Psychosocial Foundations of Behavior and Psychopathology

7/29/2019 Psychosocial Foundations of Behavior and Psychopathology

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Psychosocial foundationsof behavior and

psychopathologyFAMILY INFLUENCES


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Paper I unit V

Family influences:1. Early deprivation and trauma

2. neglect and abuse3. attachment4. separation5. inadequate parenting styles

6. marital discord and divorce7. maladaptive peer relationships8. communication style9. family burden

10. expressed emotions and relapse.


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I. Parental deprivation: unstable self and other schemas

Institutionalization: low warmth, lowintellectual/emotional/social stimulationlack of encouragement=greater risk ofpsychopathology

Role of protective factors

II. Neglect and abuse: Environmental deprivation and abuse (low

income families) results in delays indevelopment, failure to thrive, behavior

problems, linguistic development, depression,anxiety over aggressiveness


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III. Attachment Characteristics of Attachment Bowlby believed that there are four

distinguishing characteristics of attachment:Proximity Maintenance - The desire to be nearthe people we are attached to.

Safe Haven - Returning to the attachmentfigure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear

or threat.

Secure Base - The attachment figure acts as abase of security from which the child can explorethe surrounding environment.

Separation Distress - Anxiety that occurs inthe absence of the attachment figure.


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Infant attachment styles:secure, insecure-ambivalent, insecure-

avoidant and disorganized/disoriented.

Adult attachment styles:secure, anxious-preoccupied,dismissive-avoidant and fearful-

avoidant


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Separation

Prolonged separation leads to insecure

attachment

Despair and detachment

Vulnerability to stressors in adulthood


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Inadequate parenting styles

Parental psychopathology

Parenting style: warmth and control Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive-indulgent

Neglectful-uninvolved

Inadequate, irrational and angrycommunication


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Marital discord andDivorce

Marital discord: risk and protective factors

Divorce: Effect on parents

Effects on children Single parenting

Presence of step parents


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Maladaptive peer relationships

Rejection and Isolation

Bullying

Teasing

Conduct disorder

Depression


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communication style

George Bateson(1959)-Double-bindcommunications, Scapegoating,

Singer and Wynne (1963)-Amorphous andfragmented styles of thinking and

communication

Lidz: family collusion, Marital skew andschisms


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Family burden

Stress

Stigma

Paradox of treatment


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Expressed emotions

Vaughan and Leff

Over involvement

Over criticality

Hostility


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THANK YOUFor the patient listening

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Psychosocial Foundations of Behavior and Psychopathology