Operating Systems, Operating Systems, Utilities, and NetworkUtilities, and Network
Lesson 2Lesson 2
Putting the Computer to WorkPutting the Computer to Work
Application SoftwareApplication Software
Allows people to use the computer Allows people to use the computer for work and/or playfor work and/or playMemos, reports, inventory, paint, Memos, reports, inventory, paint,
design, draw, games--solitairedesign, draw, games--solitaireCan be described in two waysCan be described in two ways
How it is acquiredHow it is acquiredHow it is usedHow it is used
Application software - Application software - acquiredacquired
Commercial SoftwareCommercial Software Sold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, AdobeSold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, Adobe
Custom (or Proprietary) softwareCustom (or Proprietary) software Made to order software can be very expensiveMade to order software can be very expensive
Shareware SoftwareShareware Software Use of programs at no charge for a limited time Use of programs at no charge for a limited time
(demo programs) (demo programs) To continue use must pay for the softwareTo continue use must pay for the software
Freeware SoftwareFreeware Software No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user
for profitfor profit
Application Software - UsageApplication Software - Usage
Horizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application SoftwareSoftware that can be used for a variety Software that can be used for a variety
of purposes and is more commonof purposes and is more commonWord processing – menu, memo, newsletterWord processing – menu, memo, newsletterGeneral productivity programsGeneral productivity programs
Vertical Application SoftwareVertical Application SoftwareSpecialized – used for a specific purposeSpecialized – used for a specific purpose
Typing software, grade softwareTyping software, grade software
General Productivity General Productivity ProgramsPrograms
Horizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application SoftwarePackaged as standalone, integrated, or as program Packaged as standalone, integrated, or as program
suitessuites
Integrated programIntegrated programCombines two or more programs such as Combines two or more programs such as
word processing, spreadsheet, database word processing, spreadsheet, database into one programinto one program
Example: Microsoft Works, AppleWorksExample: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks
Program SuiteProgram SuiteStand alone programs that can be used Stand alone programs that can be used
independently but can move data among independently but can move data among each the programseach the programs
Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware)Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware)
Graphics ProgramGraphics ProgramHorizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application Software
Paint ProgramsPaint Programs Allows an individual to paint by using dots or pixelsAllows an individual to paint by using dots or pixels
Easy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small fileEasy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small fileDisadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting Disadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting
its resolution its resolution
Draw programsDraw programs Uses mathematical formulas instead of dotsUses mathematical formulas instead of dots
Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, easier to editeasier to edit
Known as object-oriented graphicsKnown as object-oriented graphicsDisadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to Disadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to
useuseExamples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM, Examples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM,
Photo editingPhoto editing
Browser and E-Mail ProgramsBrowser and E-Mail ProgramsHorizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application Software
Necessary to access the InternetNecessary to access the Internet Web BrowserWeb Browser
Allows surfing on the Web and displays Web pagesAllows surfing on the Web and displays Web pages Converts HTML codes to readable textConverts HTML codes to readable text
Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links)Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links)
Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator)Locator)
E-Mail ClientE-Mail Client To Access e-mail messages, address book, distribution To Access e-mail messages, address book, distribution
lists, files, attachmentslists, files, attachments
Understand the Basics of Understand the Basics of Telecommunications and Telecommunications and
Internet ServicesInternet Services
TelecommunicationsTelecommunicationsTele – over a distanceTele – over a distance
Television, telephone, telegraph, and Television, telephone, telegraph, and facsimilefacsimile
ConnectionConnectionConnectiConnection Typeon Type
AvailabilityAvailability ConvenienceConvenience Data Trans- Data Trans- mission mission speedspeed
UsabilitUsabilityy
Analog Analog Phone Phone LineLine
Almost Almost everywhereeverywhere
Plug into phone Plug into phone jack/most modems jack/most modems in computerin computer
42-56 kbps42-56 kbps Dial-upDial-up
ISDNISDN Only Where Only Where OfferedOffered
Uses telephone Uses telephone lines/requires lines/requires ISDN adapterISDN adapter
64-128 kbps64-128 kbps Dial-upDial-up
DSLDSL Mostly Mostly Metropolitan Metropolitan AreasAreas
special telephone special telephone lines/ DSL modemlines/ DSL modem
512 kbps-1.544 512 kbps-1.544 MbpsMbps
Always Always onon
CableCable Only by Cable Only by Cable TV companiesTV companies
Cable TB access, Cable TB access, special modem, special modem, network cardnetwork card
1.5 – 3 Mbps1.5 – 3 Mbps Always Always onon
SatelliteSatellite Only by Only by satellite dish satellite dish TV servicesTV services
Satellite dish; Satellite dish; regular phone line regular phone line and modem to and modem to upload filesupload files
150kbps – 1000 150kbps – 1000 kbpskbps
Always Always onon
Internet Service Providers Internet Service Providers (ISPs)(ISPs)
Companies that provide access to Companies that provide access to the Internet for users to subscribethe Internet for users to subscribeServices provided: e-mail, web access, Services provided: e-mail, web access,
file transfers, newsgroups, web hostingfile transfers, newsgroups, web hostingOnline Services: access to informationOnline Services: access to information
Chat rooms, online shopping, stock quotesChat rooms, online shopping, stock quotes
Types of Internet ServicesTypes of Internet ServicesServiceService DescriptionDescriptionFile Transfer (FTP)File Transfer (FTP) Remote computers store files. Remote computers store files.
Users can download or upload Users can download or upload filesfiles
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Chat rooms where users can type Chat rooms where users can type and read messages in online and read messages in online groupgroup
Instant Messaging (IM)Instant Messaging (IM) Send and receive messages Send and receive messages instantly to anyone on their instantly to anyone on their “buddies list”“buddies list”
NewsgroupsNewsgroups Forums are online discussion Forums are online discussion groups organized by specific groups organized by specific topicstopics
Electronic commerce (e-Electronic commerce (e-commerce)commerce)
Business-to business (B2B) or Business-to business (B2B) or business-to-customer (B2C) business-to-customer (B2C) onlineonline
Bulletin board system (BBS)Bulletin board system (BBS) Similar to a newsgroup; no need Similar to a newsgroup; no need for a newsreaderfor a newsreader
Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing Transmit both video and audio Transmit both video and audio data in “real-time”data in “real-time”
Internet telephonyInternet telephony Transmit voice or fax data using Transmit voice or fax data using the Internet instead of a the Internet instead of a telephonetelephone
Increase Productivity by Using a Increase Productivity by Using a NetworkNetwork
NetworkNetwork
Two or more computers that are Two or more computers that are linked to each otherlinked to each other
Types of NetworkTypes of NetworkLocal area network (LAN)Local area network (LAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN)Personal area network (PAN)Personal area network (PAN)
NetworkNetwork
LAN (Local area network)LAN (Local area network)Connects computers within a network, Connects computers within a network,
office, a building or buildings physically office, a building or buildings physically close together.close together.
MAN (metropolitan area network)MAN (metropolitan area network)Used by organizations with offices Used by organizations with offices
located within a small regionlocated within a small regionCan connect various LANs to MANCan connect various LANs to MAN
NetworkNetwork
WAN (wide area network)WAN (wide area network)All LANs and MANs can be connected to All LANs and MANs can be connected to
a WAN regardless of distancea WAN regardless of distancePAN (personal area network)PAN (personal area network)
Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to each other and the outside world each other and the outside world through wireless and satellite through wireless and satellite technologiestechnologies
Understand the Components of a Understand the Components of a NetworkNetwork
ComponentsComponents
Node: each device on a local area Node: each device on a local area networknetwork
File servers: high-speed computers File servers: high-speed computers that store large amounts of datathat store large amounts of data
Access to up-to date dataAccess to up-to date dataEliminates duplication of same dataEliminates duplication of same data
ComponentsComponents
Physical media: Connects all notes and file serversPhysical media: Connects all notes and file serversTypeType UsesUses Max DistanceMax Distance CostCost
Twisted pairTwisted pair Small Small LANsLANs
300 ft300 ft lowlow
Coaxial cableCoaxial cable Large Large LANsLANs
600-2500 ft600-2500 ft mediummedium
Fiber OpticFiber Optic BackbonBackbones WANses WANs
1-25 miles1-25 miles HighHigh
Wireless/Wireless/infraredinfrared
LANsLANs 3-1,000 feet3-1,000 feet MediumMedium
Wireless/radioWireless/radio Connects Connects things things that that movemove
VariesVaries HighHigh
ComponentsComponents
NIC (network interface card)NIC (network interface card)Controls the flow of data between the Controls the flow of data between the
computer’s RAM and network cablecomputer’s RAM and network cableNOS (network operating system)NOS (network operating system)
Manages connection between the nodes Manages connection between the nodes and the file serversand the file servers
Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s NetWareNetWare
Network TopologyNetwork Topology
Physical arrangements of computersPhysical arrangements of computersBus topologyBus topologyStar topologyStar topologyRing topologyRing topology
Bus TopologyBus Topology
Simplest formatSimplest formatIf cable breaks the entire network may If cable breaks the entire network may
crashcrash
Star TopologyStar Topology
Connects to a hub; uses more cableConnects to a hub; uses more cableA single broken cable will not crash A single broken cable will not crash
the networkthe network
Ring TopologyRing Topology
Each node connects in a circular Each node connects in a circular arrangement using a token arrangement using a token To send or receive data it must wait To send or receive data it must wait
until the token gets their; a break can until the token gets their; a break can affect the networkaffect the network
Network ProtocolsNetwork Protocols
Other than the nodes, physical Other than the nodes, physical media, file servers, and NOS, media, file servers, and NOS, networks use protocolsnetworks use protocolsProtocols: standards that describe how Protocols: standards that describe how
the different computers communicate the different computers communicate with each otherwith each other
LAN StandardsLAN Standards
EthernetEthernet Bus and Bus and star star topologytopology
Twisted-Twisted-pair/fiber pair/fiber opticsoptics
10 Mbps10 Mbps
Fast Fast EthernetEthernet
100 Mbps100 Mbps
Token Token RingRing
Ring Ring topologytopology
4 to 16 4 to 16 MbpsMbps
Local TalkLocal Talk Bus Bus topologytopology
230 Kbps230 Kbps