Plant Diversity
Chapter 22
What is a Plant? Members of the Kingdom Plantae They are divided into 4 groups: Bryophytes,
Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms They have cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll
Plant Life Cycle Alternation of generations:
Diploid phase: sporophyte or spore producing plant meiosis
Haploid phase: gametophyte or gamete producing plant mitosis
Bryophytes
Mosses and their relatives Nonvascular plants: do not have vascular
tissue (system of transport tubes) that conduct water and nutrients
Depend on water for reproduction Osmosis Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
Bryophytes http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery
/30695-assignment-discovery-bryophytes-video.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcWYAnmm-QE
Plants with Vascular Systems A vascular system is a system of tubes to
transport water and nutrients in a plants Includes Ferns, Gymnosperms, and
Angiosperms. Ferns are Seedless Vascular Plants Gymno and Angiosperms are Vascular
Seed Producing Plants
Vascular Plants Tissues Tracheids: cell that is specialized to
conduct water Xylem: carries water upward from the
roots to every part of a plant Pholem: Transports solutions of nutrients
and carbohydrates
Ferns and their relatives Include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns Seedless vascular plants - they produce
spores Have true roots, leaves, and stems http://videos.howstuffworks.com/
discovery/30696-assignment-discovery-ferns-video.htm
Vascular Seed Plants Divided into two groups: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Seed Plants Gymnoperms: bear seeds directly on the
surface of cones http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=D9byVQxvMXs http://videos.howstuffworks.com/
discovery/30697-assignment-discovery-gymnosperms-video.htm
Seed Plants Angiosperms: flowering plants that bear
their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27703-assignment-discovery-angiosperms-video.htm
Seed Plant Reproduction Includes:
Flowers or cones Pollen grain (male) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/
30702-assignment-discovery-plant-reproduction-video.htm
Monocots – 1 seed leaf
Angiosperm Diversity
Dicots – 2 seed leaves
Annuals: complete a life cycle only in one growing season.
Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years
Perennials: live for more than two years
VeinsCuticle
Epidermis
PalisadeMesophyll
VeinXylem
Phloem
Stoma
Guard Cells
Epidermis
Spongy Mesophyll
PLANT ANATOMY