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8/10/2019 Revew Structural Design

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Structural Design

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This is a seconar! e""ect in shears anes$eciall! %o%ents o" "ra%e %e%bers

inuce b! 'ertical loas acting onlaterall! is$lace builing "ra%e()*elta e""ectOrthogonal E""ect+ertical E""ect,rregularit! E""ect


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- store! .hose strength is less than /01o" the strength o" the store! abo'e is

consiere as 2222222222(So"t Store!


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>os$itals @o%%unication @enters anothers .hich are necessar! "or

e%ergenc! $ost*earthAua=e o$erationsare classi"ie as 22222222222(>azarous BacilitiesDistribution BacilitiesSeis%ic BacilitiesEssential Bacilities


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- horizontal or nearl! horizontal s!ste%acting to trans%it lateral "orces to the

'ertical resisting s!ste% incluing thehorizontal bracing s!ste%(Dia$hrag%Dia$hrag% StrutCrace)lat"or%


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This is essentiall! a 'ertical truss s!ste%$ro'ie to resist lateral "orces o" a

builing(Shear .all s!ste%S=eletal Bra%eCrace Bra%e)lat"or%


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@onstructing a high* rise builing reAuiresconcrete that can easil! be $u%$e(


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The recors o" test %aterial an o"concrete %ust be $reser'e a"ter the

co%$letion o" the $roect "or at least222222222(F !earsG !earGH !earsI !ears


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- t!$e o" gunite %ixe .ith anaccelerating a%ixture .ith aggregate

larger than G0%% originall! s$ra!euner high air $ressure o" lining tunnels(Shotcrete)nue%atic MuniteEarl! Strength Munite)nue%atic %ortar


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," a structure is uge uner theconition either to be no longer use"ul "or

its intene "unction or to unsa"e it hasreache its 2222222222(i%it stateu$ture statelti%ate strengthBracture State


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- $heno%enon o" "ailure or a%age that%a! result in suen an brittle "racture

o" a uctile %aterial ue to re'ersals o"stresses a$$lie to a bo! re$eatel! or agreat nu%ber o" ti%es(

Torsional ru$turePetal Batiguei%it Stage,nelastic "ailure


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??? act $arallel to each other Qo""set toeach other a istance R a$art o" the

sa%e %agnitue but ???EAuilibrant@ou$leesultant

Po%ent


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The loa at .hich a $er"ectl! straight%e%ber uner co%$ression assu%es a

e"lecte $osition(Eccentric loa-xial loaDe"lecting loa

Cuc=ling loa


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,t is a $oint .ithin the structure at .hich a%e%ber Qbea%Ucolu%n can rotate

slightl! to eli%inate all bening %o%ent inthe %e%ber at that $oint(@ontra"lexure $ointoller>ingeSu$$ort


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,t is a bea% t!$e su$$orte b! ahingeUroller at one en an the other en

is $roecting be!on a "ixe su$$ort(Se%i*continuous bea%Si%$l! su$$orte bea%Bixe bea%

@ontinuous bea%


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Bloors in o""ice builings an in otherbuilings .here $artition locations are

subect to change shall be esigne tosu$$ort in aition to all other loas auni"or%l! istribute loa eAual to

2222222222(G000 )aH00 )aGH00 )a

F000 )a


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The u$.ar $ressure against the botto%o" the base%ent "loor o" a structure or

roa slab cause b! the $resence o".ater(>!raulic $ressureCearing $ressure>!ro!na%ic $ressure$li"t $ressure


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The $articular t!$e o" $in*connectetension %e%ber o" uni"or% thic=ness .ith

"orge loo$ or hea o" greater .ith thanthe bo! .ith is $ro$ortione to $ro'iea$$roxi%atel! eAual strength both in the

hea an the bo!(E!ebarTunbuc=leoc=er

Colt


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- re'et%ent consisting o" rough stones o"'arious sizes $lace co%$actl! to $rotect

the ban=s or be o" a ri'er "ro% theeroing e""ects o" the "lo.ing .ater(Sheet $ile@o""era%i$ra$@aisson


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- three*i%ensional s$atial structure%ae u$ o" one or %ore cur'e slabs or

"ole $lateshose thic=nesses are s%allco%$are to their other i%ensions(Cearing all s!ste%Bunicular structureThin shellMeoesic o%e


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,t re"ers to a $iece or $air o" iagonalbraces to resist .in or other horizontal

"orces on a builing(Cuc=ling %o%entO'erturning %o%ent@arr! o'er %o%ent

None o" these


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,t re"ers to a $iece or $air o" iagonalbraces to resist .in or other horizontal

"orces on a builing(S.a! braceKnee brace@he'ron bracing

Sti""ener


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This is esigne as s$ecial "ounation "orintense colu%n loas on a $lat"or%

consisting usuall! o" t.o la!ers o" rollesteel oists one on to$ o" other at rightangles(

Pat "ounationBloating "ounationa"t "ounationMrillage "ounation


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e"erring to an! arti"icial %etho o"strengthening the soil to reuce its

shrin=age an ensure that it .ill not%o'e( @o%%on %ethos are %ixing thesoil .ith ce%ent or co%$action

San rainSoil in'estigationSoil StabilizationSoil E'aluation


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- $it ug in the base%ent "loor uringexca'ation %ae to collect .ater into

.hich a $u%$ is $lace the liAui to these.er $i$e(Su%$Se$tic tan=@o""era%@istern


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,t is a long straight bea% .hich b! theins$ection i" t.o hinges in alternate

s$ans "unctions essentiall! as acantile'er bea%(Stra$ bea%Mrae bea%Tie bea%Merber bea%


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-n instru%ent .hich %easures the actualis$lace%ent o" the groun .ith res$ect

to a stationar! $oint uring anearthAua=e(De"lecto%eterSeis%ogra$h-ccelerogra$hSeis%o%eter


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The beha'ior o" san! soil to .ea=en itsca$acit! to carr! i%$ose loas .hen

subecte to 'ibration such as earthAua=e$articularl! .hen .ater table saturatesthis la!er(iAue"actioniAuiit!@o%$actionSettle%ent


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,t is a bea% es$eciall! $ro'ie o'er ano$ening "or a oor or .ino. to carr! the

.all o'er o$ening(Transo% bea%S$anrel bea%intel bea%

Mrae bea%


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Bor an! gi'en granular %aterial thestee$est angle .ith horizontal a hea$e

soil sur"ace .ill %a=e in nor%al conitionthat .ill not slie(-ngle o" inclination-ngle o" re$ose-ngle cohesion-ngle o" sur"ace tension


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