Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity
For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows.
Water Molds (Oomycota)
Characteristics
• Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles
• Ribosomes (80s)• Unicellular,
Colonial, and Multicellular types
Four Supergroups:• Excavata• SAR
(Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria)
• Archaeplastida (includes land plants)
• Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia
“excavated” groove on one side of the body(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria,two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton)
haploid
ex. Trichimonas(Causes Trichomoniasis)“excavated” groove on one side of the body
(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, _____________________)
Supergroup: ExcavataClade: Parabaslids
Undulating Membrane
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa
“excavated” groove on one side of the body
• Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod
• 2 Groups:– Euglenids– Kinetoplastids
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Euglenids
ex. Euglena
(anterior pocket with flagella)
ex. ___________
(single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Kinetoplastids Trypanosoma
Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Contain
Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface
• 3 Groups:– Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates
Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
Group: _____________
(2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll)
Dinoflagellates
group: Apicomplexansex. __________(parasitic, apical structure)
Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata
Plasmodium
Supergroup: SARClade: AlveolataGroup: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)
• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Have hair-
like projections on flagella• Four Groups:
– Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)– Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)– Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)– Water Mold (Oomycetes)
Supergroup: SARClade: _____________Stramenopiles
Overlapping silica testpigments: carotene, xanthophyll,-Diatomaceous earth,-Filters-Fertilizing the oceans
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Diatoms
cell wall: ________
pigments: carotene, xanthophyll
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)
Silica
cell wall: cellulose, alginAlternation of generations
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Brown Algae
pigments:nonecell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae
Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s)
Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Water Molds (Oomycota)
• Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding
• Groups:– Cercozoans– Foraminiferans– Radiolarians
SAR (Rhizaria)
Supergroup: SARGroup: CercozoansPlastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3rd from alga’s plasma membrane4th from heterotrophic food vacuole.
porous shells – made of ____________
Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Foraminiferans (Forams)
Calcium Carbonate
Actinopods (fused plates – silica withaxopodia)
Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Radiolarians
• Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium
• Three Groups:– Red Algae
(Rodophyta)– Green Algae
(Chlorophyta)– Land Plants
Supergroup: Archaeplastida
Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Rhodophyta (Red)
• Red Algae• Phycoerythrin
Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Chlorophyta(& Charophytes)
Green AlgaeHave Chloroplasts similar to plants
Supergroup: Unikonta• Very Diverse Group• Molecular Systematics links groups
(but highly debatable)– Two Clades:
• Amoebozoans• Opisthokonts
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans
Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
•Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________Pseudopodia
• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal
• Plasmoidial – NOT ________________
• From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei– diploid
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Multicellular
• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal
• ___________• (feed like individual
amoebas)– aggregate to breed
or during stressHaploid Organisms
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Cellular
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Most are Free-living Amoebas
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas
Most are parastic amoebas
Entamoeba histolytica 3rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:NucleariidsGroup:Choanoflagellates
Very Diverse Group:Nuceariids = most closely related to FungiChoanoflagellates = most closely related to animals
• Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:Nucleariids
• Similar in morphology and DNA to animals
Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:Choanoflagellates