%C&%T$ACC'&
B*Qq
gH*q+
H+30.4"d
21
2
3
2
3
32
2,.0
++=
=
=
=
=
=
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Ca&a )$r%*ca($
D*$ar +'a ca&a )$r%*ca( * ab$:
A9+a Arr*ba A9+a Aba"> 78$9 > 78$9
S1K" S3.K"
'3.31 '3.31Z1 Z1
b1.33 b1.33
Y3. Y3.7 A1.> A1.1>
V1.> 8$9 V1.1 8$9
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SOLUCIN
1. A'c;" &$ (a Ca&a:1./78>
1.77 78$9 5
32
Hg2B32Q =
g2
-)/e/
+
"/a!
g
2a
a+++=
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a3.>D>Va
E($)a'&" a( c+a&ra&" $%a $5!r$*='
4
2
a
2a
+00.0g2-
+344.0-
=
=
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R$$!(a
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R$"()*$'&" !"r %a'%$":
E%a 4r$a $+*)a($ a!r"5*a&a$'%$ a( 4r$a &$ 7
%+b", > &$ / -3.13 0 # 1 &$ > -3.3 0. E%"
%+b" $ c"("car4' &$ a'$ra +$ c"'$c%$' (ac4ara &$ a*r$ &$ (a ca&a c"' $( $!ac*" $5%$r*"r.
2
2
018.0A
4
+A
151.0+
=
=
=
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II. CA?DAS INCLINADAS
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Pr"#$c%a&a $' %ra" c"r%" &$ ca'a( c"'!$'&*$'%$ +$r%$.
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Par%$:
Tra'*c*=' &$ $'%ra&a c"' $cc*=' &$
c"'%r"(.Ca&a !r"!*a$'%$ &*c;a.C"(c;='.
Tra'*c*=' &$ (a a(*&a.
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1. CRITERIOS DE DISE2O
I'c(*'ac*=' r$c"$'&a&a 1. a >.1&"'&$ $( a'c;" B $ *9+a(:
58.0u
Hg2u3
2Q
H,1.1q
donde
qQB
2
3
2
3
=
=
=
=
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GRADAS
S$ !r"#$c%a' !ara a()ar &$'*)$($abr+!%".
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III. RAPIDAS
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S*r)$' !arac"'$c%ar &" %ra"&$ +' ca'a( c+#"&$'*)$( $ ba%a'%$
9ra'&$ $' +'a("'9*%+&r$(a%*)a$'%$ c"r%a.
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1. Par%$
Tra'*c*=' &$ $'%ra&a.
S$cc*=' &$ c"'%r"(.Ca'a( &$ (a r4!*&a.C"(c;=' &$ a"r%*9+ac*='.
Tra'*c*=' &$ a(*&a.
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IV. AFORADOR DE PARSALL
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E%r+c%+ra &$ $&*c*=' &$ ca+&a($ $' +'
a!(*" ra'9", &$b*&" a (a 9ra' )$("c*&a& &$(a9+a $5*%$'%$ $' (a $%r+c%+ra.
1 P %
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1. Par%$
E'%ra&a Gar9a'%a
Sa(*&a
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D*$'*"'$ &$ (a !ar%$ &$( a"ra&"r Par;a((
W A B C D E F G K N X Y
1 25.4 242 356 93 167 229 76 203 19 29 8 13
2 50.8 276 406 135 214 254 114 254 22 43 16 25
3 76.8 311 457 178 259 457 152 305 25 57 25 38
6 152.4 414 610 394 397 610 305 610 76 114 51 76
9 228.6 587 864 381 575 762 305 457 76 114 51 76
1 304.8 914 1343 610 845 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
16 457.2 965 1419 762 1026 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
2 609.6 1016 1495 914 1206 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
3 914.4 1118 1645 1219 1572 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
4 1219.2 1219 1794 1524 1937 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
5 1524.0 1321 1943 1829 2302 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
6 1828.8 1422 2092 2134 2667 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
7 2133.6 1524 2242 2438 3032 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
8 2438.4 1626 2391 2743 3397 914 610 941 76 229 51 76
VENTAJAS:
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VENTAJAS:
N" *'(+#$ (a )$("c*&a& c"' +$ $(
a9+a a!r"5*a (a $%r+c%+ra.T*$'$ (a ca!ac*&a& a $&*r %a'%" c"'(+" (*br$ c"" "&$ra&a$'%$
+$r9*&". PQr&*&a &$ car9a$'"r$.
E( a9+a %*$'$ )$("c*&a& +*c*$'%$
!ara (*!*ar (" $&*$'%".O!$ra $' +' ra'9" a!(*" &$ (+".
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DESVENTAJAS:
M4 car" &$b*&" a (a abr*cac*='r$+$r*&a.
La abr*cac*=' $ *'%a(ac*=' $ cr%*ca!ara +$ +'c*"'$' c"" $ &$b$.
> FUNCIONAMIENTO
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>.FUNCIONAMIENTOIDR@ULICO
La $c+ac*=' !ara $( ca+&a( ba"c"'&*c*"'$ &$ (+" (*br$ $ &$ (a "ra:
na/HQ=
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D"'&$:
ca+&a( $' 78$9.
ac%"r +$ &$!$'&$ &$( a'c;" &$
(a 9ar9a'%a.
' Fac%"r +$ )ara &$ 1.> a 1.3
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A'c;" &$ (a 9ar9a'%a, '
1 3.33/ 1.
> 3.1>3 1.
7 3.11 1. 3.71> 1.
3.7/ 1.7
1 3.3 1.>>
1. 1.3 1.7> 1./> 1.3
7 >.1/ 1.
/ >.7 1.
7.7> 1.
/.1 1.
.71> 1.31
.11> 1.3
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La +$r9$'c*a &$( a"ra&"r ca(c+(a&a!"r b8a, 3. !ara (" %aa" &$9ar9a'%a &$ 1 ;a%a 7 !+(9a&a, $( (+" $
c"'*&$ra +$r9*&" # ;a# +$ ;ac$r +'ac"rr$cc*=' a (" ca+&a($.
7. SUMERGENCIA
CORRECCIN POR
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E( (*%$ &$ +$r9$'c*a !ara (a9ar9a'%a &$ # !+(9a&a $ 3.3 # !ara1 ;a%a !*$ $( (*%$ $ 3.3. C+a'&" (a+$r9$'c*a $a a#"r +$ $%" (*%$,
S E
CORRECCIN PORSUMERGENCIA
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E!ara (" a"ra&"r$ &$ 1 !+(9a&a;a%a 6 1 !*$. La c"rr$cc*=' &$ 6 1 !*$&$ 9ar9a'%a $ a!(*ca a (" &$ ;a%a !*$
&$ 9ar9a'%a, +(%*!(*ca'&" $( E!"r ("
*9+*$'%$ ac%"r$:
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Ancho de ! "!#"!n$! %&$' F!c$o#
1 1
1.5 1.4
2 1.8
3 2.4
4 3.1
5 3.7
6 4.3
7 4.9
8 5.4
Fac%"r &$ Gar9a'%a
C *= & *&
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C"rr$cc*=' !ara &$car9a +$r9*&aa"ra&"r Par;a(( &$ >
C *= & *&
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C"rr$cc*=' !ara &$car9a +$r9*&a.A"ra&"r Par;a(( &$ 7
/ CRITERIOS PARA LA ELECCIN
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/. CRITERIOS PARA LA ELECCINDEL TAMA2O MAS ADECUADO DEL
PARSALLE( a"ra&"r &$b$ $r *'%a(a&" c$rca &$
(a c"!+$r%a &$ c"'%r"(.D$b$ $%ar $' +' %ra" r$c%" &$( ca'a( a
+'a &*%a'c*a &$ (a c"!+$r%a &"'&$ '"
;a# %+rb+($'c*a.
ASPECTOS CONSTRUCTIVOS
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. ASPECTOS CONSTRUCTIVOS
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S* !"r $$!(", %$'$" +' ca+&a( &$ 3. 78$9.c"' %*ra'%$ &$ c. E( (*%$ &$ +$r9$'c*a $
3.3 !ara +$ $ !+$&a +ar +'a "(a $&*&a, a,!ara &$%$r*'ar $( ca+&a(.
Para $c"'"a, !+$&$ $c"9$r (a 9ar9a'%a 4$%r$c;a, !$r" %ab*Q' &$b$ c"'*&$rar $( $$c%""br$ $( (+", $( a+$'%" $' !r"+'&*&a& a9+a
arr*ba # $( c"%" &$ ($)a'%ar 4 (" b"r&$ &$(ca'a(.
Para $( $$!(" c"'*&$rar &" a(%$r'a%*)a
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Para $( $$!(", c"'*&$rar &" a(%$r'a%*)a,+'" &$ 7 !*$ # +'" &$ / !*$ &$ 9ar9a'%a.
D$&$ $( !+'%" &$ )*%a $c"'=*c", $ra!r$$r*&" $c"9$r $( &$ 7 &$ a'c;", +'a )$ !*$ a3 c # b /3 c.
WC+4( $ra $( ca+&a( ba" $%a c"'&*c*"'$X
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C4(c+(" &$( ca+&a(:na/HQ=
55.1
)50.0!428.1Q=
*eg.0.48,Q 3=
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b8a $ a#"r +$ $( (*%$ &$ 3. !ara$%$ %aa" &$ a"ra&"r, # ;a# +$ ;ac$r(a c"rr$cc*=' !ara +$r9$'c*a:
E' $( 9r4*c" )$" +$ (a c"rr$cc*='!ara Ec+a'&":
3K &$ +$r9$'c*a
a 3.$ 3.3>/.
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M+(%*!(*ca&" $%a c"rr$cc*=' !"r $(
ac%"r &$ 9ar9a'%a !ara a"ra&"r &$> !*$ '" &a: 1.
E 1.53.3>/ 3.3/E'%"'c$, $( ca+&a( c"rr$c%" $:
S E 3./ 3.3/S 3.// 78$9.
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GRACIAS[[[