PPT ON ROBOTICS
AEROBOTICSINDIA.COM
ROBOTICS
WHAT IS ROBOTICS• THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY
DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS
• SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS FIELD
• IT FIND ITS USES IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE
What a Robot can mean?• An automatic industrial
machine replacing the human in hazardous work.
• An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home.
• An automatic toy car for a child to play with.
• A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more…
ROBOTICS• It is a field of Engineering that covers the
mimicking of human behavior.• Robotics includes the knowledge of
Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.
Laws of Robotics
The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
Asimov's Laws of Robotics:• A robot may not injure a human being, or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings
except where such order would conflict with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
WHY ROBOTICS ?
• Speed.• It can work hazardous/dangerousenvironment.• To perform repetitive task.• Efficiency• Accuracy• Adaptability
Types of Robot
• Wheeled• Legged• Climbing• Flying
Components of ROBOTS
oStructure oPower sourceoActuation oSensing oManipulation oLocomotion
Structure
• The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain.
• The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.
Power Supply• Suitable power supply is needed to run the
motors and associated circuitry• Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to
24V DC• 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the
needs of our machine• Batteries can also be used to run robots• Robots are driven by different motors :-
o DC Motorso Stepper Motors o Servo Motors
• DC MotorsoAs the name
suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power
oCan run in both directions
oSpeed Controllable
• Stepper Motorso Used for measured
rotationo Can be held at a
particular position of the shaft
o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision
• Servo Motors :o Used in closed loop
control systems in which work is the control variable.
o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself
ACTUATION
• Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement.
• The most popular actuators are electric motors.
MANIPULATION
• Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
• Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator.
• Some manipulators are:o Mechanical Gripperso Vacuum Grippers o General purpose effectors
LOCOMOTION
• It is concerned with the motion of the robot.• Robot contains different types of drives:-
o Differential driveo Car typeo Skid steer driveo Synchronous driveo Pivot driveo Articulated drive
DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS
NON DRIVEN WHEELNON DRIVEN WHEEL NON DRIVEN WHEEL NON DRIVEN WHEEL
DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE
30
STEERING WHEELS STEERING WHEELS
DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS
ACKERMAN DRIVE
DRIVRN FORWARD
DRIVEN REVERSE
SKID STEER DRIVE
SYNCHRONOUS DRIVE
DRIVE SHAFTROTATING PLATFORM
LOWERED PLATFORM
PIVOT DRIVE
Pivot
Linear Actuator
Articulated Drive
ADVANTAGES
• Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems.
• New & wide scope in Education & Training.• A good help in Nuclear industry.• Used tremendously in Sports activities.• Play the role of an efficient assistance in
Research and Development sciences.• Can very well handle household business.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
• Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019 .
• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans.
• In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own.
• The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.