Prof. Erik Lu

MORPHOLOGY

GRAMMAR

MORPHOLOGY

MORPHEMESBOUND

FREE

WORDS

LEXICAL

GRAMMATICAL

NOUNSVERBS

ADJECTIVES(ADVERBS)

PRONOUNSARTICLESADVERBS

PREPOSITIONSCONJUNCTIONS

INFLECTIONAL

DERIVATIONAL

allomorphs

Lexical words

Have a lexical morpheme = ROOTBase = word capable of being transformed

into another wordBases = stems + affix 1 root Stems 1 root + affixes

WORDS

SIMPLE = 1 lexical morpheme

COMPOUND = more than 1 lexical morpheme

Representations of WordsI. Traditional hyphens

Tree- sMad-nessUn-luck - i lyGlo-al-iza-tion

II. Labelled Brackets

Example : globalizationGlobe global globalize globalization

(((( glob ) N al ) A iz) V ation) N

III.Tree diagrams N

V Af

A Af

N Af

globe al ize tion

WORD FORMATION

DERIVATION

COMPOUNDING

AFFIXES

PREFIXES

SUFFIXES

NOUN

LEXICAL WORDS

NOUN

NOUN ADJECT

ADJECT ADEJCT

SUFFIXESOrigin : Latin or derived from GermanAre added to lexical roots = stemsForm new nouns, adjectives, and adverbs

Noun Forming SuffixesAgentive (er,or,ar,ier,eer,yer,ster) Non agentive Abstract nouns endings :_

Latin origin suffixes:

Adjective forming suffixesSuffix Y

Suffix ISH

Suffix FUL

Suffix LESS

Suffix LIKE

Adjective with Latin suffixes

Suffix OUS

Ending IVE

Ending BLE

Ending IC

Ending AL

Verb forming suffixesSuffix EN Ending IZE Suffix ATESuffix ISHEnding FY

Adverb forming Suffixes

Suffix ly Ex.

PrefixesOrigin : Saxon, Latin ,Greek

CompoundingForming new words by combining two already

existing onesNOUNS

ADJECTIVES

Components :

N

D H

steam boat

PhrasesComplementary Phrases =

NP PP

Adj N P NP

gold chain of gold

Adverbial Phrase – provides information

about the verb

VP VP

V Adv P V PP

adv p NP

shouted joyfully shouted with joy

SentencesEssential elements of a sentence

SIMPLE SENTENCE

COMPOUND SENTENCE A

COMPLEX SENTENCE

A

Relative clausesA.

B. C. D.

We use relative clauses to

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Subject and object pronouns cannot be

distinguished by their forms object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish

them as follows: