PHYSIOLOGY OF
TRAINING 1
SHL 5332/SHN 5672
Academic Year 2012-2013
Semester 1
Mark Hopkins (Module Leader).
Room: AG98.
[email protected]. 0113 283 7100 (Ext 362)
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MODULE OUTLINE
Module Coordinator: Mark Hopkins
Additional Teaching Staff: Paul Harlow
CONTACT DETAILS.
Mark Hopkins.
Room: AG98.
[email protected]. 0113 283 7100 (Ext 362).
Paul Harlow.
Room: Sport Science Lab
0113 283 7100 (Ext 435)
INTRODUCTION
This module examines the human responses and adaptations to different forms of
exercise. Key physiological adaptations in the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular
systems will be examined in order to gain a better understanding of how appropriate
training can lead to enhanced performance. Students will also be given the opportunity to
develop commonly used laboratory skills to monitoring and test athletes within a sport
science laboratory. The module builds upon L4 Anatomy and Physiology, in which the
basic structure of the underlying physiological systems was discussed.
The knowledge/skills gained during this module will be useful at Level 6, with
foundations being built for modules such as ‘Physiology of the Elite Athlete’, ‘Nutrition
and Performance’ and ‘Physical Activity and Health Trainer’. Furthermore, this module
will give you an opportunity to practice and develop many of the skills needed to conduct
an independent research project/dissertation at L6.
As such, this module aims to:
1) Develop an understanding of how the human body responds to different forms
of exercise and how these physiological adaptations lead to enhanced
performance.
2) Develop practical skills and basic competencies in relation to a variety of
exercise physiology laboratory tests, and be mindful of any health and safety
or ethical issues that surround these.
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3) Communicate scientific information in a clear and coherent fashion using a
variety of techniques, including written and verbal methods.
4) Develop an increased awareness of scientific research articles and the research
design process (hypothesis generation, data collection, critical interpretation
of data and scientific writing).
LEARNING OUTCOMES
On successful completion of the module, you will be better able to:
1) Describe and explain how the human body responds to different forms of
exercise using either written or oral communication skills.
2) Design and run a variety of exercise physiology protocols in a safe manor
using specialized equipment in a sport science laboratory.
3) Work effectively in small groups to design and deliver oral presentations
that communicate scientific information in a clear and organized fashion
to an audience of peers.
LEARNING AND TEACHING METHODS
There will be a 2-hour lecture on Monday 9-11am (SBLT). Practical sessions will be
held on either Tuesday 11-1pm, Wednesday 9-11am or 11-1pm (Sports Science Lab).
To see which group you have been allocated to, please check the L5 notice boards.
LEARNING RESOURCES
STUDENT SUPPORT
Support is available from the following areas:
Module tutor (M.Hopkins)
Study Skills Guide
SHN Teaching Assistant (Paul Harlow; Sport Science Lab, tel 435)
Writers in Residence (Susan Barker and Peter Guttridge- contact Karen Scott to
make an appointment: [email protected])
Disability Support (Deborah Altman)
ONLINE SUPPORT
This module has Moodle online support page. You will need to register for the module
(SHL5332/SHN5672 Physiology of Training 1) using the pass key 5332. A variety of
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material will be provided, including course information, lecture and reading material and
assessment guidelines.
Additional material concerning generic academic skills can also be found on Moodle by
accessing the ‘Academic Skills for Sport, Health & Nutrition’ page. Here you will find
useful information concerning writing academic essays, referencing guidelines and tips to
avoid plagiarism.
LIBRARY RESOURCES
The below list identifies books contained within the Leeds Trinity library that are
specifically relevant to Physiological Aspects of Training. However, this list is not
exclusive and there are other books available that will be useful.
Baechle, T. & Earle, R. (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 3rd
Ed. National
Strength and Conditioning Association. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Birch, K. MacLaren, D. & George, K. (2005). Instant Notes: Sport & Exercise Physiology.
Garland Science, Taylor & Francis.
Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization. 4th
Ed. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Carling, C. Reilly, T. & Williams, M. (2009). Performance Assessment For Field Sports. London,
Routledge.
Delavier, F. (2006). Strength Training Anatomy. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory
Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume One: Anthropometry. 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008) Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory
Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume Two: Physiology. 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
Fleck, S. & Kraemer, W. (1991). Designing resistance training programs. 2nd
Ed. Human
Kinetics.
Gleeson, M. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: Immune Function in Sport &
Exercise. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.
Hoffman, J. (2006) Norms For Fitness, Performance and Health. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
McArdle, W, Katch, F. & Katch, V. (2007). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition & Human
Performance. 6th
ed. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Powers, S. & Howley, J. (2009). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and
Performance. 7th ed. Mcgraw Hill.
Richardson, S. Anderson, M. & Morris, T. (2008). Overtraining Athletes: Personal Journeys in
Sport. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Williams & Wragg (2004). Data Analysis and Research For Sport and Exercise Science. Oxon,
Routledge.
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Wilmore, J. & Costill, D. (2008). Physiology for Sport & Exercise. 4th
ed. Champaign, Human
Kinetics.
Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Sport Testing-
Volume 1. Oxon, Routledge.
Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Exercise and
Clinical Testing- Volume 2. Oxon, Routledge.
Whyte, G. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: The Physiology of Training.
Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.
Ebooks:
Birch, K. MacLaren, D. & George, K. (2005). Instant Notes: Sport & Exercise Physiology.
Garland Science, Taylor & Francis.
Brooks, G. (2005). Exercise Physiology Human Bioenergetics and its Applications. 4th
ed.
McGraw Hill.
Calder, P. (2002) Nutrition and Immune Function. CABI Pub. in association with the Nutrition
Society.
Cooper, C. & Storer, T. (2001) Exercise Testing and Interpretation: A Practical Approach.
Cambridge University Press.
Ehrman, J. (2009). Clinical exercise physiology. 2nd
ed. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory
Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume One: Anthropometry. 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008) Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory
Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume Two: Physiology. 3rd
Edition. Routledge.
LeMura, L. Duvillard, S. (2004). Clinical Exercise Physiology: Application and Physiological
Principles. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
McArdle, W, Katch, F. & Katch, V. (2007). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition & Human
Performance. 6th
ed. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Powers, S. & Howley, J. (2009). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and
Performance. 7th ed. Mcgraw Hill.
Tipton, C. (2006). ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
Wilmore, J. & Costill, D. (2008). Physiology for Sport & Exercise. 4th
ed. Champaign, Human
Kinetics.
Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Sport Testing-
Volume 1. Routledge.
Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Exercise and
Clinical Testing- Volume 2. Routledge.
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Whyte, G. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: The Physiology of Training.
Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.
ASSIGNMENT DEADLINES.
You will be given deadlines and details of what is required by your module tutors for all
your work. It is important that you realise that you are responsible for:
(a) ensuring you know what the deadlines are;
(b) submitting your work by the deadline.
ASSIGNMENTS FOR ASSESSMENT MUST BE HANDED IN BY THE
DEADLINE; the only exceptions allowable are medical problems, supported by a
doctor's note, or major personal disruptions supported by written independent verification
(see ‘Late Submission Procedures’ below).
You may have different deadline times depending on which Department you are
submitting for. Please check.
PROCEDURE FOR HANDING IN ASSIGNMENTS.
Please check the list of assignment deadlines on the Departmental Office noticeboard or
intranet site (http://intranet.leedstrinity.ac.uk/AcademicDepartments/dohps/default.aspx)
to determine:
Whether your assignment should be submitted in hard copy or via
MOODLE
If your assignment is to be submitted via MOODLE only, you should not submit your
assignment via the Departmental Office but should do so electronically. However, if you
need further instructions on this, the office will be happy to help.
If your assignment is to be submitted in hard copy, you should submit via the
Departmental Office (AF44).
For work submitted via the Departmental Office
1. Please complete the ‘non-anonymous’ (blue) submission sheet.
2. Ensure that you have entered the correct module number and title and signed the
declaration of integrity. Module numbers are listed on the Departmental Office
notice-board.
3. Post your assignment in the appropriate box
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4. If you are submitting an assignment that will not fit into the box (e.g. poster,
artefact, tapes etc.) please hand it into the Departmental Office.
LATE SUBMISSION PROCEDURES.
Unless you have prior permission to hand in your work late, you will incur penalties as
follows: A deduction of 5 marks will be made for assignments which are submitted
in the 24-hour period immediately after the prescribed deadline. Subsequent
deductions of 5 marks will be made for assignments submitted during subsequent
24-hour periods, down to a mark of 40% for work of a pass standard and 0% for
work of a fail standard. Work submitted more than 5 working days after the
published deadline will not be marked and a mark of zero will be returned. Please
note that the 24-hours periods referred to above do not include weekends and bank
holidays. The penalty starts immediately after the deadline time.
If you cannot submit your assignment by the due date because of properly documented
illness or personal problems, you must obtain prior permission from the Head of
Department concerned by completing an Application for Extension form.
Extensions will normally only be granted for up to 5 working days. If further time is
required, a DFO (deferred first opportunity) should be applied for. A DFO is a formal
application to the Academic Registrar for assessment at the next available assessment
opportunity (see regulation 5.6 in the student handbook).
You may collect an Application for Extension form from the Departmental Office,
AF44 or on the intranet. Fill in the form and submit or e-mail it to the Departmental
Office ([email protected]), who will present it to the Head of Department for
approval. You will be informed of the outcome of your request by the Departmental
Office via e-mail.
If you require a DFO, you should collect a DFO application form from Student
Administration, Departmental offices or on the intranet. You should then submit it,
together with your supporting evidence to the Student Administration office
ATTENDANCE AT EXAMINATIONS.
If you fail to attend an examination without good cause, the consequences are severe.
You will fail the exam, get a mark of “0” and lose credits.
If you fail to attend an exam with good cause, you have to provide documentary
evidence to the Student Administration and complete a request form for a Deferred First
Opportunity (DFO). This would normally be a doctor’s note specifying the illness with
dates. If the evidence is accepted and circumstances warrant it, you are allowed a DFO –
that is you are allowed to sit the assessment at a later date, normally during the resit
period. Talk to your Progress Tutor if you wish to apply for DFO.
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REFERENCING STYLE
You should adhere to the Harvard referencing format throughout as outlined to you both
in the Student Handbook and your Study Skills Guide. A detail guide can also be found at
on the Moodle page for this module (used with permission from Anglia Ruskin
University).
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is considered to be the passing off of someone else’s work (thoughts, writings,
and results) as your own. It commonly occurs where a student fails to acknowledge the
use of material from a book article, journal or from the internet. It also occurs when a
student appropriates the work of another student.
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ASSESSMENT
Students must make a serious attempt at all elements of assessment.
Form of assessment Details Weighting Timing
Oral
Group presentation
(30 mins)
20%
Week beginning 19th
November,
2012
Exam
Essay Style
(1 hour)
30%
Week beginning 10th
Dec, 2012.
EXAM.
There will be a 1 hour, essay style exam during the week beginning the 10th
December,
2012. This examination will constitute 30% of your overall mark. You will be asked to
answer 1 essay style question from four questions. The examination will draw from all
areas covered in the module.
EXAM EXPECTATIONS.
You will be asked to answer one essay style question during the examination. You will be
given a choice of four questions to answer and these questions will be based on any of the
topic areas covered in the module. As such, you will have to have in-depth knowledge of
all areas covered in the module. It is anticipated that you should be able to write a
minimum of four sides of A4 on any given topic. It is strongly advised that you do not
revise a limited number of topics in the expectation that these will come up.
Furthermore, it is very important that you use appropriate scientific language in your
answer, General ‘everyday’ terms such as the ‘heart gets stronger with exercise’ are not
appropriate at this academic level.
PRESENTATION.
In groups of 3-5 people, you will be allocated to one of the four statements listed below
on which you will do a 30min presentation (25 minutes plus 5mins for questions).
All presentation should include scientific evidence to support your answers. For each
statement, some possible areas of focus are provided. However, these lists are not
exclusive and you should look to include any areas that you feel relevant when
attempting to discuss the statement.
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PRESENTATION TOPICS 1. Research has shown that overtraining in athletes is characterised by poor
performance and impaired immune cell function. Using scientific evidence to
support your answer, discuss this statement.
You may wish to consider some of the following areas when preparing your presentation
(although other areas can be included):
Susceptibility to illness.
Acute effects of exercise on immune cell function.
Chronic effects of exercise on immune cell function.
2. Using scientific evidence to support your answer, discuss the potential causes of
overtraining in athletes.
You may wish to consider some of the following areas when preparing your presentation
(although other areas can be included):
Training structure
The central fatigue hypothesis
The Glutamine hypothesis
Suppression of immune function
Alterations to the Neuro-endocrine system
3. Discuss the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of overtraining, using
scientific evidence to support your answer.
You may wish to consider some of the following areas when preparing your presentation
(although other areas can be included):
Role of nutrition in overtraining
Nutritional deficiencies and immune cell function
Nutrition and the neuro-endocrine response to exercise
Acute and chronic nutritional strategies to prevent and treat overtraining
4. Discuss the central fatigue hypothesis with reference to overtraining and outline the
scientific evidence that supports/refutes this theory.
You may wish to consider some of the following areas when preparing your presentation
(although other areas can be included):
Chain of events involved in the central fatigue hypothesis
Scientific evidence linking the central fatigue hypothesis to exercise performance
and the overtraining syndrome.
Potential nutritional strategies to minimise central fatigue
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PRESENTATION MARKING CRITERIA
The allocation of marks for the oral presentations are detailed below:
Overall group presentation 40%
Individual presentation 40%
Answering questions 10%
Asking questions 10%
The marking scheme for oral presentations is also shown below:
1. Content (60%) /60
Excellent background to topic area
Clear analysis of scientific theories and
ideas
Well support with relevant research
Use of appropriate scientific
terminology and depth.
80+
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
<40
Weak background to
topic area
Limited analysis of
scientific theories and
ideas
No link to relevant
research
Superficial and non-
scientific
2. Planning and Timing (10%) /10
Precise timing of group presentation
(25mins)
Excellent individual contribution
Evidence of preparation
Group organised
80+
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
<40
Over or under time
Little individual
contribution to overall
presentation
Poorly presented
Poorly organised
3. Use of Visual Aids (10%) /10
Excellent use of visual aids
Use of diagrams/graphical data to
support ideas
80+
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
<40
Poor use of visual aids
Textual reporting of
scientific data only
4. Presentation (20%) /20
Excellent presentation, clearly spoken
Overall professional appearance
Handouts/reference list given
80+
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
<40
Poorly presented
Lacks professional
appearance
Handouts/reference list
given
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SEMESTER 1 SCHEDULE.
Week Date
1 Lecture: Introduction. Mon 1
st Oct
2
Lecture: Basic Training Principles. Mon 8th
Oct
Lab A: Introduction to Direct Measurement of VO2 & VCO2.
Tue 9th
or Wed 10th
Oct
3
Lecture: Overtraining in Sport.
Mon 15
th Oct
Lab B: Direct Measurement of Aerobic Capacity during
Exercise. Tue 16
th or Wed 17
th
Oct
4 Lecture: Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise. Mon 22
nd Oct
Lab C: Online Gas Analysis. Tue 23rd
or Wed 24th
Oct
5 Lecture: Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise.
Mon 29th
Oct
Lab D: Measurement of Energy Expenditure using Indirect
Calorimetry. Tue 30
rd or Wed 31
th
Oct
6
Lecture: Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance
Exercise.
Mon 5th
Nov
Lab E: Measurement of Anaerobic Power. Tue 6th
or Wed 7th
Nov
7 Lecture: Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise. Mon 12
th Nov
8 Lecture: Ergogenic Aids in Sport.
Mon 19th
Nov
Group Presentations. Tue 20th
or Wed 21st
Nov
9 Lecture: Recovery Strategies in Sport.
Mon 26th
Nov
Group Presentations. Tue 27th
or Wed 28th
Nov
10 Revision. Mon 3
rd Dec
11 Completion Week- Exam. Wk beginning 10
th
Dec