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W. 7? Zngt ds Gutlegtdlh Lcobmt Elabi dh WQ[rl"sbr lc*bmt "gs lpbh "nbh tnb tbst lc*bmt "gs ibgrhba.
$ Sbgi id!b ;xg%pib
Mlhsdabr lursbi! gs tnb $utl%gtdlh ab+bilpbr, %sbi! gs =Q gha g pgrfdhj ilt gs tnb gppidmgtdlh, mgrs
pgrfba dh tnb pgrfdhj grbg gs tnb Qbst c*bmts.
:l" lu gsf %b &=Q) tl crdhj g mgr !rl% tnb pgrfdhj ilt gha lu pldht %b tl tnb mgr & Qnds ds gaadhj tnb
Qbst c*bmt tl c*bmt rbplsdtlr lr rbmlradhj lh tnb sg%b). > % prb+dlus fhl"ibajb gha "ngt D g%
prljrg%%ba tl ibgrh, D illf gt tnb mgr gha rb%b%cbr dts 1 pigtb sl tngt D mgh dabhtd! tnb sg%b dh !uturb.
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Qnb mlilr l! tnb mgr ds rba cut D alhNt rb%b%cbr tnds gs 1 pigtb &? %ghagtlr prlpbrt sbttdhjs) ds jlla
bhlujn !lr %b tl rbmljhdIb. Qnds ds gclut ibgrhdhj %ghagtlr prlpbrtdbs
:l" d! D gaa mlilr prlpbrt tl ?ghagtlr idst D "dii ng+b # prlpbrtdbs !lr dabhtd!dhj tnb mgr. D! tnb mgr dspgdhtba tl "ndtb mlilr D "luia hlt cb gcib tl ilmgtb tnb mgr gs D g% stdii illfdhj !lr g rba mlilr mgr "dtn
tnb sg%b 1 pigtb gs tnb "ndtb lhb dh !rlht l! %b. ]l tnds ds "n "b alhNt gaa gii prlpbrtdbs tl
?ghagtlr idst
:l" ibt gssu%b tnds pgrfdhj ilt ngs sl%b hb" mgrs "ndmn ngs hl 1 pigtbs. ]l % %ghagtlr prlpbrtdbs
albshNt jd+b %b ghtndhj tl rb'dabhtd! tnb mgr igtbr. D stgrt illfdhj gt % gssdstd+b prlpbrtdbs "ndmn ds
tnb mlilr dh tnds mgsb. Qnb pgrfdhj ilt ngs lhi 7 rba mgr sl D rb%b%cbr tnb mlilr gs "bii tl rb'dabhtd! tnb
mgr. Qnds ds gclut ibgrhdhj gssdstd+b prlpbrtdbs. D! lhb gssdstd+b prlpbrt albshNt nbip D "luia illf gt
ltnbrs lhb c lhb.
]l !gr sl jlla. :l" d! "b ng+b ghltnbr rba mgr pgrfba dh tnb pgrfdhj, sl % dabhtd!dmgtdlh l! cighf1pigtb gha rba mlilr "dii stdii hlt rbsli+b "ndmn mgr tl pdmf. ]l D hbba tl %gfb g mnldmb cgsba lh 7st lr
tnb #ha lhb &dhabx), ib!t lhb lr tnb rdjnt lhb &ilmgtdlh), tnb mgr tngt mg%b !drst dh tnb pgrfdhj ilt lr tnb
lhb mg%b igtbr &mrbgtdlhtd%b dh mgsb l! crl"sbr). Qnds ds "nbrb "b hbba lradhgi dabhtd!dbr
:l" ml%dhj tl s%grt dabhtd!dmgtdlh. Mlhsdabr lu tlia %b tl pdmf g rba mlilr mgr "dtn sl%b pigtb 1B gha
mgr "gs rbpgdhtba tl "ndtb. :l" D alhNt !dha ghtndhj dh tnb ilt gha D stgrt jbttdhj s%grt. D "luia sg ibts
*ust arlp l!! gii "ngt lu sgda gha sbb d! D mgh !dha tnb mgr. D !drst sbb nl" %gh mgrs dh tnb ilt, D! tnbrb ds
lhi 7 tnbh % dssub ds sli+ba. >ut ibts sg tnbrb grb 0 mgrs, :l" % ]D gijl sgs tl illf !lr tnb 1pigtb
gha d !dha tngt "ndtb mgr %gtmnbs tnb 1 pigtb sl D pdmf dt up gha tnb mgr !lr lu. Qnds ds "ngt ds ]%grt
Dabhtd!dmgtdlh
D! % ]%grt dabhtd!dmgtdlh nga mlilr gs tnb !drst prlpbrt tl cb mnbmfba tnbh D "luia ng+b illfba lhi gt
"ndtb mgr prbsbht dh tnb pgrfdhj ilt, d! D !luha lhb D "luia jd+b tnb sg%b tl lu. ;+bh tnlujn lur mgr
%g hlt cb prbsbht dh tnb pgrfdhj ilt D stdii jd+b lu g mgr "ndmn %g hlt cb tnb lhb lu "brb illfdhj
!lr. Qnds ds "n dt gi"gs ga+dsba tl fbbp ]%grt Dabhtd!dmgtdlh adsgciba.
Ml%dhj cgmf tl tnb =Q "lria D "luia idfb tl ndjnidjnt ghltnbr pldht hl". ?ghagtlr, $ssdstd+b
prlpbrtdbs lhi ml%b dhtl pdmturb "nbh "b gaa gh lc*bmt tl tnb S lr rbmlra sl%b gmtdlh lh tnb sg%b.
Zndib dabhtd!dhj tnb lc*bmt gjgdh =Q "dii hlt ad!!brbhtdgtb "ndmn prlpbrt "gs g ?ghagtlr lhb lr
$ssdstd+b lhb. Dt "luia *ust tr tl %gtmn gii tnb prlpbrtdbs dt nga cbbh jd+bh tl dabhtd! tnb lc*bmt.
Qnbrb ds g s%gii ad!!brbhmb "nbh dt ml%bs tl lradhgi dabhtd!dbrs. =Q lhi usbs lradhgi dabhtd!dbrs "nbh
tnbrb grb %uitdpib %gtmnbs l! gh lc*bmt. ]l >rl"sbr&Wmrbgtdlhtd%b(rl"sbr&W%dmmigss(rl"sbr) "nbh lu lhi ng+b lhb crl"sbr lpbh gs =Q "dii hlt usb tnb
Mrbgtdlhtd%b prlpbrt gt gii. >ut "nbh # crl"sbrs bxdst =Q "dii tnrl" gh brrlr gs tnbrb ds hlhb "dtn
mrbgtdlhtd%b(
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' Dt "dii Sbturh tnb +giub l! g pgrtdmuigr prlpbrt !lr g tbst lc*bmt "ndmn =Q rbmlraba tl dabhtd! gh
lc*bmt aurdhj Suh td%b. Qnb +giub ds tgfbh !rl% tnb c*bmt Sbplsdtlr.
' Sbtrdb+bs tnb +giubs l! lhi tnlsb prlpbrtdbs tngt grb dhmiuaba dh tnb tbst lc*bmt absmrdptdlh dh c*bmt
Sbplsdtlr c =Q.
btSrlpbrt(
' Dt "dii Sbturh tnb murrbht +giub &ruh td%b +giub) l! tnb tbst lc*bmt prlpbrt !rl% tnb lc*bmt dh tnb
gppidmgtdlh.
' Sbtrdb+bs tnb murrbht prlpbrt +giub l! tnb lc*bmt dh tnb gppidmgtdlh aurdhj tnb tbst ruh.
]btQrlpbrt(
3lu mgh %lad! tnb prlpbrtdbs l! tnb tb%plrgr +brsdlh l! tnb lc*bmt aurdhj tnb ruh sbssdlh "dtnlut
g!!bmtdhj tnb pbr%ghbht +giubs dh tnb lc*bmt rbplsdtlr c gaadhj g ]btQrlpbrt stgtb%bht dh tnb;xpbrt Kdb".
Gsb tnb !liil"dhj shtgx !lr tnb ]btQrlpbrt %btnla(
c*bmt&absmrdptdlh).]btQrlpbrt rlpbrt, Kgiub
AQnds "dii rbturh tnb hg%b prlpbrt +giub l! lljib ]bgrmn badtclx &/L/)
%sjclx >rl"sbr&/lljib/).gjb&/lljib/).Zbc;adt&/L/).btQrlpbrt&/hg%b/)
AQnds "dii sbt tnb prlpbrt +giub.
>rl"sbr&/lljib/).gjb&/lljib/).Zbc;adt&/L/).]btQlrlpbrt /hg%b/,/lljib]bgrmn>lx/
AQnds "dii +gidagtb tnb mnghjbs tngt "b ng+b %gab tl tnb hg%b prlpbrt
%sjclx >rl"sbr&/lljib/).gjb&/lljib/).Zbc;adt&/L/).btQrlpbrt&/hg%b/)
is mnbmf lut tnb prlpbrt l! Zbc badt cb!lrb gha g!tbr tnb bxbmutdlh &Dt "dii cb tnb sg%b dh S).
J) 4l" tl gaa lc*bmt rbplsdtlrdbs gt ruhtd%b
]bt Lt$pp < Mrbgtbc*bmt&/=udmfQbst.$ppidmgtdlh/) A Mrbgtb tnb $ppidmgtdlh lc*bmt
Lt$pp.pbh /M(QbstsQbst7/, -gisb, -gisb A pbh g tbst
]bt LtSbplsdtlrdbs < Lt$pp.Qbst.$mtdlhs&/@ljdh/).c*bmtSbplsdtlrdbs A bt tnb lc*bmt rbplsdtlrdbs
mliibmtdlh lc*bmt l! tnb /@ljdh/ gmtdlh
LtSbplsdtlrdbs.$aa /M(?gdh$pp.tsr/, 7 A $aa tnb rbplsdtlr tl tnb mliibmtdlh
O)Qpbs l! $utl%gtdlh -rg%b"lrf
Qnbsb grb +br plpuigr ab!dhdtdlh l! ad!!brbht tpbs l! !rg%b"lrfs g+gdigcib dh tnb %grfbt
]mrdpt ?lauigrdt -rg%b"lrf
Qnb tbst smrdpt %lauigrdt !rg%b"lrf rbLudrbs tnb mrbgtdlh l! s%gii, dhabpbhabht smrdpts tngt
rbprbsbht %lauibs, sbmtdlhs, gha !uhmtdlhs l! tnb gppidmgtdlh'uhabr'tbst. Qnbsb s%gii smrdpts grb tnbh
usba dh g ndbrgrmndmgi !gsndlh tl mlhstrumt igrjbr tbsts, rbgidIdhj g pgrtdmuigr tbst mgsb.
@dcrgr $rmndtbmturb -rg%b"lrf
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Qnb tbst idcrgr grmndtbmturb !rg%b"lrf ds +br sd%digr tl tnb tbst smrdpt %lauigrdt !rg%b"lrf
gha l!!brs tnb sg%b ga+ghtgjbs, cut dt ad+dabs tnb gppidmgtdlh'uhabr'tbst dhtl prlmbaurbs gha !uhmtdlhs
dhstbga l! smrdpts. Qnds !rg%b"lrf rbLudrbs tnb mrbgtdlh l! idcrgr !dibs tngt rbprbsbht %lauibs, sbmtdlhs,
gha !uhmtdlhs l! tnb gppidmgtdlh'uhabr'tbst. Qnbsb idcrgr !dibs grb tnbh mgiiba adrbmti !rl% tnb tbst mgsbsmrdpt.
2b"lra'rd+bh lr Qgcib'rd+bh Qbstdhj -rg%b"lrf
2b"lra'ard+bh tbstdhj gha tgcib'ard+bh tbstdhj grb dhtbrmnghjbgcib tbr%s tngt rb!br tl gh
gppidmgtdlh'dhabpbhabht gutl%gtdlh !rg%b"lrf. Qnds !rg%b"lrf rbLudrbs tnb ab+bilp%bht l! agtg
tgcibs gha fb"lras, dhabpbhabht l! tnb tbst gutl%gtdlh tlli usba tl bxbmutb tnb% gha tnb tbst smrdpt
mlab tngt /ard+bs/ tnb gppidmgtdlh'uhabr'tbst gha tnb agtg. 2b"lra'ard+bh tbsts illf +br sd%digr tl
%ghugi tbst mgsbs. Dh g fb"lra'ard+bh tbst, tnb !uhmtdlhgidt l! tnb gppidmgtdlh'uhabr'tbst ds
almu%bhtba dh g tgcib gs "bii gs dh stbp'c'stbp dhstrumtdlhs !lr bgmn tbst.
gtg'rd+bh Qbstdhj -rg%b"lrfgtg'ard+bh tbstdhj ds g !rg%b"lrf "nbrb tbst dhput gha lutput +giubs grb rbga !rl% agtg !dibs
&agtgpllis, >M slurmbs, m+s !dibs, ;xmbi !dibs, $ lc*bmts, $ lc*bmts, gha sumn) gha grb ilgaba dhtl
+grdgcibs dh mgpturba lr %ghugii mlaba smrdpts. Dh tnds !rg%b"lrf, +grdgcibs grb usba !lr cltn dhput
+giubs gha lutput +brd!dmgtdlh +giubs. :g+djgtdlh tnrlujn tnb prljrg%, rbgadhj l! tnb agtg !dibs, gha
iljjdhj l! tbst stgtus gha dh!lr%gtdlh grb gii mlaba dh tnb tbst smrdpt.
4crda Qbst $utl%gtdlh -rg%b"lrf
Qnb %lst ml%%lhi d%pib%bhtba !rg%b"lrf ds g ml%cdhgtdlh l! gii l! tnb gcl+b tbmnhdLubs,
puiidhj !rl% tnbdr strbhjtns gha trdhj tl %dtdjgtb tnbdr "bgfhbssbs. Qnds ncrda tbst gutl%gtdlh
!rg%b"lrf ds "ngt %lst !rg%b"lrfs b+li+b dhtl l+br td%b gha %uitdpib prl*bmts.
F);rrlr 4ghaidhj Sbml+br ]mbhgrdl
Sbml+br ]mbhgrdl(
Znbh bxbmutdhj smrdpts "b %g jbt sl%b Ghbxpbmtba brrlrs.Ql rbml+br tnb tbst gha mlhtdhub ruhhdhj
smrdpt !rl% tnbsb uhbxpbmtba brrlrs "b usb Sbml+br ]mbhgrdls.
Zngt ngppbhs dh Sbml+br ]mbhgrdls
$ rbml+br smbhgrdl mlhsdsts l! tnb !liil"dhj(
Qrdjjbr ;+bht(
Qnb b+bht tngt dhtbrrupts lur ruh sbssdlh. -lr bxg%pib g "dhal" tngt %g plp up lh smrbbh.
Sbml+br pbrgtdlhs(
Qnb lpbrgtdlhs tl pbr!lr% tl bhgcib =Q tl mlhtdhub ruhhdhj tnb tbst g!tbr tnb trdjjbr b+bht dhtbrrupts
tnb ruh sbssdlh. -lr bxg%pib, midmfdhj gh 2 cuttlh dh g plp'up "dhal".lst'Sbml+br Qbst Suh ptdlh(
Qnb dhstrumtdlhs lh nl" =Q snluia prlmbba g!tbr tnb rbml+br lpbrgtdlhs ng+b cbbh pbr!lr%ba, gha
!rl% "ndmn pldht dh tnb tbst =Q snluia mlhtdhub. -lr bxg%pib, lu %g "ght tl rbstgrt g tbst !rl% tnb
cbjdhhdhj, lr sfdp g stbp bhtdrbi gha mlhtdhub "dtn tnb hbxt stbp dh tnb tbst. Sbml+br smbhgrdls grb
sg+ba dh rbml+br smbhgrdl !dibs ng+dhj tnb bxtbhsdlh .Lrs. $ rbml+br smbhgrdl !dib ds g iljdmgi mliibmtdlh
l! rbml+br smbhgrdls, jrlupba gmmlradhj tl lur spbmd!dm rbLudrb%bhts.
Sbml+br smbhgrdl %ghjbr mgh nghaib !liil"dhj !lur b+bhts(
7. lp'up "dhal"( Ql nghaib uh"ghtba plp ups.
#. c*bmt stgtb( Ql nghaib lc*bmt rbigtba brrlrs gt ruhtd%b.
0. Qbst ruh brrlr( Ql nghaib +c smrdpt stgtb%bht brrlrs gt ruhtd%b.
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5. $ppidmgtdlh mrgsn( Ql nghaib mrgsnba gppidmgtdlhs gt ruhtd%b.
79)Znbh tl usb ;rrlr nghaidhj&lh brrlr rbsu%b hbxt) +s Sbml+br ]mbhgrdls
D! lu mgh prbadmt tngt g mbrtgdh b+bht %g ngppbh gt g spbmd!dm pldht dh lur tbst lr ml%plhbht,dt ds rbml%%bhaba tl nghaib tngt b+bht adrbmti "dtndh lur tbst lr ml%plhbht c gaadhj stbps sumn gs
D! stgtb%bhts lr lptdlhgi stbps lr /lh brrlr rbsu%b hbxt/, rgtnbr tngh abpbhadhj lh g rbml+br smbhgrdl.
Gsdhj Sbml+br ]mbhgrdls %g rbsuit dh uhusugii sil" pbr!lr%ghmb l! lur tbsts.Qnb grb absdjhba tl
nghaib g %lrb jbhbrdm sbt l! uhprbadmtgcib b+bhts "ndmn M$::Q cb nghaiba prljrg%%gtdmgii.
;xg%pib(
$ rbml+br smbhgrdl mgh nghaib g prdhtbr brrlr c midmfdhj tnb ab!guit cuttlh dh tnb rdhtbr ;rrlr
%bssgjb clx.3lu mghhlt nghaib tnds brrlr adrbmti dh lur tbst, sdhmb lu mghhlt fhl" gt "ngt pldht tnb
hbt"lrf "dii rbturh tnb prdhtbr brrlr. 3lu mluia tr tl nghaib tnds b+bht dh lur tbst c gaadhj gh D!
stgtb%bht d%%badgtbi g!tbr tnb stbp tngt sbht g !dib tl tnb prdhtbr, cut d! tnb hbt"lrf tgfbs td%b tlrbturh tnb prdhtbr brrlr, lur tbst %g ng+b prljrbssba sb+brgi stbps cb!lrb tnb brrlr ds adspigba.
Qnbrb!lrb, !lr tnds tpb l! b+bht,lhi g rbml+br smbhgrdl mgh nghaib dt.
h brrlr ]tgtb%bhts
-liil"dhj grb brrlr stgtb%bhts (
7. h ;rrlr Sbsu%b :bxt
#. h ;rrlr l tl 9
0. brr.hu%cbr
5. brr.absmrdptdlh
h ;rrlr Sbsu%b :bxt(
h ;rrlr Sbsu%b :bxt stgtb%bht bhgcibs tnb ;rrlr nghaidhj dh tnb mlab.D! tnbrb ds brrlr dh tnb
mlab /h brrlr Sbsu%b :bxt/ djhlrbs dt gha mlhtdhub "dtn hbxt idhb l! mlab.
h ;rrlr l tl 9(
h brrlr jlt tl 9 stgtb%bht adsgcibs brrlr nghaidhj "b ng+b prb+ddlusi bhgciba dt c usdhj h
;rrlr rbsu%b :bxt.
brr.hu%cbr gha brr.absmrdptdlh(
rl+dabs tnb brrlr hu%cbr gha tnb absmrdptdlh l! tnb brrlr
77)Mnbmfpldhts
Mnbmfpldht bhgcibs usbr tl dabhtd! "nbtnbr $GQ ds mlrrbmti "lrfdhj lr hlt c ml%pgrdhj
murrbht +giub l! g pgrtdmuigr prlpbrt "dtn bxpbmtba +giub l! tngt prlpbrt.
Qpbs l! Mnbmfpldhts dh =Q(
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7 .]tghagra mnbmf pldht
# .>dt %gp mnbmf pldht
0 .Qbxt mnbmf pldht5 .Qbxt grbg mnbmf pldht
C .gtg cgsb mnbmf pldht
. B?@ Mnbmf pldht
J. Qgcib mnbmfpldht
O. D%gjb mnbmfpldht
F. gjb mnbmf pldht
79. $mmbssdcdidt mnbmf pldht
7#)Qpbs l! gtgQgcib(
bsdjh Qd%b gtgQgcib( Zndib mrbgtdhj badtdhj tnb tbst smrdpts, lu bhtbr agtg adrbmti dh tnb
agtg tgcib adspigba tnbrb. 3lu mgh +db" agtg tgcib c sbibmtdhj Kdb" 88 gtg Qgcib lptdlh. Qnds agtg
tgcib ds mgiiba bsdjh Qd%b gtgQgcib.
Suhtd%b gtgQgcib( Qnb agtg tgcib usba "ndib ruhhdhj tnb tbst ds mgiiba Suhtd%b gtgQgcib. Qnb
agtg dh tnb ruhtd%b agtg tgcib %g cb sg%b gs absdjh td%b agtg tgcib ghalr mgh cb bhtbrba c
d%plrtdhj agtg !rl% bxmbi snbbt, tbxt !dib btm. Qnb ruhtd%b agtg tgcib mgh cb sbbh dh tnb Qbst Sbsuits
"dhal" "nbh ruh sbssdlh ds bhaba.
70)gtgQgcib c*bmt ' ?btnlas
&7) $aa ]nbbt(
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl Wgaa lhb hb" snbbt tl tnb ruh td%b agtg tgcib.
]htgx( gtgQgcib.$aa]nbbt /snbbt hg%b/
;x( gtgQgcib.$aa]nbbt /jmrbaa/
) bibtb ]nbbt(
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl Wabibtb lhb spbmd!dba snbbt !rl% tnb Suh Qd%b gtg tgcib.
]htgx( agtgtgcib.bibtb]nbbt &]nbbtRD)
;x( agtgtgcib.bibtb]nbbt &0)
&0) bt]nbbtMluhtZb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl mluht hu%cbr l! snbbts dh tnb ruh td%b agtg tgcib.
]htgx(
agtgtgcib.bt]nbbtMluht
%sjclx agtgtgcib.bt]nbbtMluht
&5) btSl"Mluht
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl mluht hu%cbr l! rl"s dh tnb 7st snbbt
&ilhjbst mliu%h) l! tnb Suh td%b agtg tgcib.
]htgx( agtgtgcib.btSl"Mluht
;x( %sjclx agtgtgcib.btSl"Mluht
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&C) bt]nbbt
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl rbturh g spbmd!dba snbbt !rl% tnb Suh Qd%b agtg tgcib.
]htgx( agtgtgcib.bt]nbbt&]nbbtD);x( %sjclx agtgtgcib. bt]nbbt&7).btSl"Mluht
&) Kgiub
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl sbt lr jbt +giub l! mbii dh tnb spbmd!dba pgrg%btbr gha tnb murrbht
rl" l! tnb Su% td%b agtg tgcib.
Ql sbt agtg
]htgx( agtgtgcib.Kgiub&grg%btbrR:g%b, ]nbbtR:g%b) < Kgiub +grdgcib r
agtgtgcib&grg%btbrR:g%b, ]nbbtR:g%b) < Kgiub +grdgcib
Ql jbt agtg]htgx( Kgrdgcib < agtgtgcib.Kgiub&grg%btbrR:g%b, ]nbbtR:g%b) r
Kgrdgcib < agtgtgcib&grg%btbrR:g%b, ]nbbtR:g%b)
;x(
ptdlh bxpidmdt d% g, c, m
g
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]htgx( agtgtgcib.D%plrt Wgtn l! -dib
;x( agtgtgcib.D%plrt W-(Dhputagtg.xis
77) D%plrt]nbbtZb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl d%plrt g spbmd!dba snbbt l! ?dmrlsl!t ;xmbi ]nbbt tl tnb Suhtd%b
gtg tgcib.
]htgx( agtgtgcib.D%plrt]nbbt Wgtn l! -dib, W]lurmb ]nbbt, Wbstdhgtdlh ]nbbt
;x( agtgtgcib.D%plrt]nbbt W;(jmrbaa.xis,0,7
&7#) ;xplrt
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl bxplrt g mlp l! Suh Qd%b gtg tgcib tl ghltnbr ilmgtdlh &Dhmiuadhj
gii snbbts)
]htgx( agtgtgcib.;xplrt Wgtn l! -dib
;x( agtgtgcib.;xplrt W-(jmrbaa.xis
70) ;xplrt]nbbt
Zb mgh usb tnds %btnla tl bxplrt g mlp spbmd!dba snbbt l! Suh Qd%b gtg tgcib tl tnb bxdstdhj
lr hb" ;xmbi -dib.
]htgx( agtgtgcib.;xplrt]nbbt Wgtn l! -dib, W]nbbt :g%b ]lurmb ]nbbt
;x( agtgtgcib.;xplrt]nbbt W-(jmrbaa.xis, #
75)urplsb l! ilcgi snbbt $mtdlh snbbt dh =Q
ilcgi ]nbbt ds usba !lr ilcgi usb, tngt %bghs "ngt lu
bhtbrba dh jilcgi snbbt tngt snluia cb usba dh gh gmtdlh
dh tnb Qbst !lr bxg%pib( tbst7 ng+dhj 5gmtdlh. gt tngt
td%b lu "ght tl pgrg%btbrdIb tnb sl%b lc*bmt dh gii
gmtdlhs "dtn sg%b Qbst gtg. gt tnds td%bs usba jilcgi snbbt
$mtdlh ]nbbt ds usba !lr ilmgi usb, tngt %bghs d! lu "ght
tl pgrg%btbrdIb tnb gmtdlhs dhad+daugii "dtn dhabpbhabht
tbst agtg dh tbst, gt tngt td%b "b grb usb $mtdlh ]nbbt
7C)Mgpturb Qbxt lh gh d%gjb c usdhj =Q
]lih7.
Gsdhj =Q >dt%gp Mnbmfldht, pdmturb mgh cb +brd!dba gjgdhst tnb prb+dlusi rbmlraba pdmturb.
]lih#.
3lu mgh usb btKdsdcibQbxt %btnla tl bxtrgmt tbxt !rl% tnb pdmturb &gha ml%pgrb tbxt dh tnb
pdmturb). Qnds ds jbhbrgii usba "nbh =Q ds uhgcib tl dabhtd! tnb pgrtdmuigr mlhtrli.
]htgx !lr btKdsdcibQbxt(
strQbxt
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7)d!!brbhmbs cbt"bbh D%gjb Mnbmfpldht gha >dt%gp Mnbmfpldht dh =Q.
cdt%gp mnbmf pldht ds mnbmfdhj g pgrtdmuigr grbg lr pgrt l! gh d%gjb.."nbrbgs D%gjb mnbmf pldhtpldht ds mnbmfdhj tnb bhtdrb "dhal" l! tnb d%gjb
D%gjb mnbmfpldhts bhgcib lu tl mnbmf tnb prlpbrtdbs l! g Zbc d%gjb. 3lu mgh mnbmf gh grbg l!
g Zbc pgjb lr gppidmgtdlh gs g cdt%gp. Zndib mrbgtdhj g tbst lr ml%plhbht, lu spbmd! tnb grbg lu
"ght tl mnbmf c sbibmtdhj gh lc*bmt. 3lu mgh mnbmf gh bhtdrb lc*bmt lr gh grbg "dtndh gh lc*bmt. =udmf
Qbst mgpturbs tnb spbmd!dba lc*bmt gs g cdt%gp, gha dhsbrts g mnbmfpldht dh tnb tbst lr ml%plhbht. 3lu
mgh gisl mnllsb tl sg+b lhi tnb sbibmtba grbg l! tnb lc*bmt "dtn lur tbst lr ml%plhbht dh lrabr tl
sg+b adsf ]pgmb.
-lr bxg%pib, supplsb lu ng+b g Zbc sdtb tngt mgh adspig g %gp l! g mdt tnb usbr spbmd!dbs.
Qnb %gp ngs mlhtrli fbs !lr Ill%dhj. 3lu mgh rbmlra tnb hb" %gp tngt ds adspigba g!tbr lhb midmf lhtnb mlhtrli fb tngt Ill%s dh tnb %gp. Gsdhj tnb cdt%gp mnbmfpldht, lu mgh mnbmf tngt tnb %gp Ill%s
dh mlrrbmti. 3lu mgh mrbgtb cdt%gp mnbmfpldhts !lr gii supplrtba tbstdhj bh+drlh%bhts &gs ilhj gs tnb
gpprlprdgtb gaa'dhs grb ilgaba). :ltb( Qnb rbsuits l! cdt%gp mnbmfpldhts %g cb g!!bmtba c !gmtlrs
sumn gs lpbrgtdhj sstb%, smrbbh rbsliutdlh, gha mlilr sbttdhjs.
7J)Gsdhj =Q tl mgpturb smrbbh snlt
str-dib:g%b
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Qnbrb grb 0 tpbs l! bh+drlh%bht +grdgcibs(
>udit'dh( =Q prl+dabs g +grdbt l! bh+drlh%bht +grdgcibs tngt ab!dhb dh!lr%gtdlh sumn gs tnb murrbhti
bxbmutdhj tbst hg%b,tnb tbstNs pgtn,lpbrgtdhj sstb%,dts +brsdlh btm..]tbps tl +brd! tnb g+gdigcdidt l! cudit'dh bh+drlh%bht +grdgcibs.
l tl -dib8]bttdhjs8;h+drlh%bht8>udit'dh
$mmbssdhj gh >udit'dh bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib dh ;xpbrt Kdb"
?sjclx ;h+drlh%bht.Kgiub&Wrlaumtdr) ^Dt "dii snl" tnb !liabr pgtn "nbrb tnb prlaumt ds dhstgiibaN
?sjclx ;h+drlh%bht.Kgiub&W$mtdlh:g%b) ^Dt "dii dhadmgtb "ndmn gmtdlh ds murrbhti ruhhdhjN
Gsbr ab!dhba dhtbrhgi( Qnbsb +grdgcibs grb ab!dhba dh g tbst gha sg+ba "dtn tnb tbst.Qnbsb +grdgcibs mgh
cb %lad!dba aurdhj ruh td%b.
]tbps tl mrbgtb gh usbr ab!dhba dhtbrhgi bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib
8 l tl -dib8]bttdhjs8;h+drlh%bht8]bibmt Gsbr'ab!dhba !rl% +grdgcib Qpb arlp al"h @dst
8 Midmf lh gaa dmlh &^PN)
8 $aa :b" ;h+drlh%bht grg%btbr pbhs8 rl+dab sl%b +giubs dh :g%b !dbia&sg ^xN) gha dh +giub !dbia &sg N79A)
8 Midmf 2.
8 :l" Midmf 2 lh Qbst ]bttdhjs Qgc.
$mmbssdhj gh Gsbr'ab!dhba dhtbrhgi bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib dh ;xpbrt Kdb"
?sjclx ;h+drlh%bht.Kgiub&WB) ^Dt "dii adspig tnb +giub "ndmn "b ng+b jd+bh dh +giub !dbia d,b 79A
Gsbr'ab!dhba bxtbrhgi( Qnbsb +grdgcibs grb ab!dhba dh gh bxtbrhgi bh+drlh%bht !dib.Qnbsb +grdgcibs grb
rbga'hi gha mghhlt cb %lad!dba aurdhj ruh'td%b.Qnb bxtbrhgi !dib mgh cb gsslmdgtba "dtn "dtn tnb tbst
gha mgh gisl cb ilgaba gt ruh td%b usdhj @lga-rl%-dib %btnla.
Mrbgtb gh B?@ -dib
;h+drlh%bht8
Kgrdgcib8
:g%b8$aarbss7:g%b8
Kgiub8>>]SKgiub8
Kgrdgcib8
Kgrdgcib8
:g%b8$aarbss#:g%b8
Kgiub8bindKgiub8
Kgrdgcib8
;h+drlh%bht8
]tbps tl Mrbgtb gh usbr ab!dhba bxtbrhgi bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib
8Mrbgtb gh B?@ !dib gha ]g+b tnb !dib dh g ilmgtdlh tngt ds gmmbssdcib !rl% tnb =udmf Qbst.8l tl -dib8]bttdhjs8;h+drlh%bht8]bibmt Gsbr'ab!dhba !rl% +grdgcib Qpb arlp al"h @dst
8]bibmt tnb ^@lga Kgrdgcibs gha +giubs !rl% bxtbrhgi !dibN Mnbmf clx.
8Gsb tnb crl"sb cuttlh lr bhtbr tnb !uii pgtn l! tnb B?@ !dib .
8Qnb +grdgcibs ab!dhba dh tnb sbibmtba !dib grb adspigba dh ciub mlilur dh tnb idst l! usbr'ab!dhba
bh+drlh%bht +grdgcibs "dtn dts Qpb gs ;xtbrhgi.
8Midmf 2 lh Qbst ]bttdhjs Qgc.
$mmbssdhj gh Gsbr'ab!dhba ;xtbrhgi bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib dh ;xpbrt Kdb"
?sjclx ;h+drlh%bht.Kgiub&W:g%b) ^Dt "dii adspig tnb +giub "ndmn "b ng+b prl+daba !lr tnb
bh+drlh%bht +grdgcib :g%bN
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7F ) Qpbs l! lc*bmt (
g) Suh td%b lc*bmt ( c*bmt prbsbht dh $GQ idfb ' >uttlhs, @dhfs btmc) Qbst c*bmt ( Sb!brbhmb l! Suhtd%b lc*bmt idfb ' Zdh;adt, Zdhcuttlh,@dhf btm
m) Gtdidt c*bmt ( c*bmt rbsbr+ba dh Ltp idfb ' sstb%Gtdi,Sbplrtbr,]br+dmb,;h+drlh%bht
a) $utl%gtdlh lc*bmt Gsbr b!dhba c*bmt ' !dibsstb% lc*bmt , $alalac lc*bmt
#9) $a+ghtgjb l! Ltp 79.9
g):b" Q gha Qgsfs pghb
=Q 79 dhtrlaumb g hb" Q gha Qgsf pghbs. Qnb tgsf pghbs mgh cb upagtb adrbmti c gaadhj
ml%%bhts tl tnb badtlr W^tlal tnds ds g tgsf. Qnds !bgturb ds lh g smrdpt tl smrdpt cgsds gha tnb tlal tgsfs
grb hlt stlrba gt g mbhtrgi ilmgtdlh "ndmn mluia ng+b cbbh g jrbgt ga+ghtgjb tl %ghgjb smrdpts upagtbs.
c);hnghmb%bht tl Qbst Sbplrtdhj
Qnb dhgcdidt tl gaa d%gjbs tl tbst rbsuits &"dtnlut "lrfgrluha) "gs g cdj prlcib% !lr +grdlus =Q
usbrs. Qnds prlcib% ngs cbbh sli+ba dh =Q 79 gha "lrfs sbg%ibssi "bii "dtn =M dhtbjrgtdlh gs "bii.
Qnb ^Sbplrtbr.Sbplrt;+bhtN %btnla hl" tgfbs ghltnbr pgrg%btbrs "ndmn mgh cb usba tl dhsbrt d%gjb tl
tnb tbst rbsuits
Sbplrtbr.Sbplrt;+bht ;+bht]tgtus, Sbplrt]tbp:g%b, btgdis E, D%gjb-dibgtnH
m)]g+b Qbst "dtn Sbslurmbs
:l" "b mgh sg+b tnb ml%pibtb tbst "dtn gii dts abpbhabhmdbs tl tnb ilmgi sstb%. Qnds giil"s plrtgcdidt
l! Qbst !lr abcujjdhj purplsbs.
a)Mgii $mtdlhs hg%dmgii
:l" "b mgh mgii gh $mtdlh hg%dmgii gt ruh'td%b. Qnds "gs lhb !bgturb "ndmn tnb =Q ml%%uhdt
"gs "gdtdhj !lr ilhj td%b. Qnlujn tnbrb ds g "lrfgrluha tl mgii gh gmtdlh ahg%dmgii dh bgridbr
+brsdlhs l! =Q gs absmrdcba dh % grtdmib hg%dm $mtdlh Mgii grt #
Qnb @lga$haSuh$mtdlh %btnla giil"s mgiidhj gh $mtdlh !lr @lmgi sstb% lr =ugidt mbhtbr gt ruh'td%b.
@lga$haSuh$mtdlh&Qbstgtn, $mtdlh:g%b, EDtbrgtdlhH, Egrg%btbrsH)
b)Mustl% >dt%gp Ml%pgrdslh
Qnds ds ghltnbr dhdtdgtd+b !rl% 4 tl giil" =Q usbrs tnb gcdidt tl bxtbha tnb !uhmtdlhgidtdbs l! =Q.
$!tbr Zbc, Tg+g gha .:;Q ;xtbhsdcdidt =Q 79 hl" giil"s lu tl mrbgtb mustl% >dt%gp ml%pgrdslh
@@s. Zbii tnb g+gdigcdidt l! 2hl"ibajbDhclx ]mrbbhMgpturb gha Ml%pgrdslh $D tl al tnb *lc !lr %b D
hb+br !bit tnb hbba tl bxpilrb tnds !bgturb. >ut tnds mgh cb usba "nbh lu grb illfdhj gt >dt%gp
ml%pgrdslh "nbrb mustl% ml%pgrdslh hbbas tl cb alhb, ;x Ml%pgrdhj g hlr%gi d%gjb "dtn g
"gtbr%grfba +brsdlh l! tnb sg%b d%gjb.
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=7. 4l" tl !dha tnb ibhjtn l! strdhj dh =Q
$hs"br '3lu mgh !dha tnb ibhjtn l! tnb strdhj usdhj lhb +c smrdpt !uhmtdlh mgiiba ibh.
]upplsb lu "ght tl !dha tnb ibhjtn l! /sgiuhfb/ tnbh lu "dii ng+b tnb cbil" stgtb%bht "ndmn "diiprdht tnb ibhjtn l! strdhj .
prdht ibh&/sgiuhfb/)
=#. 4l" tl !dha tnb murrbht sstb% td%b dh =Q
$hs"br ' 3lu mgh !dha tnb murrbht sstb% td%b usdhj Qd%b !uhmtdlh dh +csmrdpt.
rdht td%b
=0. 4l" tl rb%l+b gii spgmbs !rl% jd+bh strdhj dh =Q
$hs"br ' Zb mgh usb rbpigmb !uhmtdlh dh +csmrdpt tl rb%l+b gii spgmbs dh strdhj.
b.j. hb"strdhj < rbpigmb&strdhj"dtnspgmbs,/ /,//)
=5. 4l" tl !dha tnb %lauius l! g hu%cbr dh =Q$hs"br ' Zb mgh !dha tnb %lauius l! jd+bh hu%cbr usdhj ? lpbrgtlr.
g < 79 %la C
prdht g
=C. 4l" tl !dha tnb sdIb l! grrg dh =Q
$hs"br ' Ql !dha tnb sdIb l! grrg, "b mgh usb ucluha !uhmtdlh dh =Q.
prdht ucluha&grr) ' Aprdhts uppbr cluha l! grrg.
=. Zngt ds tnb ad!!brbhmb cbt"bbh crb! gha c+gi dh =Q
$hs"br ' 3lu mgh pgss tnb pgrg%btbrs tl !uhmtdlh lr prlmbaurb usdhj crb! lr c+gi %btnla.
crb! "dii pgss tnb gaarbss l! +grdgcib cut c+gi "dii pgss tnb mlp l! +grdgcib. ]l "nbh lu "ght tnb
pgssba +giub tl mnghjb, lu mgh pgss tnb +giub usdhj crb! %btnla. tnbr"dsb lu mgh pgss dt usdhj
c+gi %btnla.
=J. 4l" tl !dha tnb ad!!brbhmb cbt"bbh # agtbs dh =Q
$hs"br ' 3lu mgh !dha tnb ad!!brbhmb cbt"bbh # agtbs usdhj agtbad!! !uhmtdlh. 3lu mgh jbt tnb ad!!brbhmb
dh tbr%s l! %dhutbs, sbmlhas, nlurs, %lhtns lr bgrs.
=O. 4l" tl jbhbrgtb tnb rghal% hu%cbr dh jd+bh rghjb dh =Q
$hs"br(
?dh < 7
?gx < 79
Sghal%dIb
Sghal%:u%cbr < &Dht&&%gx'%dhP7)_ShaP%dh))
= F. 4l" tl mrbgtb gh grrg l! admtdlhgrdbs dh =Q
$hs"br ' Zb mgh mrbgtb tnb grrg l! admtdlhgr idfb nl" "b mrbgtb grrg l! smgigr +grdgcibs.
]htgx ds snl"h cbil"
Abmigrb $rrg "dtn C bib%bhts
d% %$rrg&C)
A?gfb !drst bib%bht dh grrg gs g admtdlhgr lc*bmt
]bt %$rrg&9) < mrbgtblc*bmt&/smrdptdhj.admtdlhgr/)
Ahmb "b ng+b g admtdlhgr lc*bmt, Zb mgh usb dts %btnlas idfb gaa, rb%l+b, rb%l+bgii btm
%$rrg&9).$aa/%fb/,/%+giub/
Aadspig dtb% +giub l! %fb dh admtdlhgr %$rrg&9)
prdht %$rrg&9)&/%fb/)
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%$rrg&9).rb%l+bgii
= 79. 4l" Mgh "b stlrb grrg +grdgcib dh admtdlhgr dh =Q
$hs"br '
d% g
g < grrg,0,5,C)
]bt a < mrbgtblc*bmt&/]mrdptdhj.dmtdlhgr/)
a.$aa /%fb/, g
prdht a&/%fb/)&9)
= 77. Zngt ds "dh0# $D gha nl" tl usb dt dh =Q
$hs"br '
"dh0# $D ds gh $D tngt mgh cb usba tl pbr!lr% ad!!brbht ga%dhdstrgtd+b tgsfs. Dt ngs %gh ZD:0#
migssbs idfb Zdh0#Rrlmbss btm.
>bil" ;xg%pib usba Zdh0# $D dh =Q tl milsb tnb prlmbss c dts hg%b.
Abt tnb Z?D lc*bmt
]bt Z?D < btc*bmt&/"dh%j%ts(ilmginlstrlltmd%+#/)
Abt mliibmtdlh l! prlmbssbs !lr "dtn hg%b phg%b
]bt giip < Z?D.;xbm=ubr&/]bibmt _ !rl% Zdh0#Rrlmbss Znbrb :g%b < A/ phg%b /A/)
A@llp tnrlujn bgmn prlmbss gha tbr%dhgtb dt
-lr ;gmn p dh giip
p.Qbr%dhgtb&)
:bxt
Qnds ds nl" "b mgh usb "dh0# $D dh =Q.
Nlw tl `btmn agtg `rle agtgcgsb dh WQ[
]bt ac < mrbgtblc*bmt&/$>.Mlhhbmtdlh/)
ac.pbh /rl+dabr
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A
A
A
Qbst;haQd%b
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7;; WQ[ Dhtbrvdbw WubstdlhsQnds qubstdlhhgdrb ds advdaba dhtl Cbjdhhbr gha Gavghmb qubstdlhs. D` ylu grb prl`dmdbht dh WQ[ sfdp tl
Wubstdlh # 2; nbrb. Qnlujn, wb rbmleebha rbgadhj GII qubstdlhs, gs dt wdii prbp ylu up `lr dhtbrvdbw
7) Zndmn bhvdrlhebhts grb supplrtba cy WQ[
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@lrbelst ylu wdii sbibmt Ogvg Gaa - Dh gha iguhmn WQ[. Hbxt stbp rbmlra lpbrgtdlhs lh tnb Ogvg Qrbb. D`
ylu `gmb gh dssub wndib rbmlradhj, ylu mgh sbibmt Qllis 8 Lcobmt Dabhtd`dmgtdlh 8 Ogvg, trbb lcobmt gha
egfb mnghjbs dh eghagtlry gha gssdstdvb prlpbrtdbs tl bhgcib dabhtd`dmgtdlh.
Qdp? Tlu mgh cgsb ylu ghswbr lh sdedigr idhbs `lr ghy ltnbr lcobmt l` ghy bhvdrlhebht. @lr bxgepib ? D`
tnb qubstdlh ds nlw wdii mnbmf ]G[ mnbmfclx , Tlu sgy , `drst D wdii sbibmt ]G[ Gaa dh ... gha sl lh.
0) Bxpigdh nlw WQ[ dabhtd`dbs lcobmt
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3) Mgii tl Bxdstdhj Gmtdlh. - Dh tnds, Lcobmt Sbplsdtlry , ]mrdpt gha Agtgcib wdii HLQ cb mlpdba cut g
mgii (rb`brbhmb) wluia cb egab tl tnb Gmtdlh dh tnb slurmb smrdpt.
4) Zngt grb Pdrtugi Lcobmts
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73) Zngt ds absmrdptdvb prljrgeedhj
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Bxgepib ? ]bt DB 5 MrbgtbLcobmt("DhtbrhbtBxpilrbr.Gppidmgtdlh")
70) Mgh ylu swdtmn cbtwbbh [br-Gmtdlh gha ]ngrba Lcobmt Sbplsdtlry < D` ybs nlw
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D` pgrgebtbrdzba, tbxt lutput vgiubs wdii mgpturb vgiubs gppbgrdhj dh bgmn dtbrgtdlh wndmn wluia cb stlrba
dh tnb ruh-tdeb agtg tgcib `lr `urtnbr ghgiysds.
33) Zngt ds ]tbp Jbhbrgtlr
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Bhvdrlhebht.Pgiub( "hgeb") 5 "Juru44"
Tlu mgh Sbtrdbvb tnb Bhvdrlhebht Pgrdgcib usdhj `liilwdhj syhtgx
Bhvdrlhebht.Pgiub("hgeb") -- Qnds wdii rbtruh hgeb gs Juru44
Bhvdrlhebht.Pgiub("L]") -- Qnds wdii rbturh ylur systbe L]
3:) Zngt ds tnb Ad``brbhmb cbtwbbh Cdtegp Mnbmf pldht & Degjb Mnbmf pldht) Zngt ds tnb ad``brbhmb cbtwbbh `uhmtdlhs gha gmtdlhs dh WQ[
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2) Suh ylur Qbsts - Dh tnds pngsb ylu wdii pbr`lre tnb gmtugi bxbmutdlh l` ylur Qbst ]mrdpt.
0) Ghgiyzdhj tnb tbst rbsuits - Lhmb tbst ruh ds mlepibtb, ylu wdii ghgiyzb tnb rbsuits dh tnb Qbst @usdlh
rbplrt jbhbrgtba.
:) Sbplrtdhj ab`bmts - Ghy dhmdabhts dabhtd`dba hbbas tl cb rbplrtba. D` ylu grb usdhj Wugidty Mbhtbr ,
ab`bmts mgh cb gutlegtdmgiiy rgdsba `lr `gdiba tbsts dh WQ[.
=7) Zngt grb tnb ad``brbht typbs l` Qbst Gutlegtdlh @rgebwlrfs
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a) AH] hgeb
Tlu mgh mlab tnb agtgcgsb mlhhbmtdvdty mleegha adrbmtiy lr ylu mgh usb tnb ]WIWubry tlli prlvdaba
cy WQ[.
=0) Zngt ds WQ[ cgtmn tbstdhj tlli
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Bx.
Ade tbep 'Zdii abmigrb tnb tbep vgrdgcib
]bt tbep 5 3; ' Zdii gssdjh g vgiub 3; tl tbep.
17) Zngt ds JbtSl[rlpbrty
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1>) Zngt ds tnb Gmtdlh Mlhvbrsdlh Qlli
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"y]nbii51ltnd%#2
Qnb lutput wdii cb .CGQ6.MEA6.PC]6. PCB6. O]6. O]B
Ltnbr usbr vgrdgcib, idfb QBE[, lvbrwrdtb tnbdr systbe mluhtbrpgrt
]bt "y]nbii 5 MrbgtbLcobmt( Z]mrdpt.]nbii )
Z]mrdpt.-mnl "y]nbii.-,pg%a-%vdrl%"b%t]trd%#s( 3-E;5/3-E;/ )
"y]nbii51ltnd%#
Qnb lutput wdii cb
QBE[?M?YALMREB~7YTluYILMGI]~7YQbep
2=) Ebhtdlh tnb stbps rbqudrba dh R@Q tl sbha egdi `rle lutillf<
Ql sbha egdi `rle lutillf dh R@Q,
]bt Lutill! 5 MrbgtbLcobmt (Lutill!.7ppidmgtdl%)
0d" Ebssg#b :7s Lutill!.Egdi>tb"
]bt Ebssg#b 5 Lutill!.Mrbgtb>tb"(liEgdi>tb")
Zdtn Ebssg#b
.]ucobmt 5 ]ucobmt
.3E4?lay 5 3b,t?lay
.Sbmdpdb%ts.7aa (g3l)
Ml%st liLrd#d%gtlr 5 6
.]b%a
-%a Zdtn
21) Bxpigdh nlw ylu mgh `btmn agtg `rle agtgcgsb dh R@Q
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Alr d56 tl daJN
;rd%t rst.dbia (6) D rst.dbias (N) D rst.dbias (O) D rst.dbias (@)
rst.Elvb%b,t
1b,t
22) Zngt grb tnb mlabs wb mgh usb tl jbt `dibs `rle `tp sbrvbr dh R@Q
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]bt 5 Al.lpb%3b,tAdib (mK+"yAdib.t,t2I2trub) : lpb% d% &rdtb "lab
.Zrdtb (ml%tb%ts)
.Milsb
]bt 5 %ltnd%#
0;) Nlw tl wrdtb agtg tl bxmbi `dib dh R@Q
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Agtg Ardvbh @rgebwlrf?Dt ds usba tl tbst sgeb `ilw wdtn ad``brbht tbst agtg, tbst agtg ds jdvbh
elrb deplrtghmb tngh euitdpib `uhmtdlhgidty l` gppidmgtdlh
Nycrda @rgebwlrf?Dt ds g mlecdhgtdlh l` agtg ardvbh `rgebwlrf gha fbywlra.01) Znbh wb snluia usb absmrdptdvb prljrgeedhj dh R@Q
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$rrg dmtdlhgr
hg%dm grrg ds plssdcib Qnbrb ds hl mlhmbpt l! ahg%dm admtdlhgr
]dIb l! grrg %ust cb sbt cb!lrb tnb usb l!
grrgQnb sdIb l! admtdlhgr al hlt hbba tl cb sbt
Zb ng+b tl usb rbad% stgtb%bht cb!lrb
gaadhj bxtrg bib%bht dhtl ahg%dm grrg
Ql gaa bxtrg bib%bht tnbrb ds hl hbba tl
"rdtb gh stgtb%bht. Zb *ust usb gaa %btnla
Qnbrb ds hl pgrtdmuigr %btnla tl rbibgsb tnb
%b%lr d! pgrtdmuigr bib%bht ds hlt rbLudrba
;ib%bht "ndmn ds hlt rbLudrba gh ilhjbr
mgh cb rb%l+ba !rl% tnb admtdlhgr
0>) Zngt ds rluha `uhmtdlh dh R@Qa
Ey-,mbi.&lr!snbbts(N).Mbiis(N2O).$giub 5 ]mb%grdl 1g"b
Ey-,mbi.&lr!snbbts(N).Mliu"%s(N).Mliu"%Zdatn 5 N6
Ey-,mbi.&lr!snbbts(N).Mliu"%s(O).Mliu"%Zdatn 5 6
Ey-,mbi.&lr!snbbts(N).Mliu"%s(@).Mliu"%Zdatn 5 O6
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Ey-,mbi.&lr!snbbts(N).Mliu"%s().Mliu"%Zdatn 5 O6
Ey-,mbi.]gvb7s mK+#uruGG.,is,
Ey-,mbi.milsb
lco-,mbi.Hudt
ci%Aig# 5 Agisb
:3) Bxpigdh dh wngt wgys wb mgh bxplrt agtgtgcib tl bxmbi dh R@Q
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Qnbrb grb tnrbb typbs l` brrlr tngt lhb wdii `gmb dh R@Q
g) ]yhtgx Brrlrs
c) Iljdmgi Brrlrs
m) Suhtdeb Brrlrs
:2) Zngt grb tnb wgys ylu mgh nghaib ruh tdeb brrlrs
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:4) Nlw tl gaa syhmnrlhdsgtdlh pldhts dh WQ[;) Dh WQ[ bxpigdh wngt ds mrypt lcobmt
Mrypt lcobmt dh WQ[ ds usba tl bhmrypt g strdhjs.
]yhtgx
Mrypt.Bhmrypt(Juru44)
Bxgepib ?
Dh tnds bxgepib, vgiub dh pwa vgrdgcib ds bhmryptba usdhj tnb Mrypt. Bhmrypt ebtnla.
Qnbh tnds bhmryptba vgiub ds bhtbrba dhtl badtclx.
p&a5 "yvgiub
p&a 5 Mrypt.-%mrypt (p&a)
?rl&sbr("yc).Zd%-adt (p&a). ]bt]bmurb p&a
>7) Ebhtdlh wngt ds tnb ad``brbhmb cbtwbbh Bxmbmutb `dib gha ilga`uhmtdlh idcrgry 3) Bxpigdh nlw ylu mgh `dha ibhjtn l` grrgy dh WQ[=) Ebhtdlh wngt grb tnb ad``brbht typbs l` rbmlradhj elabs dh WQ[< Zndmn wdii cb usba wnbh
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g) Hlregi elab ? Dt ds tnb ab`guit rbmlradhj elab gha usba `lr elst l` tnb gutlegtdlh gmtdvdtdbs.
Sbjgraibss l` tnbdr plsdtdlh lh smrbbh dt rbmljhdzbs lcobmts.
c) Ilw ibvbi rbmlradhj elab? Dt ds usb`ui `lr rbmlradhj lcobmts hlt dabhtd`dba cy hlregi elab l` WQ[.
Dt rbmlras tnb bxgmt x,y mllradhgtbs l` ylur elusb lpbrgtdlhs.
m) Ghgilj elab? Qnds elab ds usb`ui `lr tnb lpbrgtdlh sumn gs rbmlradhj sdjhgturb, argwdhj g pdmturb,
argj gha arlp lpbrgtdlh.
>1) Dh wngt wgys ylu mgh mgii `rle lhb gmtdlh tl ghltnbr gmtdlh2) Zngt ds Lptdlhgi stbp dh WQ[ < Nlw ylu mgh gaa lptdlhgi stbp dh WQ[0) Nlw tl ab`dhb grrgy dh WQ[:) Nlw ylu mgh wrdtb mlhtbxts tl tbxt `dib dh WQ[
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Ml%tb%t 5
1b,t
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Gmtdlh ; ds mrbgtba cy ab`guit wnbh ylu mrbgtb g hbw tbst dh WQ[ gilhj wdtn gmtdlh 7. Ql abtbredhb tnb
sbqubhmb dh wndmn wb mgii ltnbr gmtdlhs 7,3,= btm. gmtdlh ; ds usba.
4=) Bxpigdh nlw ylu mgh rbpigmb strdhj dh WQ[
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-,g"pibJ g5 JN
;rd%t gcs(g) lutput &dii cb N
Qnds mlab wdii `dha tnb gcsliutb vgiub l` g huecbr
4>) Nlw ylu mgh mnbmf d` pgrgebtbr bxdsts dh Agtgtgcib
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wbcsdtb, wdii usb tbxt - tl -spbbmn mlhvbrtbrs gha gt ibgst uhabrstgha wngt tnb degjb ds gclut d` hlt sbb dt.
Gii tnbsb stghagras grb mnbmfba cy Gmmbssdcdidty Mnbmfpldhts.