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Psychosocial foundationsof behavior and
psychopathologyFAMILY INFLUENCES
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Paper I unit V
Family influences:1. Early deprivation and trauma
2. neglect and abuse3. attachment4. separation5. inadequate parenting styles
6. marital discord and divorce7. maladaptive peer relationships8. communication style9. family burden
10. expressed emotions and relapse.
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I. Parental deprivation: unstable self and other schemas
Institutionalization: low warmth, lowintellectual/emotional/social stimulationlack of encouragement=greater risk ofpsychopathology
Role of protective factors
II. Neglect and abuse: Environmental deprivation and abuse (low
income families) results in delays indevelopment, failure to thrive, behavior
problems, linguistic development, depression,anxiety over aggressiveness
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III. Attachment Characteristics of Attachment Bowlby believed that there are four
distinguishing characteristics of attachment:Proximity Maintenance - The desire to be nearthe people we are attached to.
Safe Haven - Returning to the attachmentfigure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear
or threat.
Secure Base - The attachment figure acts as abase of security from which the child can explorethe surrounding environment.
Separation Distress - Anxiety that occurs inthe absence of the attachment figure.
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Infant attachment styles:secure, insecure-ambivalent, insecure-
avoidant and disorganized/disoriented.
Adult attachment styles:secure, anxious-preoccupied,dismissive-avoidant and fearful-
avoidant
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Separation
Prolonged separation leads to insecure
attachment
Despair and detachment
Vulnerability to stressors in adulthood
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Inadequate parenting styles
Parental psychopathology
Parenting style: warmth and control Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive-indulgent
Neglectful-uninvolved
Inadequate, irrational and angrycommunication
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Marital discord andDivorce
Marital discord: risk and protective factors
Divorce: Effect on parents
Effects on children Single parenting
Presence of step parents
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Maladaptive peer relationships
Rejection and Isolation
Bullying
Teasing
Conduct disorder
Depression
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communication style
George Bateson(1959)-Double-bindcommunications, Scapegoating,
Singer and Wynne (1963)-Amorphous andfragmented styles of thinking and
communication
Lidz: family collusion, Marital skew andschisms
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Family burden
Stress
Stigma
Paradox of treatment
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Expressed emotions
Vaughan and Leff
Over involvement
Over criticality
Hostility
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THANK YOUFor the patient listening