Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows.

Water Molds (Oomycota)

Characteristics

• Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles

• Ribosomes (80s)• Unicellular,

Colonial, and Multicellular types

Four Supergroups:• Excavata• SAR

(Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria)

• Archaeplastida (includes land plants)

• Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)

Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia

“excavated” groove on one side of the body(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria,two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton)

haploid

ex. Trichimonas(Causes Trichomoniasis)“excavated” groove on one side of the body

(lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, _____________________)

Supergroup: ExcavataClade: Parabaslids

Undulating Membrane

Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa

“excavated” groove on one side of the body

• Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod

• 2 Groups:– Euglenids– Kinetoplastids

Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Euglenids

ex. Euglena

(anterior pocket with flagella)

ex. ___________

(single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA)

Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Kinetoplastids Trypanosoma

Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata

• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Contain

Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface

• 3 Groups:– Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates

Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata

Group: _____________

(2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll)

Dinoflagellates

group: Apicomplexansex. __________(parasitic, apical structure)

Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata

Plasmodium

Supergroup: SARClade: AlveolataGroup: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)

• Supergroup Char: DNA• Clade characteristics: Have hair-

like projections on flagella• Four Groups:

– Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)– Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)– Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)– Water Mold (Oomycetes)

Supergroup: SARClade: _____________Stramenopiles

Overlapping silica testpigments: carotene, xanthophyll,-Diatomaceous earth,-Filters-Fertilizing the oceans

Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Diatoms

cell wall: ________

pigments: carotene, xanthophyll

Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)

Silica

cell wall: cellulose, alginAlternation of generations

Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Brown Algae

pigments:nonecell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae

Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s)

Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Water Molds (Oomycota)

• Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding

• Groups:– Cercozoans– Foraminiferans– Radiolarians

SAR (Rhizaria)

Supergroup: SARGroup: CercozoansPlastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3rd from alga’s plasma membrane4th from heterotrophic food vacuole.

porous shells – made of ____________

Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Foraminiferans (Forams)

Calcium Carbonate

Actinopods (fused plates – silica withaxopodia)

Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Radiolarians

• Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium

• Three Groups:– Red Algae

(Rodophyta)– Green Algae

(Chlorophyta)– Land Plants

Supergroup: Archaeplastida

Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Rhodophyta (Red)

• Red Algae• Phycoerythrin

Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Chlorophyta(& Charophytes)

Green AlgaeHave Chloroplasts similar to plants

Supergroup: Unikonta• Very Diverse Group• Molecular Systematics links groups

(but highly debatable)– Two Clades:

• Amoebozoans• Opisthokonts

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans

Group:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas

•Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________Pseudopodia

• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal

• Plasmoidial – NOT ________________

• From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei– diploid

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas

Multicellular

• Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal

• ___________• (feed like individual

amoebas)– aggregate to breed

or during stressHaploid Organisms

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas

Cellular

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas

Most are Free-living Amoebas

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime MoldsGroup:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas

Most are parastic amoebas

Entamoeba histolytica 3rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:NucleariidsGroup:Choanoflagellates

Very Diverse Group:Nuceariids = most closely related to FungiChoanoflagellates = most closely related to animals

• Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:Nucleariids

• Similar in morphology and DNA to animals

Supergroup: UnikontaClade: OpisthokontsGroup:Choanoflagellates