MORPHOLOGY
GRAMMAR
MORPHOLOGY
MORPHEMESBOUND
FREE
WORDS
LEXICAL
GRAMMATICAL
NOUNSVERBS
ADJECTIVES(ADVERBS)
PRONOUNSARTICLESADVERBS
PREPOSITIONSCONJUNCTIONS
INFLECTIONAL
DERIVATIONAL
allomorphs
Lexical words
Have a lexical morpheme = ROOTBase = word capable of being transformed
into another wordBases = stems + affix 1 root Stems 1 root + affixes
WORDS
SIMPLE = 1 lexical morpheme
COMPOUND = more than 1 lexical morpheme
Representations of WordsI. Traditional hyphens
Tree- sMad-nessUn-luck - i lyGlo-al-iza-tion
II. Labelled Brackets
Example : globalizationGlobe global globalize globalization
(((( glob ) N al ) A iz) V ation) N
III.Tree diagrams N
V Af
A Af
N Af
globe al ize tion
WORD FORMATION
DERIVATION
COMPOUNDING
AFFIXES
PREFIXES
SUFFIXES
NOUN
LEXICAL WORDS
NOUN
NOUN ADJECT
ADJECT ADEJCT
SUFFIXESOrigin : Latin or derived from GermanAre added to lexical roots = stemsForm new nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
Noun Forming SuffixesAgentive (er,or,ar,ier,eer,yer,ster) Non agentive Abstract nouns endings :_
Latin origin suffixes:
Adjective forming suffixesSuffix Y
Suffix ISH
Suffix FUL
Suffix LESS
Suffix LIKE
Adjective with Latin suffixes
Suffix OUS
Ending IVE
Ending BLE
Ending IC
Ending AL
Verb forming suffixesSuffix EN Ending IZE Suffix ATESuffix ISHEnding FY
Adverb forming Suffixes
Suffix ly Ex.
PrefixesOrigin : Saxon, Latin ,Greek
CompoundingForming new words by combining two already
existing onesNOUNS
ADJECTIVES
Components :
PhrasesComplementary Phrases =
NP PP
Adj N P NP
gold chain of gold
Adverbial Phrase – provides information
about the verb
VP VP
V Adv P V PP
adv p NP
shouted joyfully shouted with joy
SentencesEssential elements of a sentence
COMPOUND SENTENCE A
COMPLEX SENTENCE
A
Relative clausesA.
B. C. D.
We use relative clauses to
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Subject and object pronouns cannot be
distinguished by their forms object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish
them as follows: