Physiology of Training- Semester 1 Handbook File

PHYSIOLOGY OF

TRAINING 1

SHL 5332/SHN 5672

Academic Year 2012-2013

Semester 1

Mark Hopkins (Module Leader).

Room: AG98.

[email protected]. 0113 283 7100 (Ext 362)

mailto:[email protected]

- - Physiology of Training I 1

MODULE OUTLINE

Module Coordinator: Mark Hopkins

Additional Teaching Staff: Paul Harlow

CONTACT DETAILS.

Mark Hopkins.

Room: AG98.

[email protected]. 0113 283 7100 (Ext 362).

Paul Harlow.

Room: Sport Science Lab

[email protected]

0113 283 7100 (Ext 435)

INTRODUCTION

This module examines the human responses and adaptations to different forms of

exercise. Key physiological adaptations in the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular

systems will be examined in order to gain a better understanding of how appropriate

training can lead to enhanced performance. Students will also be given the opportunity to

develop commonly used laboratory skills to monitoring and test athletes within a sport

science laboratory. The module builds upon L4 Anatomy and Physiology, in which the

basic structure of the underlying physiological systems was discussed.

The knowledge/skills gained during this module will be useful at Level 6, with

foundations being built for modules such as ‘Physiology of the Elite Athlete’, ‘Nutrition

and Performance’ and ‘Physical Activity and Health Trainer’. Furthermore, this module

will give you an opportunity to practice and develop many of the skills needed to conduct

an independent research project/dissertation at L6.

As such, this module aims to:

1) Develop an understanding of how the human body responds to different forms

of exercise and how these physiological adaptations lead to enhanced

performance.

2) Develop practical skills and basic competencies in relation to a variety of

exercise physiology laboratory tests, and be mindful of any health and safety

or ethical issues that surround these.




3) Communicate scientific information in a clear and coherent fashion using a

variety of techniques, including written and verbal methods.

4) Develop an increased awareness of scientific research articles and the research

design process (hypothesis generation, data collection, critical interpretation

of data and scientific writing).

LEARNING OUTCOMES

On successful completion of the module, you will be better able to:

1) Describe and explain how the human body responds to different forms of

exercise using either written or oral communication skills.

2) Design and run a variety of exercise physiology protocols in a safe manor

using specialized equipment in a sport science laboratory.

3) Work effectively in small groups to design and deliver oral presentations

that communicate scientific information in a clear and organized fashion

to an audience of peers.

LEARNING AND TEACHING METHODS

There will be a 2-hour lecture on Monday 9-11am (SBLT). Practical sessions will be

held on either Tuesday 11-1pm, Wednesday 9-11am or 11-1pm (Sports Science Lab).

To see which group you have been allocated to, please check the L5 notice boards.

LEARNING RESOURCES

STUDENT SUPPORT

Support is available from the following areas:

Module tutor (M.Hopkins)

Study Skills Guide

SHN Teaching Assistant (Paul Harlow; Sport Science Lab, tel 435)

Writers in Residence (Susan Barker and Peter Guttridge- contact Karen Scott to

make an appointment: [email protected])

Disability Support (Deborah Altman)

ONLINE SUPPORT

This module has Moodle online support page. You will need to register for the module

(SHL5332/SHN5672 Physiology of Training 1) using the pass key 5332. A variety of



material will be provided, including course information, lecture and reading material and

assessment guidelines.

Additional material concerning generic academic skills can also be found on Moodle by

accessing the ‘Academic Skills for Sport, Health & Nutrition’ page. Here you will find

useful information concerning writing academic essays, referencing guidelines and tips to

avoid plagiarism.

LIBRARY RESOURCES

The below list identifies books contained within the Leeds Trinity library that are

specifically relevant to Physiological Aspects of Training. However, this list is not

exclusive and there are other books available that will be useful.

Baechle, T. & Earle, R. (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 3rd

Ed. National

Strength and Conditioning Association. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

Birch, K. MacLaren, D. & George, K. (2005). Instant Notes: Sport & Exercise Physiology.

Garland Science, Taylor & Francis.

Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization. 4th

Ed. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

Carling, C. Reilly, T. & Williams, M. (2009). Performance Assessment For Field Sports. London,

Routledge.

Delavier, F. (2006). Strength Training Anatomy. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume One: Anthropometry. 3rd

Edition. Routledge.

Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008) Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume Two: Physiology. 3rd

Edition. Routledge.

Fleck, S. & Kraemer, W. (1991). Designing resistance training programs. 2nd

Ed. Human

Kinetics.

Gleeson, M. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: Immune Function in Sport &

Exercise. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.

Hoffman, J. (2006) Norms For Fitness, Performance and Health. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

McArdle, W, Katch, F. & Katch, V. (2007). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition & Human

Performance. 6th

ed. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Powers, S. & Howley, J. (2009). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and

Performance. 7th ed. Mcgraw Hill.

Richardson, S. Anderson, M. & Morris, T. (2008). Overtraining Athletes: Personal Journeys in

Sport. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

Williams & Wragg (2004). Data Analysis and Research For Sport and Exercise Science. Oxon,

Routledge.


Wilmore, J. & Costill, D. (2008). Physiology for Sport & Exercise. 4th

ed. Champaign, Human

Kinetics.

Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Sport Testing-

Volume 1. Oxon, Routledge.

Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Exercise and

Clinical Testing- Volume 2. Oxon, Routledge.

Whyte, G. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: The Physiology of Training.

Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.

Ebooks:

Birch, K. MacLaren, D. & George, K. (2005). Instant Notes: Sport & Exercise Physiology.

Garland Science, Taylor & Francis.

Brooks, G. (2005). Exercise Physiology Human Bioenergetics and its Applications. 4th

ed.

McGraw Hill.

Calder, P. (2002) Nutrition and Immune Function. CABI Pub. in association with the Nutrition

Society.

Cooper, C. & Storer, T. (2001) Exercise Testing and Interpretation: A Practical Approach.

Cambridge University Press.

Ehrman, J. (2009). Clinical exercise physiology. 2nd

ed. Champaign, Human Kinetics.

Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume One: Anthropometry. 3rd

Edition. Routledge.

Eston, R. & Reilly, T. (Ed) (2008) Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory

Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data: Volume Two: Physiology. 3rd

Edition. Routledge.

LeMura, L. Duvillard, S. (2004). Clinical Exercise Physiology: Application and Physiological

Principles. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

McArdle, W, Katch, F. & Katch, V. (2007). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition & Human

Performance. 6th

ed. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Powers, S. & Howley, J. (2009). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and

Performance. 7th ed. Mcgraw Hill.

Tipton, C. (2006). ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.

Wilmore, J. & Costill, D. (2008). Physiology for Sport & Exercise. 4th

ed. Champaign, Human

Kinetics.

Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Sport Testing-

Volume 1. Routledge.

Winter, E (eds) (2007). BASES Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Exercise and

Clinical Testing- Volume 2. Routledge.


Whyte, G. (eds) (2006). Advances in Sport and Exercise Science: The Physiology of Training.

Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone.

ASSIGNMENT DEADLINES.

You will be given deadlines and details of what is required by your module tutors for all

your work. It is important that you realise that you are responsible for:

(a) ensuring you know what the deadlines are;

(b) submitting your work by the deadline.

ASSIGNMENTS FOR ASSESSMENT MUST BE HANDED IN BY THE

DEADLINE; the only exceptions allowable are medical problems, supported by a

doctor's note, or major personal disruptions supported by written independent verification

(see ‘Late Submission Procedures’ below).

You may have different deadline times depending on which Department you are

submitting for. Please check.

PROCEDURE FOR HANDING IN ASSIGNMENTS.

Please check the list of assignment deadlines on the Departmental Office noticeboard or

intranet site (http://intranet.leedstrinity.ac.uk/AcademicDepartments/dohps/default.aspx)

to determine:

Whether your assignment should be submitted in hard copy or via

MOODLE

If your assignment is to be submitted via MOODLE only, you should not submit your

assignment via the Departmental Office but should do so electronically. However, if you

need further instructions on this, the office will be happy to help.

If your assignment is to be submitted in hard copy, you should submit via the

Departmental Office (AF44).

For work submitted via the Departmental Office

1. Please complete the ‘non-anonymous’ (blue) submission sheet.

2. Ensure that you have entered the correct module number and title and signed the

declaration of integrity. Module numbers are listed on the Departmental Office

notice-board.

3. Post your assignment in the appropriate box

http://intranet.leedstrinity.ac.uk/AcademicDepartments/dohps/default.aspx


4. If you are submitting an assignment that will not fit into the box (e.g. poster,

artefact, tapes etc.) please hand it into the Departmental Office.

LATE SUBMISSION PROCEDURES.

Unless you have prior permission to hand in your work late, you will incur penalties as

follows: A deduction of 5 marks will be made for assignments which are submitted

in the 24-hour period immediately after the prescribed deadline. Subsequent

deductions of 5 marks will be made for assignments submitted during subsequent

24-hour periods, down to a mark of 40% for work of a pass standard and 0% for

work of a fail standard. Work submitted more than 5 working days after the

published deadline will not be marked and a mark of zero will be returned. Please

note that the 24-hours periods referred to above do not include weekends and bank

holidays. The penalty starts immediately after the deadline time.

If you cannot submit your assignment by the due date because of properly documented

illness or personal problems, you must obtain prior permission from the Head of

Department concerned by completing an Application for Extension form.

Extensions will normally only be granted for up to 5 working days. If further time is

required, a DFO (deferred first opportunity) should be applied for. A DFO is a formal

application to the Academic Registrar for assessment at the next available assessment

opportunity (see regulation 5.6 in the student handbook).

You may collect an Application for Extension form from the Departmental Office,

AF44 or on the intranet. Fill in the form and submit or e-mail it to the Departmental

Office ([email protected]), who will present it to the Head of Department for

approval. You will be informed of the outcome of your request by the Departmental

Office via e-mail.

If you require a DFO, you should collect a DFO application form from Student

Administration, Departmental offices or on the intranet. You should then submit it,

together with your supporting evidence to the Student Administration office

ATTENDANCE AT EXAMINATIONS.

If you fail to attend an examination without good cause, the consequences are severe.

You will fail the exam, get a mark of “0” and lose credits.

If you fail to attend an exam with good cause, you have to provide documentary

evidence to the Student Administration and complete a request form for a Deferred First

Opportunity (DFO). This would normally be a doctor’s note specifying the illness with

dates. If the evidence is accepted and circumstances warrant it, you are allowed a DFO –

that is you are allowed to sit the assessment at a later date, normally during the resit

period. Talk to your Progress Tutor if you wish to apply for DFO.



REFERENCING STYLE

You should adhere to the Harvard referencing format throughout as outlined to you both

in the Student Handbook and your Study Skills Guide. A detail guide can also be found at

on the Moodle page for this module (used with permission from Anglia Ruskin

University).

PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is considered to be the passing off of someone else’s work (thoughts, writings,

and results) as your own. It commonly occurs where a student fails to acknowledge the

use of material from a book article, journal or from the internet. It also occurs when a

student appropriates the work of another student.


ASSESSMENT

Students must make a serious attempt at all elements of assessment.

Form of assessment Details Weighting Timing

Oral

Group presentation

(30 mins)

20%

Week beginning 19th

November,

2012

Exam

Essay Style

(1 hour)

30%

Week beginning 10th

Dec, 2012.

EXAM.

There will be a 1 hour, essay style exam during the week beginning the 10th

December,

2012. This examination will constitute 30% of your overall mark. You will be asked to

answer 1 essay style question from four questions. The examination will draw from all

areas covered in the module.

EXAM EXPECTATIONS.

You will be asked to answer one essay style question during the examination. You will be

given a choice of four questions to answer and these questions will be based on any of the

topic areas covered in the module. As such, you will have to have in-depth knowledge of

all areas covered in the module. It is anticipated that you should be able to write a

minimum of four sides of A4 on any given topic. It is strongly advised that you do not

revise a limited number of topics in the expectation that these will come up.

Furthermore, it is very important that you use appropriate scientific language in your

answer, General ‘everyday’ terms such as the ‘heart gets stronger with exercise’ are not

appropriate at this academic level.

PRESENTATION.

In groups of 3-5 people, you will be allocated to one of the four statements listed below

on which you will do a 30min presentation (25 minutes plus 5mins for questions).

All presentation should include scientific evidence to support your answers. For each

statement, some possible areas of focus are provided. However, these lists are not

exclusive and you should look to include any areas that you feel relevant when

attempting to discuss the statement.


PRESENTATION TOPICS 1. Research has shown that overtraining in athletes is characterised by poor

performance and impaired immune cell function. Using scientific evidence to

support your answer, discuss this statement.

You may wish to consider some of the following areas when preparing your presentation

(although other areas can be included):

Susceptibility to illness.

Acute effects of exercise on immune cell function.

Chronic effects of exercise on immune cell function.

2. Using scientific evidence to support your answer, discuss the potential causes of

overtraining in athletes.



Training structure

The central fatigue hypothesis

The Glutamine hypothesis

Suppression of immune function

Alterations to the Neuro-endocrine system

3. Discuss the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of overtraining, using

scientific evidence to support your answer.



Role of nutrition in overtraining

Nutritional deficiencies and immune cell function

Nutrition and the neuro-endocrine response to exercise

Acute and chronic nutritional strategies to prevent and treat overtraining

4. Discuss the central fatigue hypothesis with reference to overtraining and outline the

scientific evidence that supports/refutes this theory.



Chain of events involved in the central fatigue hypothesis

Scientific evidence linking the central fatigue hypothesis to exercise performance

and the overtraining syndrome.

Potential nutritional strategies to minimise central fatigue


PRESENTATION MARKING CRITERIA

The allocation of marks for the oral presentations are detailed below:

Overall group presentation 40%

Individual presentation 40%

Answering questions 10%

Asking questions 10%

The marking scheme for oral presentations is also shown below:

1. Content (60%) /60

Excellent background to topic area

Clear analysis of scientific theories and

ideas

Well support with relevant research

Use of appropriate scientific

terminology and depth.

80+

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

<40

Weak background to

topic area

Limited analysis of

scientific theories and

ideas

No link to relevant

research

Superficial and non-

scientific

2. Planning and Timing (10%) /10

Precise timing of group presentation

(25mins)

Excellent individual contribution

Evidence of preparation

Group organised

80+

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

<40

Over or under time

Little individual

contribution to overall

presentation

Poorly presented

Poorly organised

3. Use of Visual Aids (10%) /10

Excellent use of visual aids

Use of diagrams/graphical data to

support ideas

80+

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

<40

Poor use of visual aids

Textual reporting of

scientific data only

4. Presentation (20%) /20

Excellent presentation, clearly spoken

Overall professional appearance

Handouts/reference list given

80+

70-79

60-69

50-59

40-49

<40

Poorly presented

Lacks professional

appearance

Handouts/reference list

given


SEMESTER 1 SCHEDULE.

Week Date

1 Lecture: Introduction. Mon 1

st Oct

2

Lecture: Basic Training Principles. Mon 8th

Oct

Lab A: Introduction to Direct Measurement of VO2 & VCO2.

Tue 9th

or Wed 10th

Oct

3

Lecture: Overtraining in Sport.

Mon 15

th Oct

Lab B: Direct Measurement of Aerobic Capacity during

Exercise. Tue 16

th or Wed 17

th

Oct

4 Lecture: Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise. Mon 22

nd Oct

Lab C: Online Gas Analysis. Tue 23rd

or Wed 24th

Oct

5 Lecture: Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise.

Mon 29th

Oct

Lab D: Measurement of Energy Expenditure using Indirect

Calorimetry. Tue 30

rd or Wed 31

th

Oct

6

Lecture: Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance

Exercise.

Mon 5th

Nov

Lab E: Measurement of Anaerobic Power. Tue 6th

or Wed 7th

Nov

7 Lecture: Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise. Mon 12

th Nov

8 Lecture: Ergogenic Aids in Sport.

Mon 19th

Nov

Group Presentations. Tue 20th

or Wed 21st

Nov

9 Lecture: Recovery Strategies in Sport.

Mon 26th

Nov

Group Presentations. Tue 27th

or Wed 28th

Nov

10 Revision. Mon 3

rd Dec

11 Completion Week- Exam. Wk beginning 10

th

Dec

Documents

Physiology of Training- Semester 1 Handbook File