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Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.
Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/eAbnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e
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McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation forA PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
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Chapter 17Chapter 17
Mental Retardation and AutismMental Retardation and Autism
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Chapter Main PointsChapter Main Points
Mental Retardation Autism Society and People with Developmental
Disorders Prevention and Therapy
Mental Retardation Autism Society and People with Developmental
Disorders Prevention and Therapy
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Mental RetardationMental Retardation
Criteria for Mental Retardation: Significantly sub-average general intellectual
functioning Significant limitations in adaptive functioning Onset before 18 years of age
Criteria for Mental Retardation: Significantly sub-average general intellectual
functioning Significant limitations in adaptive functioning Onset before 18 years of age
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Levels of Mental RetardationLevels of Mental Retardation
Mild Retardation: IQ of 50-55 to 70
Moderate Retardation: IQ of 35-40 to 50-55
Severe Retardation: IQ of 20-25 to 35-40
Profound Retardation: IQ of 20-25 and below
Mild Retardation: IQ of 50-55 to 70
Moderate Retardation: IQ of 35-40 to 50-55
Severe Retardation: IQ of 20-25 to 35-40
Profound Retardation: IQ of 20-25 and below
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Genetic FactorsGenetic Factors
Fragile X Syndrome: The X chromosome shows a weak spot,
where it appears to be bent or broken
Fragile X Syndrome: The X chromosome shows a weak spot,
where it appears to be bent or broken
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Genetic FactorsGenetic Factors
Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21 - an extra chromosome in pair 21
Amniocentesis: A clinical procedure that involves extracting
and analyzing a portion of the amniotic fluid in which the fetus is growing
Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21 - an extra chromosome in pair 21
Amniocentesis: A clinical procedure that involves extracting
and analyzing a portion of the amniotic fluid in which the fetus is growing
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Genetic FactorsGenetic Factors
Metabolic Disturbances: Phenylketonuria (PKU):
Inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
Tay-sachs disease: A defect of lipid metabolism due to the absence of
the enzyme hexosominidase
Metabolic Disturbances: Phenylketonuria (PKU):
Inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
Tay-sachs disease: A defect of lipid metabolism due to the absence of
the enzyme hexosominidase
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Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
Prenatal Environment: Drugs and other Teratogens:
Exposure to damaging chemicals Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Malnutrition: Severe lack of one or more biological building
blocks
Prenatal Environment: Drugs and other Teratogens:
Exposure to damaging chemicals Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Malnutrition: Severe lack of one or more biological building
blocks
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Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
Postnatal Environment: Toxins Physical trauma The effects of deprivation Teenage mothers
Institutionalization
Postnatal Environment: Toxins Physical trauma The effects of deprivation Teenage mothers
Institutionalization
1111
Mental Retardation in AdultsMental Retardation in Adults
Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease Mental Retardation and Other Mental
Disorders
Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease Mental Retardation and Other Mental
Disorders
1212
AutismAutism
Early Infantile Autism: The inability to relate to anyone outside of
oneself
Early Infantile Autism: The inability to relate to anyone outside of
oneself
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Symptoms of AutismSymptoms of Autism
Social Isolation Mental retardation Language Deficits
Echolalia Stereotyped behavior
Social Isolation Mental retardation Language Deficits
Echolalia Stereotyped behavior
1414
Theories of AutismTheories of Autism
The Biological Perspective: Genetic research Chromosome studies Biochemical studies Congenital disorders and birth complications Neurological research
The Biological Perspective: Genetic research Chromosome studies Biochemical studies Congenital disorders and birth complications Neurological research
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Theories of AutismTheories of Autism
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Theories of AutismTheories of Autism
The Cognitive Perspective: Executive function Categorization and memory Social understanding Theory of the mind
The Cognitive Perspective: Executive function Categorization and memory Social understanding Theory of the mind
1717
Society and People with Developmental Disabilities
Society and People with Developmental Disabilities
Public Policy: Free and appropriate education individualization Timely progress reviews Community integration Human rights
Public Policy: Free and appropriate education individualization Timely progress reviews Community integration Human rights
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Society and People with Developmental Disabilities
Society and People with Developmental Disabilities
Community integration Quality of life Support for the family Employment
Community integration Quality of life Support for the family Employment
1919
Prevention and TherapyPrevention and Therapy
Primary Prevention: Genetic analysis and counseling
Secondary Prevention: Early intervention often minimizes severity
Primary Prevention: Genetic analysis and counseling
Secondary Prevention: Early intervention often minimizes severity
2020
Prevention and TherapyPrevention and Therapy
Behavior Therapy: Self-help and adaptive skills Language and communication skills Leisure and community skills Replacement of maladaptive behaviors
Behavior Therapy: Self-help and adaptive skills Language and communication skills Leisure and community skills Replacement of maladaptive behaviors
2121
Prevention and TherapyPrevention and Therapy
Cognitive Therapy: Self-instructional training Correspondence training Self-management and self-monitoring Self-control Problem solving
Cognitive Therapy: Self-instructional training Correspondence training Self-management and self-monitoring Self-control Problem solving
2222
Prevention and TherapyPrevention and Therapy
Pharmacological Therapy: Drug Therapies:
Psychotropic drugs - manage disruptive or aggressive behavior
Anticonvulsive drugs - control seizures
Pharmacological Therapy: Drug Therapies:
Psychotropic drugs - manage disruptive or aggressive behavior
Anticonvulsive drugs - control seizures
2323
Prevention and TherapyPrevention and Therapy
Psychotherapy: Supportive psychotherapy Group psychotherapy Family therapy Client-centered therapy
Psychotherapy: Supportive psychotherapy Group psychotherapy Family therapy Client-centered therapy
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Recapping the Main PointsRecapping the Main Points
Mental Retardation Autism Society and People Developmental
Disorders Prevention and Therapy
Mental Retardation Autism Society and People Developmental
Disorders Prevention and Therapy
2525
End of Chapter 17End of Chapter 17
Mental Retardation and AutismMental Retardation and Autism