Estimated age of the first appearance by DNA study

archaea

eubacteria

protists

plants

fungi

animals

201051 30 38

seaw

eeds

(Chi

na)

spon

ges

(Nam

ibia

)

mul

ticel

lula

r alg

ae (U

SA)

mam

mal

s(C

hina

)

inse

cts

(Eng

land

)

land

pla

nts

(Arg

entin

a)

colo

nial

org

anis

ms

(Gab

on)

trac

es o

f euk

aryo

tes

and

alga

e (C

anad

a)

mic

rofo

ssils

(Can

ada)

biog

enic

sub

stan

ce (G

reen

land

)

Tim

e of

the

olde

st fo

ssils

foun

d

hund

red

mill

ion

year

s ag

o20

3038

105

1

1

2

3

beginningof life

beginningof life

4

5

side│History of evolution of life viewed from DNA and fossilsComparing DNA sequences between species tells changes in DNA accumulated

after the two species were divided. These changes estimate the age when

these species arose. This method calculates the age older than when they really

appeared, because it shows the time when they were first divided. Fossils tell

us the shape and the living age of ancient lives. Combination DNA and fossils

estimates the age of old life more accurate.

references : Bioinformatics vol.22 2971-2972(2006)

TIMETREE http://www.timetree.org

back│Genome size and body sizeGenomes contain many genes, however, genome size does not

depend on the number of genes but the size of regions without

genes. The relationships between the organisms and their

genome size remain an open question. The animals which have

the largest genomes are lungfishes, familiar at the BRH, and the

organisms which have largest bodies are surprisingly fungi. The

fungus covering the Oregon Mountain was found an individual

organism by its DNA analysis.

references : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_organismseukaryotes

Biohistory Emaki 1/2birth of human beingsbirth of human beings

Extinctionof

dinosaurs

Modern life

angiosperms

commonancestor of

mammals

gymnospermspteridophytes

bryophyteschordates

sponges (metazoa)

chytrids (primitive fungi)

common ancestor of metazoa and fungi

common ancestor of plantscommon ancestor of protists

eukaryotes prokaryotes

beginning of lifepresent day

begi

nnin

g of

life

pres

ent d

ay

hundred millionyears ago

arch

aea

euba

cter

ia

prot

ists

plan

ts

fung

i

anim

als

Cainozoic

life of the Cambrian

life of the Devonian

life of the Cretaceouslanding

Mesozoic

Cambrianexplosion

Paleozoic

multicellularitymulticellularity

birth ofeukaryotes

Proterozoic

6

7

8

archaea

eubacteria

algae

land plants

fungi

mollusks

insects

teleosts

amphibians

birds

mammals

genome size

body size

genome size and body size

(million base pairs)

（mm）

0.1

0.0001

1

0.01

10

1

100

100

1,000

10,000

10,000

1,000,000

100,000

100,000,000

9

gigantic meteorite

Biohistory Emaki 2/2