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THE BIOETHICS CENTRE August 2010

CONTENTS

STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT 3

RESEARCH IN THE DEPARTMENT 4

GENERAL STAFF 26

LOCATION & RESOURCES 26

TEACHING IN THE DEPARTMENT 27

PUBLICATIONS 33

Bioethics Centre, University of Otago P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9054

New Zealand

Phone 64 3 4747977 Fax 64 3 4747601

Email bioethics@otago.ac.nz Facebook TheBioethicsCentre

Twitter @bioethicscentre Website www.bioethics.otago.ac.nz

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STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT Academic Staff Head of Department Prof. D.G. Jones Professors D. Evans G. Gillett Associate Professor J-B. Nie Senior Lecturers Dr L.C. Anderson Dr N. Pickering Lecturer S. Walker Professional Practice Fellow S. Elkin Assistant Research Fellows Dr M.R. King M.I. Whitaker General Staff Administrator V. Lang

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RESEARCH IN THE DEPARTMENT The wide range of research projects and activities of the Centre aims to examine the conventional and novel moral dilemmas arising from medical research, clinical settings, and advances brought about by life sciences and biotechnologies. Great efforts are focused on exploring previously rarely-chartered areas and innovative conceptual and methodological approaches. Moreover, the Centre is committed not only to research-informed teaching in its extensive educational program but also to active engagements with social and public policy issues at local, national and international levels. Staff of the Centre have received external research grants from such funding bodies as the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, the Law Foundation, and the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Bioethics is a diverse area of study. Broadly, it includes, but is not limited to: ethical issues in healthcare; conceptual and philosophical questions arising from biology and the technologies that surround it; and the role of science and the humanities in understanding life in all its forms. This research typically involves aspects of many different academic disciplines. Staff at the Centre actively collaborate with researchers from philosophy, the biological sciences, health care, anthropology, sociology, history, law, theology, psychology, and others. The Centre hosts a biennial conference to draw together bioethics researchers throughout New Zealand and beyond to present and discuss theirs and others work.

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Research themes Centre staff have conducted research spanning a wide range of topics within bioethics. This has included distributive justice and resource allocation, the ethics of genetic technologies and stem cell research, and the practice of ethical review committees in New Zealand, among others. Further research can be grouped according to the following themes. Neuroethics: The overlap between neuroscience and ethics creates problems involving neuroimaging and information use, moral aspects of personhood and brain changes that explain behaviour or affect a person’s identity, and the ethical importance of consciousness. Reproductive ethics: Ethical considerations in the use of reproductive technologies, and ethical issues arising from social policy in the area of reproduction: IVF, surrogacy, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, one-child policy in China. Human enhancement: Human performance, behaviour and appearance can be increased beyond that which is normally expected. Enhancement like this is contrasted with therapy or conventional treatment. Examples are cognitive enhancement, enhancement in sport, and cosmetic surgery. Transhumanism represents extreme vistas, with its possibilities of vast life extension. Philosophy and mental health: Is there any such thing as mental disorder, if so, what kind of thing is it, is coercion in psychiatry ever justified, if so, what justifies it, what is the conceptual status of psychotic hallucinations and delusions, should psychiatry be replaced by cognitive neuroscience? Philosophy of medicine: What is the relation between biomedical science and clinical practice, what is the status

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of complementary and alternative medicine, should diseases be regarded realistically, pragmatically or as social constructs, what role should evidence based medicine have in medical decision making? Sports medicine ethics: Ethical considerations that arise from the practice of medicine within sport: threats to medical professionalism from commercial interests in sport, enhancement of sporting achievement, athlete confidentiality within sporting employment structure, responding to athlete risk taking. Cross-cultural ethics: Maori perspectives on genetic biotechnologies and health care, the nature of indigenous knowledge, medical ethics in China, Confucian and Daoist perspectives on bioethics, Chinese voices on abortion, the ideology and ethics of China’s birth control program, the ethics of population engineering in the east and west, Japan’s wartime medical atrocities and international aftermath, the search for a transcultural bioethics. End of life: When should a human life be allowed to end, can a patient request aid in dying, is euthanasia permissible, are there states of living that are worse than death? Should it always be a patient’s choice as to how and when his or her death occurs?

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Dr Lynley C. Anderson Senior Lecturer PhD (Otago) MHealSc NZRP Brief Description of Research Ethics in sports medicine, reproductive ethics, clinical bioethics, professional development, codes of ethics Research interests One of Lynley’s main areas of research interest is in sports medicine ethics: in particular exploring the structure of medicine in sport and the ways in which the contemporary cultural and economic context of elite sport can encourage a deviation from obligations traditionally associated with medicine. In 2007 she was invited to write a new code of ethics for the Australasian College of Sports Physicians which was adopted in 2008. Reproductive ethics is another area of research interest, particularly the development of policy surrounding reproductive procedures and getting the balance right between protection and freedom. Lynley currently serves on the Ethics Committee for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ECART). Professional issues for health professionals are a further area of interest. This includes ways of assisting health

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professionals to maintain professional boundaries, and professional development. Selected Recent Publications Anderson, L., & Pelvin, B. (2010). Ethical frameworks for practice. In S. Pairman, S. Tracy, C. Thorogood, & J.

Pincombe (Eds.), Midwifery: Preparation for practice (2nd

ed.). (pp. 283-297). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier.

Anderson, L. & Pickering, N. (2010) The student code: Ethical and professional expectations of medical students at the University of Otago. New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1318), 43-49.

Anderson, L. & Ellis, E. (2009) Ethics, practice regulation and physiotherapy. In Contexts of Physiotherapy Practice. J. Higgs, M. Smith, G. Webb, M. Skinner & A. Croker, (eds.), Sydney: Elsevier, pp 177-189.

Anderson, L.C. (2009) Writing a new code of ethics for sports physicians – principles and challenges. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 1079-1082.

Anderson, L. (2008) Australasian College of Sports Physicians: Code of ethics and professional behaviour. (adopted April 2008) http://www.acsp.org.au/

Anderson, L. & Pickering, N. (2008) Ethical review of physiotherapy research. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy, 36(3), 138-143.

Anderson, LC. (2008) Contractual obligations and the sharing of confidential health information in sport. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34, e6.

Anderson, L. (2007) Doctoring risk: responding to risk taking in athletes. Ethics, Philosophy and Sport, 1(2), 119-134.

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Sandy Elkin Professional Practice Fellow MBHL (Otago) BA (Hons) Open University (UK) MCSP (Dist) Royal London Hospital NZRP Brief Description of Research Bioethics and clinical teaching. Research interests Ethics in clinical practice for non-medical health professionals. The interface between law and ethics and the relevance of medical law to clinicians. Ethics in pharmacy practice. Selected Recent Publications Elkin, S.A. (2004). New developments: Bioethics and health law in New Zealand [Bioethics commentary]. New Zealand Bioethics Journal, 5(1), 4-8.

Elkin, S.A. (2004). The integration of ethics teaching in the therapy professions. Focus on Health Professional Education, 5(3), 1-6.

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Professor Donald Evans PhD (Wales) BA Honours Member of the Russian Academy of Humanitarian Research. Brief Description of Research

ethical and philosophical dimensions of clinical practice

ethics and resource allocation

ethical issues in assisted reproduction

ethical review of human participant research

ethics of biotechnologies Research interests Professor Evans has spent 25 years on the development of Health Care Ethics curricula and teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He has designed and provided training to members of ethical review committees throughout that period. He has conducted various commissioned research projects for public bodies, government and international organisations and provided ethics consultations with practitioners in a variety of New Zealand and international

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Health Care settings. He is currently President of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee and is a member of the World Commission on Ethics in Science and technology and the UNESCO Commission on the Teaching of Medical Ethics. He has recently served six years as the international member of the Canadian Institutes of Health Stem Cell Oversight Committee. Selected Recent Publications Evans D. (2010) Whakapapa, genealogy, and genetics. Bioethics (forthcoming)

Evans D. (2009). Autonomy and Individual Responsibility. In The UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights: Background, principles and application. A.M ten Have & M.S. Jean, (eds.), Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp. 111-122.

Evans, D. (2008). Values in Medicine: What are we really doing to patients? London: Routledge-Cavendish, 216pp.

Cohen, C.B., Brandhorst, B., Nagy, A., Leader, A., Dickens, B., Isasi, R.M., Evans, D., & Knoppers, B.M. (2008) The use of fresh embryos in stem cell research: Ethical and policy issues. Cell Stem Cell, 2(5), 416-421.

C.B. Cohen, M.E. Enzle, B. Dickens, B. Brandhorst, T. Clark, C. Clute, D. Dunstan, D. Evans, R.D. Lambert, S. Langlois, A. Leader, and C.M.G. Robertson (2007) Oversight of stem cell research in Canada: Protecting the rights, health, and safety of embryo donors. Health Law Review, 16(2), 86-102.

Evans D. (2007) Ethics, nanotechnology and health. In Nanotechnologies, Ethics and Politics, A.M. ten Have, (Ed.), Paris: UNESCO Publishing, pp.125-154.

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Professor Grant Gillett

DPhil (Oxon) MSc MBChB (Auck) FRACS FRSNZ Brief Description of Research Bioethics, neuroethics, philosophy of psychiatry, and post-structuralist philosophy Research interests Bioethics: end of life care, complementary and alternative medicine, autonomy, the patient’s journey. Neuroethics: brain birth, brain death, PVS, and minimally conscious states, issues of free will identity and responsibility. Philosophy of psychiatry: the nature of mental disorder, psychopathy, dissociative disorders. Post-structuralist philosophy: the patient’s voice, post-colonialism, human subjectivity. Selected Recent Publications

Gillett, G. (2010). Problematizing biomedicine. Journal of

Bioethical Inquiry, 7(1), 9-12. doi: 10.1007/s11673-010-9217-7

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Gillett, G. (2010). Intentional action, moral responsibility and psychopaths. In L. Malatesti & J. McMillan

(Eds.), Responsibility and psychopathy: Interfacing law,

psychiatry and philosophy . New York: Oxford University Press.

Gillett, G. (2010). The multiaxial, multi-layered reality that is

mental disorder. Association for the Advancement of

Philosophy and Psychiatry Bulletin, 17(1), 5-7.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The evolution of the soul. The Australian and New Zealand Theological Review, 41(2), 165-180.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) Indigenous knowledges: Circumspection, metaphysics, and scientific ontologies. Sites, 6(1), 97-115.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The subjective brain, identity and neuroethics. American Journal of Bioethics, 9(9), 5-13.

Gillett, G R (2009) Intention, autonomy and brain events. Bioethics, 23(6), 330-339.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The mind and its discontents (2nd Edition). Oxford: University Press, xvi + 432p.

Gillett, G.R. (2008). Subjectivity and being somebody. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic, 286p.

Gillett, G.R. (2006) Cyborgs and moral identity. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 79-83.

Gillett, G.R. (2006) Medical science, culture, and truth. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 1,13.

Gillett, G., & Hankey, R. (2005). Oedipus the king: Temperament, character, and virtue. Philosophy and Literature, 29, 269-285.

Gillett, G.R. (2008) Surgical innovation and research. In: The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. E.J. Emanuel, C. Grady, R.A. Crouch, R.K. Lie, F.G. Miller, & D. Wendler, (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 367-374.

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Professor D. Gareth Jones, CNZM Director DSc (W Aust) MD (Otago) BSc (Hons) MB BS (Lond) CBiol FSB Brief Description of Research Human anatomy and ethics, including uses of human cadavers and tissues; Neuroethics, including neuroimaging and dementia; Stem cell technology, including induced pluripotent stem cells; Artificial reproductive technologies, including developmental issues; Enhancement and therapy; Bioethics and theology. Research Interests Professor Jones has had a long involvement in anatomy. Until recent times little attention was given to any ethical dimensions surrounding the acquisition of bodies, such as the use of unclaimed bodies and bodies of the mentally ill. More recently there has been intense interest in retention of body parts, and this raises tensions between issues of informed consent and the availability of material for research. The extensive use of plastinated human material in teaching and research also raises difficult ethical questions, especially in terms of large public exhibitions of plastinated cadavers. Other questions of interest concern definitions of brain death and the status of the human

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embryo, the pre-embryo, and the moral status of the blastocyst. Questions such as these can only be addressed by reference to the human body, in embryological, neurobiological and cell biological terms.

Selected Recent Publications

Jones, D.G. and Elford, R.J. (eds.) (2010) A glass darkly: Medicine and theology in further dialogue. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 246p.

Jones, D.G. (2010) The biomedical technologies: prospects and challenges. In A glass darkly: Medicine and theology in further dialogue. D.G. Jones and R.J. Elford, (eds.), pp 9-32.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Speaking for the dead: The human body in biology and medicine (2nd edition). Aldershot: Ashgate, 310p.

Elford, R.J. and Jones, D.G. (eds.) (2009) A Tangled Web: Medicine and theology in dialogue. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 310p.

Jones, D.G., King, M.R. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Who gets born? How did New Zealand’s Bioethics Council arrive at its recommendations? The New Zealand Medical Journal, 122, 1294, 84-9.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Engaging with plastination and the body worlds phenomenon: a cultural and intellectual challenge for anatomists. Clinical Anatomy, 22, 770-776.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Finding a context for discussing human life-extension. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9, 12, 77-82.

Jones, D.G. and Galvin, K.A. (2007) Human reproductive cloning. In Principles of Health Care Ethics, 2nd ed. R. Ashcroft, A. Dawson, H. Draper, and J. Macmillan (eds.), Chichester, Wiley, pp. 759-765.

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Dr Mike R. King

Assistant Research Fellow PhD (Massey) BApplSci (Hons) PGDipArts (Otago) Brief Description of Research The moral status of animals, scientific responsibility, ethics of assisted reproductive technologies. Research Interests Mike’s research draws on his academic experience in the life sciences as well as moral and political philosophy. A main theme of this research is the moral status of animals and normative theory surrounding the treatment of animals in scientific research, farming, veterinary care and as companions. The interplay between individual and state responsibilities for animal welfare management is a particular interest. Another research interest considers reproductive technologies and their regulation. This includes the deliberative process of state regulatory bodies, and what kind of constraints on reproductive freedom may be compatible with liberal political theory. The morality of science and its relation to the public is another interest, particularly the responsibilities held by the many and various groups with a stake in scientific activity.

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Selected Recent Publications Jones, D.G., M.R. King and M.I. Whitaker (2009). Who gets born? How did the Bioethics Council arrive at its recommendations? New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1294), 84-91.

Wensley, D. and M.R. King (2008) Scientific responsibility for the dissemination and interpretation of genetic research: Lessons from the 'Warrior Gene' controversy. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34, 507-509.

King, M.R. (2007) The Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The role of the public in decision-making. In: Genes, Society and the Future. Dunedin: Human Genome Research Project, Otago University, pp. 147-195.

King, M. R. (2006) Public opinion and perceptions of reproductive genetic technologies. In Choosing Genes for Future Children: Regulating preimplantation genetic diagnosis (pp.199-228). Dunedin: Human Genome Research Project, Otago University.

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Associate Professor Jing-Bao Nie PhD (Texas) MA (Queen’s) MMed (Hunan) BMed Brief Description of Research Cross-cultural and international bioethics, medical ethics in China/Asia. Research interests

Cross-cultural and international bioethics

Reproductive and population ethics

Abortion and birth control program in China

Japan’s wartime medical atrocities and international aftermath

Medical ethics in China and Asia, including Confucian and Taoist perspectives on bioethics

Chinese-Western comparative history and philosophy of medicine

Medical humanities Selected Recent Publications Nie, J-B., Guo, N., Selden, M., & Kleinman, A. (eds.). (2010). Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 254p.

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Nie, J-B. (2010). Limits of state intervention in sex-selective abortion: The case of China. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(2), 205-219.

Kleinman, A., Nie, J-B., & Selden, M. (2010). Introduction: Medical atrocities, history and ethics. In Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. J-B. Nie, N. Guo, M. Selden, & A. Kleinman, (eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 1-20.

Nie, J-B. (2010) On the altar of nationalism and the nation-state: Japan's wartime medical atrocities, the American cover-up, and postwar Chinese responses. In Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. J-B. Nie, N. Guo, M. Selden, & A. Kleinman, (eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 123-138.

Nie, JB. (2010) China’s Birth Control Program through Feminist Lenses. In Feminist Bioethics: At the Centre, on the Margins. J.L. Scully, L. Baldwin-Ragaven and P. Fitzpatrick, (eds.), Baltimore ML: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 257-277.

Nie, JB. (2009) Radical Disagreements of Chinese Views on Fetal Life and Implications for Bioethics. In The Bioethics of Regenerative Medicine. IP King-tak, (Ed.), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 63-73.

Nie, JB. (2009) Medical Ethics through the Life Cycle in China. In The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics. R. Baker and L. McCullough, (eds.), New York and London: Cambridge University Press, pp. 126-131.

Nie, JB. (2009) The Discourses of Practitioners in China. In The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics. R. Baker and L. McCullough, (eds.), New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 335-344.

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Dr Neil Pickering Senior Lecturer PhD (Wales) MA BA (Hons) (Exe) MPhil (Hatfield) Brief Description of Research Primary interests in bioethics are in the philosophy and ethics of mental health, in medical humanities (particularly the use of literature in ethics teaching), in alternative medicine, in cultural issues in bioethics, and in environmental ethics. Research interests A uniting theme is the role of science in human predicaments, including questions about its limits. For example, in medicine, the notion of disorder is commonly extended from the physical (diabetes, cancer and the like) to the behavioural and mental (addictions, ADHD, schizophrenia). What is this extension based upon? Is this extension legitimate? One specific current research topic is Wittgensteinian approaches to concept extension, which seem to challenge the normal rational constraints on how far concepts can be extended. The question where the boundaries of scientific medicine lie can also be approached through its relations with alternative medicine. Alternative medicine approaches often claim to be scientific, so the question of what counts as scientific bulks large. I’m

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currently developing research where questions about science arise in relation to culture and the environment. Selected Recent Publications Pickering, N.J. (2010) Who’s a Quack? Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 7(1), 43-52.

Pickering, N.J. (2008) The importance of not being complementary [Perspectives: The Art of Medicine] The Lancet, 372(9653),1874-1875.

Pickering, N.J. (2006) The Metaphor of Mental Illness. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Pickering, N.J. (2004) The Quantum Booster and orthodox medicine. In Challenging Science: Issues for New Zealand society in the 21st century. K. Dew, and R. Fitzgerald, (eds.), Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, pp.167-186.

Pickering, N.J. (2003) The likeness argument and the reality of mental illness. Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, 10(3), 243-254.

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Simon Walker

Lecturer MA (Otago) PGDipArts BA Brief Description of Research Moral philosophy, the nature of value, meaning, suffering, end of life care. Research Interests Simon is familiar with a wide range of philosophical authors, and has a particular interest in the works of Kant, Wittgenstein, and Spinoza. While working as a palliative care researcher he became interested in the links between moral philosophy and our understanding of health, and began reading healthcare literature exploring this connection. He discovered a broad acceptance of the idea that a person’s values will shape her experience of and response to suffering, and yet that this relationship is scarcely mentioned in contemporary ethical discourse. He is currently developing a conception of ethics that shows the fundamental link between values and suffering, and which indicates how and to what extent life may retain value in the midst of suffering. This research draws on many different sources, including clinical experience, ancient and modern philosophy, and literature.

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Selected Recent Publications Janssen, A.L., MacLeod, R.D., & Walker, S.T. (2008) Recognition, reflection, and role models: Critical elements in education about care in medicine. Palliative and Supportive Care, 6(4) 389-95.

Walker, S.T. & MacLeod, R.D. (2005) Palliative care knowledge of some South Island GPs. New Zealand Family Physician, 32(2) 88-93.

Walker, S. (2004) A Wittgensteinian View of a Kantian Moral Theory. Masters dissertation, University of Otago.

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Maja Whitaker

Assistant Research Fellow BSc (Otago) Brief Description of Research Collaborates with Professor Jones across a broad range of bioethical areas, with particular emphasis on the uses of human tissues and cadavers. Research Interests Maja’s interests cover a wide variety of fields, principally stemming from the human body, and its uses and abuses after death. In tracing the manner in which bodies are displayed in public, especially in the major public plastination exhibitions, Maja brings together contributions from many fields within the humanities and social sciences in an attempt to provide a multidisciplinary perspective. Against this background she aims to enhance the perspectives brought to the discussion by anatomists. Her background in neuroscience enables her to throw light on a number of neuroethical issues. Her writings also encompass the artificial reproductive technologies, and ethical and theological areas of debate. Selected Recent Publications Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Speaking for the dead: the human body in biology and medicine (2nd edition). Aldershot: Ashgate, 310p.

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Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Scientific fraud: The demise of idealistic science. In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 89-104.

Jones. D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) In vitro fertilization and the embryonic revolution. In Handbook of Research on Technoethics. R Luppicini and R Adell, (eds.), London: Information Science Reference, pp. 609-622.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Engaging with plastination and the body worlds phenomenon: a cultural and intellectual challenge for anatomists. Clinical Anatomy, 22, 770-776.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Religious traditions and embryo science. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(11), 41-43.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Cadavers, Plastinates and Mummies. Clinical Anatomy, 23, 125-126.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Finding a context for discussing human life-extension. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9, 12, 77-82.

Jones, D.G., King, M.R. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Who gets born? How did New Zealand’s Bioethics Council arrive at its recommendations? The New Zealand Medical Journal, 122, 1294, 84-9.

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GENERAL STAFF

Vicki Lang Administrator

Vicki has worked as Administrator for the Bioethics Centre since June 1995 and provides administrative support to the staff and students. She is the first point of contact for visitors, and is happy to assist with any enquiries.

LOCATION & RESOURCES The Bioethics Centre occupies the east corridor of the Academic Wing (South Wing) on the 8th floor of Dunedin Hospital. This space is made up of Academic staff offices, administration office, photocopy/document room, two postgraduate study rooms, a resource room and the Bioethics Seminar Room 827.

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TEACHING IN THE DEPARTMENT The Bioethics Centre offers postgraduate (Diploma and Masters) qualifications in Bioethics and Bioethics and Health Law, and a doctoral programme. It also offers Masters and Bachelor of Medical Science degrees. Students can also study bioethics papers towards a Diploma for Graduates, or individual papers for a Certificate of Proficiency.

The Bioethics Centre teaches bioethics throughout the undergraduate medical, dental, pharmacy and physiotherapy curricula. For full information on all these qualifications, please consult the relevant handbooks and web pages.

Programmes

Bioethics and Health Law

Graduate Diploma in Bioethics and Health Law (PGDipBHL)

Master of Bioethics and Health Law (MBHL)

The qualifications in Bioethics and Health Law enable candidates to develop a firm grounding in bioethics and the legal aspects of health care, and to explore both ethical and legal approaches to issues related to modern medicine. These qualifications are offered jointly by the Bioethics Centre and the Faculty of Law, and students are encouraged to develop an interdisciplinary approach.

For both qualifications, candidates have to complete three core papers (these are Theories of Biomedical Ethics, Issues in Law, Ethics and Medicine, and Law and Medicine). They need in addition at least one other law paper and make up the rest of the points with further

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bioethics or law papers. All the bioethics papers listed below are options. Choices from Law include: Law and Psychiatry, Family Law and International Human Rights.

Students doing the MBHL also complete a research dissertation supervised jointly by Law and Bioethics.

The courses are available either full or part-time, and can be completed at a distance. Bioethics

Postgraduate Diploma in Health Sciences (Bioethics)

Masters in Health Sciences (Bioethics)

These Bioethics programmes offer continuing education for those holding a undergraduate degree or certificate or having relevant experience. They offer candidates a comprehensive coverage of theories and issues in Bioethics. Candidates for both qualifications have to complete Theories of Biomedical Ethics and another 60 points worth of Bioethics papers. Candidates for the PGDipHS(Bioethics) need another 30 points of papers (from any Health Science discipline) to complete.

Candidates for MHealSci (Bioethics) complete the above programme first (and may graduate with the PGDip), and then complete their Masters either by a thesis supervised by Bioethics or by further papers (including a research project, supervised by Bioethics).

Both qualifications may be taken full or part-time and all the Bioethics papers are available at a distance.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The interdisciplinary nature of the Centre means that this research degree can be offered to applicants from a range of academic disciplines, eg, Philosophy, Theology, Law, and Medicine, as well as to those with qualifications in Bioethics.

Bachelor of Medical Science (BMedSci) and Master of Medical Science (MMedSc)

These degrees are for medical students, offering them a chance to write a thesis (30-40,000 words) containing an in depth consideration of a bioethical topic of their own choice. Both are one year, supervised programmes. The BMedSci is available to medical undergraduates who have completed three or more years of their medical training. The MMedSci is available to medical graduates.

Diploma for Graduates (DipGrad)

The DipGrad course provides an opportunity for recent graduates to explore bioethics, whether or not they have previously completed undergraduate bioethics papers. Students should develop a package of papers in consultation with the Bioethics course advisor and the Director of the DipGrad programme. The DipGrad may be a route into further postgraduate study.

The course can be taken as a full-time year of study or part-time over two or more years.

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Papers

BITC 201 Bioethics and the Life Sciences

0.15 EFTS (18 points)

Explores ethical issues within, and arising from, science and technology. Covers basic ethics in science, and the moral and social implications of science for human life, particularly its earliest stages. BITC 301 Bioethics

0.15 EFTS (18 points)

This paper explores challenging ethical issues in health care and biotechnology, including values in medicine, wartime medical atrocities, use of genetics and stem cells in medicine, reproductive ethics, the experience of illness, mental illness, suicide and self-harm, death and dying, distributive justice, animal rights and environmental issues. It also discusses such fundamental ethical concepts as dignity and value of life, individual freedom, justice, religious beliefs and ethics, ethics and law, cultural differences and universal moral values.

BITX 401 Theories of Biomedical Ethics

0.25 EFTS (30 points)

This paper is an examination of key concepts in ethics such as autonomy, dignity, justice, and duty. The course is intended to elucidate the character of moral debate with respect to the health and well-being of people and the environment.

BITX 403 Issues in Law, Ethics and Medicine

0.125 EFTS (15 points)

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This paper is a compulsory part of course work for MBHL students. Through staff and student led seminars issues in bioethics and medical law are explored with reference to theories about actual and desirable relationships of law and morals.

BITX 404 Ethics and Health Care

0.25 EFTS (30 points)

This paper explores the ethical dimensions of a number of major areas and themes of contention in healthcare provision. These include: genetics and other emerging biotechnologies, rationing of health care, maternal-foetal conflict, coercion in mental health care, doctors as agents of the state, the increasing use of complementary and alternative therapies, truth telling and cultural difference, and care of the aging population.

BITX 405 Bioethics in Clinical Practice

0.25 EFTS (30 points)

This paper focuses on ethical issues arising at the heart of clinical practice. It takes it that the health care professional’s person to person encounter with his or her patient is highly textured and situated. A series of richly developed case studies will be used to bring out and explore the complexities, layers and tensions inherent even in apparently straight forward practices such as obtaining consent, holding confidences, maintaining professional boundaries and managing multiple roles.

BITX 406 Health Research Ethics

0.125 EFTS (15 points)

This paper introduces the basic ethical aspects of health research on humans. It considers: ethical questions arising

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in research from conception, design and conduct, right through to dissemination of research results; the role and challenges of ethical review of research; Maori in research; and some fundamentally ethically difficult areas such as research on vulnerable populations. It will be of interest to current and potential health researchers, students of bioethics, members of ethics review committees, and others.

BITX407 Advanced Health Research Ethics

0.125 EFTS (15 points)

This paper explores the more complex and controversial areas of research theory and practice. These include the social and political contexts of research, new technologies, situations where consent is compromised, the use of deception, role overlap, the use of information gained unethically, and research involving animals. This paper is available by distance.

BITC 410-412 Special Topic 0.125 EFTS (15 points) BITC 411 Special Topic 0.125 EFTS (15 points) BITC 412 Special Topic 0.125 EFTS (15 points)

Applications for Study Applications for study (except for PhD, BMedSci and MMedSci) should normally be made before 1 November (or 1 August for those requiring a study permit for entry into New Zealand). Late applications will be considered.

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PUBLICATIONS Publications of Academic Staff: 2008-2010 Journal Articles (58) Anderson, L (2009) Writing a new code of ethics for sports physicians: principles and challenges. Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 1079-1082.

Anderson, L. C., & Pickering, N. J. (2010). The student code: Ethical and professional expectations of medical students at the University of Otago. New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1318). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1318/4216/

Anderson, L. (2008) Contractual obligations and the sharing of confidential health information in sport. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34(9), e6. http://jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/34/9/e6

Anderson, L., and Pickering, N. (2008) Ethical review of physiotherapy research. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy, 36(3), 138-143.

Cohen, C. B., Brandhorst, B., Nagy, A., Leader, A., Dickens, B., Isasi, R. M., Evans, D., & Knoppers, B. M. (2008) The use of fresh embryos in stem cell research: Ethical and policy issues. Cell Stem Cell, 2(5), 416-421.

Collyns, O., Gillett, G.R., and Darlow, B. (2009) Overlap of premature birth and permissible abortion. Journal of Medical Ethics, 35, 343-347.

Evans, K.L. & Steslow, K. (2010) A rest from reason: Wittgenstein, Drury, and the difference between madness and religion. Philosophy, 80:245-258.

Evans, D.M. (2009) Response. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 6, 145-146.

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Evans, D. (2008) Electronically stored health data and best practice [Opinion piece]. Health[e]News, (19), 8-9.

http://www.nzhis.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagesns/33/$File/Enews19.pdf

Gillett, G. (2010). [Response to In that case: Transformations].Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 7, 271-272. doi: 10.1007/s11673-010-9232-8

Gillett, G. (2010). The multiaxial, multi-layered reality that is mental disorder. Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry Bulletin, 17(1), 5-7.

Gillett, G. R., Honeybul, S., Ho, K. M., & Lind, C. R. P. (2010). Neurotrauma and the RUB: Where tragedy meets ethics and science. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36, 727-730. doi: 10.1136/jme.2010.037424

Gillett, G., & Saville-Cook, D. (2010). Regulation of biomedical products. Journal of Law and Medicine, 17(5), 701-707.

Gillett, G., & Saville-Cook, D. (2010). Too much information? Journal of Primary Health Care, 2(2), 165-167.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) Responses to open peer commentaries on “The subjective brain, identity, and neuroethics” American Journal of Bioethics, 9(9), W1-4.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) Intention, autonomy and brain events. Bioethics, 23(6), 330-339.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) Indigenous knowledges: Circumspection, metaphysics, and scientific ontologies. Sites, 6(1), 97-115.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The evolution of the soul. The Australian and New Zealand Theological Review, 41(2), 165-180.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The subjective brain, identity and neuroethics. American Journal of Bioethics, 9(9), 5-13.

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Gillett, G.R. (2009) When two are born as one: the ethics of separating conjoined twins. Journal of law and medicine, 17, 184-189.

Gillett, G.R. (2008) Dialoguing The Exorcism of Emily Rose. Dialogue Australasia, 20, 26-29.

Gillett, G.R. (2008) Ethical decisions at the edge. Journal of Law and Medicine, 15, 686-692.

Gillett, G.R. (2008) Identity and resurrection. Heythrop Journal, XLIX, 254-268.

Gillett, G.R. (2008) The art of medicine: Autonomy and selfishness. Lancet, 372, 1214-1215.

Gillett, G.R. (2010) Problematizing biomedicine. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 7(1), 9-12.

Gillett, G.R., & Gillett, M. (2008) Intent, the ethos of a caring society and justice. Journal of Law and Medicine, 16, 209-215.

Gillettt, G.R. (2009) Whose best interests? Advance directives and clinical discretion. Journal of law and medicine, 16(5) 751-758.

Harland, T., Tidswell, T., Everett, D., Hale, L., & Pickering, N. (2010) Neoliberalism and the academic as critic and conscience of society. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(1), 85-96.

Honeybul, S., Ho, K. M., Lind, C. R. P., & Gillett, G. R. (2010). Decompressive craniectomy for neurotrauma: The limitations of applying an outcome prediction model. Acta Neurochirurgica, 152(6), 959-964. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0626-5

Honeybul, S., Ho, K. M., Lind, C. R. P., & Gillett, G. R. (2010). Observed versus predicted outcome for decompressive craniectomy: A population-based study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27(7), 1225-1232. doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1316

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Honeybul, S., Ho, K.M., Lind, C.R.P., Corcoran, T. and Gillett, G.R. (2009) The retrospective application of a prediction model to patients who have had a decompressive craniectomy for trauma. Journal of Neurotrauma, 26 (12), 2179-2183.

Janssen, A.L., MacLeod, R.D., & Walker, S.T. (2008). Recognition, reflection, and role models: Critical elements in education about care in medicine. Palliative and Supportive Care, 6(4) 389-95.

Jones, D.G. (2010) Peering into people’s brains: neuroscience’s intrusion into our inner sanctum. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 62(2), 122-132.

Jones, D. G. (2010). A Christian perspective on human enhancement [Guest editorial]. Science & Christian Belief, 22(2), 114-116.

Jones, D.G. (2010). Heavenly bodies: The future of surgical enhancement. Third Way, 33(7), 13.

Jones, D. G., & Whitaker, M.I. (2010). Cadavers, plastinates, and mummies [Letter to the editor]. Clinical Anatomy, 23(1), 125-126.doi: 10.1002/ca.20894

Jones, D.G. (2009) Gauging public opinion towards the reproductive technologies. New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 221-224.

Jones, D.G. (2008) Neuroethics: Adrift from a clinical base. The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(1), 49-50.

Jones, D.G. (2008) Embryonic stem cells: how dogmatic should Christians be? Stimulus, 16(2), 11-15.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Engaging with plastination and the body worlds phenomenon: a cultural and intellectual challenge for anatomists. Clinical Anatomy, 22, 770-776.

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Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Religious traditions and embryo science. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(11), 41-43.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Cadavars, plastinates and mummies. Clinical Anatomy, 23, 125-126.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Finding a context for discussing human life-extension. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9, 12, 77-82.

Jones, D.G., King, M.R. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Who gets born? How did New Zealand’s Bioethics Council arrive at its recommendations? The New Zealand Medical Journal, 122, 1294, 84-9.

Jones, S. & Gillett, G. (2008). Posthumous reproduction: Consent and its limitations. Journal of Law and Medicine, 16(2), 279-287.

King, M. R., Morel, P. C. H., Pluske, J. R., & Hendriks, W. H. (2008). A comparison of the effects of dietary spray-dried bovine colostrum and animal plasma on growth and intestinal histology in weaner pigs. Livestock Science, 119, 167-173.

King, M. R., Morel, P. C. H., Revell, D. K., Pluske, J. R., & Birtles, M. J. (2008). Dietary bovine colostrum increases villus height and decreases small intestine weight in early-weaned pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(4), 567-573.

McLennan, S., Gillett, G., & Celi, L. A. (2008). Healer, heal thyself: Health care workers and the influenza vaccination. American Journal of Infection Control, 36(1), 1-4.

Nie, J-B. (2008). The search for an Asian bioethics [Review of the books The family, medical decision-making, and biotechnology: Critical reflections on Asian moral perspectives and The way of Asian bioethics]. Asian Bioethics Review, 1(1), 86-94.

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Nie, J-B. (2010). Limits of state intervention in sex-selective abortion: The case of China. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(2), 205-219.

Pickering, N. (2010). Who's a quack? Bioethical Inquiry, 7(1), 43-52.

Pickering, N. (2010). Inducements, autonomy and justice. HRC Ethics Notes, (April), 1-3. Retrieved from http://www.hrc.govt.nz/assets/pdfs/publications/Ethics%20Notes%20Mar10.pdf

Pickering, N. (2008). The art of medicine: The importance of not being complementary [Perspectives]. Lancet, 372, 1874-1875.

Pickering, N. (2009). Absence of significant dissent should be sufficient for deceased organ procurement in New Zealand: A commentary. Australia and New Zealand Journal Of Public Health, 33(5), 454-456.

Steslow, K. (2010) Metaphors in our mouths. Hastings Centre Report, 40(4):30-33.

Wensley, D., & King, M. (2008). Scientific responsibility for the dissemination and interpretation of genetic research: Lessons from the “warrior gene” controversy. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34, 507-509.

Walsh, B. H. (2010). The spatialisation of disease: Foucualt and Evidence-based Medicine (EBM). Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 7, 31-42. doi: 10.1007/s11673-010-9216-8

Books (7) Elford, R.J. and Jones, D.G. (eds) (2009) A tangled web: Medicine and theology in dialogue. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 310p.

Evans, D. (2008). Values in medicine: What are we really doing to patients? London: Routledge:Cavendish, 216p.

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Gillett, G.R. (2008). Subjectivity and being somebody. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic, 286p.

Gillett, G.R. (2009) The mind and its discontents (2nd Edition). Oxford: University Press, xvi + 432p.

Jones, D.G. and Elford, R.J. (eds) (2010) A glass darkly: medicine and theology in further dialogue. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 246p.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Speaking for the dead: the human body in biology and medicine (2nd edition). Aldershot: Ashgate, 310p.

Nie, J-B., Guo, N., Selden, M., & Kleinman, A. (eds.). (2010). Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 254p.

Book Chapters (27) Anderson, L., & Pelvin, B. (2010). Ethical frameworks for practice. In S. Pairman, S. Tracy, C. Thorogood, & J. Pincombe (Eds.), Midwifery: Preparation for practice (2nd ed.). (pp. 283-297). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier.

Anderson, L & Ellis, E (2009) Ethics, practice regulation and physiotherapy. In Contexts of Physiotherapy Practice. J. Higgs, M. Smith, G. Webb, M. Skinner & A. Croker, eds. Sydney: Elsevier Pp 177-188.

Evans, D.M. (2009) Autonomy and individual responsibility. In The Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights, UNESCO pp 111-112.

Gillett, G. (2010). Intentional action, moral responsibility and psychopaths. In, Responsibility and psychopathy: Interfacing law, psychiatry and philosophy . L. Malatesti & J. McMillan, (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 283-298.

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Gillett, G. R. (2008). Surgical innovation and research. In The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics. E. J. Emanuel, C. Grady, R. A. Crouch, R. K. Lie, F. G. Miller, & D. Wendler (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 367-374.

Guo, N., & Nie, J-B. (2010). Annotated bibliography: Primary sources and secondary literature in Japanese, Chinese and English. In Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. J-B. Nie, N. Guo, M. Selden, & A. Kleinman, (eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 205-231.

Harrigan, M. and Gillett, G.R. (2009) Hunting good will in the wilderness. In Decision making, personhood and dementia: exploring the interface. D. O'Connor & B. Purves, (eds.), London: Jessica Kingsley, pp. 47-57.

Jones, D.G. (2010) Responses to the human embryo and embryonic stem cells: Scientific and theological assessments. In S. Fletcher Harding and N. Morvillo (Eds.), Religion and Science: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies (chapter 73). New York: Routledge.

Jones, D.G. (2010) The necessity of dialogue. In A glass darkly: Medicine and theology in further dialogue. D.G. Jones and R.J. Elford, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang pp 211-239.

Jones, D.G. (2010) The biomedical technologies: prospects and challenges. In A glass darkly: Medicine and theology in further dialogue. Bern: Peter Lang D.G. Jones and R.J. Elford, (eds.), pp 9-32.

Jones, D. G. (2010). Conclusion: The necessity of dialogue. In D. G. Jones & R. J. Elford (Eds.), A glass darkly: Medicine and theology in further dialogue (pp. 211-238). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.

Jones, D.G. (2009) Enhancement: Is baseless speculation misleading theologians and bioethicists? In A Tangled Web:

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Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G. Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 123-142.

Jones, D.G. (2009) Is PGD a form of eugenics? In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G. Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 143-161.

Jones, D.G. (2009) Regulatory procedures. In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G. Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 201-219.

Jones, D.G. (2009) Introduction. In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G. Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 9-16.

Jones, D.G. (2009) The human body: An anatomist’s journey from Death to Life. In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G. Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp105-121.

Jones, D.G. (2009) Borderlands. In Real Scientists Real Faith. RJ Berry, (Ed.), Oxford, UK: Monarch Books, pp58-71.

Jones, D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) Scientific fraud: The demise of idealistic science. In A Tangled Web: Medicine and Theology in Dialogue. R.J. Elford and D.G Jones, (eds.), Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 89-104.

Jones. D.G. and Whitaker, M.I. (2009) In vitro fertilization and the embryonic revolution. In Handbook of Research on Technoethics. R Luppicini and R Adell, (eds.), London: Information Science Reference, pp. 609-622.

Kleinman, A., Nie, J-B., & Selden, M. (2010). Introduction: Medical atrocities, history and ethics. In Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. J-B. Nie, N. Guo, M. Selden, & A. Kleinman, (eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 1-20.

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Nie, J-B. (2008) Exploring the core of humanity: Cross-cultural perspectives on the concept of personhood. In Responsibility and commitment: Eighteen essays in honor of Gerhold K. Becker. T-W Kwan, (Ed.), Waldkirch: Edition Gorz, pp. 17-27.

Nie, J-B. (2010) On the altar of nationalism and the nation-state: Japan's wartime medical atrocities, the American cover-up, and postwar Chinese responses. In Japan's wartime medical atrocities: Comparative inquiries in science, history, and ethics. J-B. Nie, N. Guo, M. Selden, & A. Kleinman, (eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 123-138.

Nie, JB. (2010) China’s birth control program through feminist lenses. In Feminist Bioethics: At the Centre, on the Margins. J.L. Scully, L. Baldwin-Ragaven and P. Fitzpatrick, (eds.), Baltimore ML: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 257-277.

Nie, JB. (2009) Medical ethics through the life cycle in China. In The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics. R. Baker and L. McCullough, (eds.), New York and London: Cambridge University Press, pp. 126-131.

Nie, JB. (2009) Radical disagreements of Chinese views on fetal life and implications for bioethics. In The Bioethics of Regenerative Medicine. IP King-tak, (Ed.), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 63-73.

Nie, JB. (2009) The discourses of practitioners in China. In The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics. R. Baker and L. McCullough, (eds.), New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 335-344.

Nie, JB. Takashi Tsuchiya and Lun Li. (2009) Japanese doctors' experimentation, 1932-1945, and medical ethics. In The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics. R. Baker and L. McCullough, (eds.), New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 589-594.

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Further information Please contact: Bioethics Centre University of Otago P.O. Box 913 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand Phone 64 3 4747977 Fax 64 3 4747601 Email bioethics@otago.ac.nz Twitter @bioethicscentre Facebook TheBioethicsCentre Website www.bioethics.otago.ac.nz

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