Overview on CDMOverview on CDM
By Ann Gordon
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment
14th July 2011
Overview on CDMOverview on CDM
ContentsUnited Nations Framework
Convention on Climate ChangeKyoto Protocol to the UNFCCCAnnex I targetsThe Kyoto Mechanisms
United Nations Framework United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(UNFCCC)
Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system…within a timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”
UNFCCC- Developed UNFCCC- Developed CountriesCountriesCommitment - To return
individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000
However, their emissions continue to rise
UNFCCC UNFCCC Belize signed in 1992Belize ratified in 1994Convention came into force on 21
March 1994At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group
on the Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to draft an agreement to strengthen developed country commitments
8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
Parties included in Annex I (developed countries) shall reduce their overall emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels in the 2008-2012 commitment period
Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50 Parties representing 55% of global GHG emissions ratified◦US withdrew
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Sectors/Source CategoriesSectors/Source Categories
EnergyForestryIndustrial ProcessesAgricultureWasteSolvent and other product use
Quantified Emission TargetsQuantified Emission TargetsParty Quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitment
EU-15 -8%
United States -7%
Poland, Canada, Japan, Hungary
-6%
Croatia -5%
New Zealand, Russian Federation
0%
Norway +1%
Australia +8%
Iceland +10%
The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete steps to curb GHG emissions
How Annex I countries meet How Annex I countries meet Kyoto commitmentKyoto commitment
Targeted GHG Reductions
Annex I countries
Domestic Actions
The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete steps to curb GHG emissions
How Annex I countries meet How Annex I countries meet Kyoto commitmentKyoto commitment
Targeted GHG Reductions
Annex I countries
Domestic Actions
Flexible Kyoto Mechanisms
KYOTO MECHANISMS
Article 6: Joint
Implementation
Article 12: Clean
Development Mechanism
Article 17: Emission Trading
Partnership:Annex I + Annex
I
Partnership:Annex I + Annex
I
Partnership:Annex I + non-Annex I
ERUs CERs AAUs
Clean Development Clean Development MechanismMechanism
Annex I Countries
Non-Annex I Countries
Financial Investments
Developing countries
Industrialized Countries
Clean Development Clean Development MechanismMechanism
Annex I Countries
Non-Annex I Countries
Financial Investments
Technology Transfer
Developing countries
Industrialized Countries
What makes projects eligible for What makes projects eligible for CDMCDM
Baseline-What would happen in the absence of the Project
Emission Reduction
Project Emission
Baseline Emission
CERs
GHG Emissions
Year
Without CDM
With CDM
What makes projects eligible for What makes projects eligible for CDMCDM
CERs = Emission ReductionEmission Reduction = Baseline Emission – Project Emission-Leakage
Baseline-What would happen in the absence of the Project
Emission Reduction
Project Emission
Baseline Emission
CERs
GHG Emissions
Year
Without CDM
With CDM
Revenues from CERs
The CDM is supervised by the Executive BoardThe Executive Board is composed of 10
members , including one from each of the 5 official UN regions, one from the SIDS, and 2 each from AI and NAI
The EB accredits operational entitiesThe EB maintains a CDM registry
-issue new CERs-manage an account for CERs levied
adaptation and administrative expenses-maintain a CER account for each NAI
hosting a CDM project
International Structure for International Structure for CDMCDM
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