Operating Systems, Operating Systems, Utilities, and NetworkUtilities, and Network

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Putting the Computer to WorkPutting the Computer to Work

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Allows people to use the computer Allows people to use the computer for work and/or playfor work and/or playMemos, reports, inventory, paint, Memos, reports, inventory, paint,

design, draw, games--solitairedesign, draw, games--solitaireCan be described in two waysCan be described in two ways

How it is acquiredHow it is acquiredHow it is usedHow it is used

Application software - Application software - acquiredacquired

Commercial SoftwareCommercial Software Sold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, AdobeSold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, Adobe

Custom (or Proprietary) softwareCustom (or Proprietary) software Made to order software can be very expensiveMade to order software can be very expensive

Shareware SoftwareShareware Software Use of programs at no charge for a limited time Use of programs at no charge for a limited time

(demo programs) (demo programs) To continue use must pay for the softwareTo continue use must pay for the software

Freeware SoftwareFreeware Software No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user

for profitfor profit

Application Software - UsageApplication Software - Usage

Horizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application SoftwareSoftware that can be used for a variety Software that can be used for a variety

of purposes and is more commonof purposes and is more commonWord processing – menu, memo, newsletterWord processing – menu, memo, newsletterGeneral productivity programsGeneral productivity programs

Vertical Application SoftwareVertical Application SoftwareSpecialized – used for a specific purposeSpecialized – used for a specific purpose

Typing software, grade softwareTyping software, grade software

General Productivity General Productivity ProgramsPrograms

Horizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application SoftwarePackaged as standalone, integrated, or as program Packaged as standalone, integrated, or as program

suitessuites

Integrated programIntegrated programCombines two or more programs such as Combines two or more programs such as

word processing, spreadsheet, database word processing, spreadsheet, database into one programinto one program

Example: Microsoft Works, AppleWorksExample: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks

Program SuiteProgram SuiteStand alone programs that can be used Stand alone programs that can be used

independently but can move data among independently but can move data among each the programseach the programs

Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware)Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware)

Graphics ProgramGraphics ProgramHorizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application Software

Paint ProgramsPaint Programs Allows an individual to paint by using dots or pixelsAllows an individual to paint by using dots or pixels

Easy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small fileEasy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small fileDisadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting Disadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting

its resolution its resolution

Draw programsDraw programs Uses mathematical formulas instead of dotsUses mathematical formulas instead of dots

Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, easier to editeasier to edit

Known as object-oriented graphicsKnown as object-oriented graphicsDisadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to Disadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to

useuseExamples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM, Examples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM,

Photo editingPhoto editing

Browser and E-Mail ProgramsBrowser and E-Mail ProgramsHorizontal Application SoftwareHorizontal Application Software

Necessary to access the InternetNecessary to access the Internet Web BrowserWeb Browser

Allows surfing on the Web and displays Web pagesAllows surfing on the Web and displays Web pages Converts HTML codes to readable textConverts HTML codes to readable text

Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links)Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links)

Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator)Locator)

E-Mail ClientE-Mail Client To Access e-mail messages, address book, distribution To Access e-mail messages, address book, distribution

lists, files, attachmentslists, files, attachments

Understand the Basics of Understand the Basics of Telecommunications and Telecommunications and

Internet ServicesInternet Services

TelecommunicationsTelecommunicationsTele – over a distanceTele – over a distance

Television, telephone, telegraph, and Television, telephone, telegraph, and facsimilefacsimile

ConnectionConnectionConnectiConnection Typeon Type

AvailabilityAvailability ConvenienceConvenience Data Trans- Data Trans- mission mission speedspeed

UsabilitUsabilityy

Analog Analog Phone Phone LineLine

Almost Almost everywhereeverywhere

Plug into phone Plug into phone jack/most modems jack/most modems in computerin computer

42-56 kbps42-56 kbps Dial-upDial-up

ISDNISDN Only Where Only Where OfferedOffered

Uses telephone Uses telephone lines/requires lines/requires ISDN adapterISDN adapter

64-128 kbps64-128 kbps Dial-upDial-up

DSLDSL Mostly Mostly Metropolitan Metropolitan AreasAreas

special telephone special telephone lines/ DSL modemlines/ DSL modem

512 kbps-1.544 512 kbps-1.544 MbpsMbps

Always Always onon

CableCable Only by Cable Only by Cable TV companiesTV companies

Cable TB access, Cable TB access, special modem, special modem, network cardnetwork card

1.5 – 3 Mbps1.5 – 3 Mbps Always Always onon

SatelliteSatellite Only by Only by satellite dish satellite dish TV servicesTV services

Satellite dish; Satellite dish; regular phone line regular phone line and modem to and modem to upload filesupload files

150kbps – 1000 150kbps – 1000 kbpskbps

Always Always onon

Internet Service Providers Internet Service Providers (ISPs)(ISPs)

Companies that provide access to Companies that provide access to the Internet for users to subscribethe Internet for users to subscribeServices provided: e-mail, web access, Services provided: e-mail, web access,

file transfers, newsgroups, web hostingfile transfers, newsgroups, web hostingOnline Services: access to informationOnline Services: access to information

Chat rooms, online shopping, stock quotesChat rooms, online shopping, stock quotes

Types of Internet ServicesTypes of Internet ServicesServiceService DescriptionDescriptionFile Transfer (FTP)File Transfer (FTP) Remote computers store files. Remote computers store files.

Users can download or upload Users can download or upload filesfiles

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Chat rooms where users can type Chat rooms where users can type and read messages in online and read messages in online groupgroup

Instant Messaging (IM)Instant Messaging (IM) Send and receive messages Send and receive messages instantly to anyone on their instantly to anyone on their “buddies list”“buddies list”

NewsgroupsNewsgroups Forums are online discussion Forums are online discussion groups organized by specific groups organized by specific topicstopics

Electronic commerce (e-Electronic commerce (e-commerce)commerce)

Business-to business (B2B) or Business-to business (B2B) or business-to-customer (B2C) business-to-customer (B2C) onlineonline

Bulletin board system (BBS)Bulletin board system (BBS) Similar to a newsgroup; no need Similar to a newsgroup; no need for a newsreaderfor a newsreader

Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing Transmit both video and audio Transmit both video and audio data in “real-time”data in “real-time”

Internet telephonyInternet telephony Transmit voice or fax data using Transmit voice or fax data using the Internet instead of a the Internet instead of a telephonetelephone

Increase Productivity by Using a Increase Productivity by Using a NetworkNetwork

NetworkNetwork

Two or more computers that are Two or more computers that are linked to each otherlinked to each other

Types of NetworkTypes of NetworkLocal area network (LAN)Local area network (LAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN)Personal area network (PAN)Personal area network (PAN)

NetworkNetwork

LAN (Local area network)LAN (Local area network)Connects computers within a network, Connects computers within a network,

office, a building or buildings physically office, a building or buildings physically close together.close together.

MAN (metropolitan area network)MAN (metropolitan area network)Used by organizations with offices Used by organizations with offices

located within a small regionlocated within a small regionCan connect various LANs to MANCan connect various LANs to MAN

NetworkNetwork

WAN (wide area network)WAN (wide area network)All LANs and MANs can be connected to All LANs and MANs can be connected to

a WAN regardless of distancea WAN regardless of distancePAN (personal area network)PAN (personal area network)

Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to each other and the outside world each other and the outside world through wireless and satellite through wireless and satellite technologiestechnologies

Understand the Components of a Understand the Components of a NetworkNetwork

ComponentsComponents

Node: each device on a local area Node: each device on a local area networknetwork

File servers: high-speed computers File servers: high-speed computers that store large amounts of datathat store large amounts of data

Access to up-to date dataAccess to up-to date dataEliminates duplication of same dataEliminates duplication of same data

ComponentsComponents

Physical media: Connects all notes and file serversPhysical media: Connects all notes and file serversTypeType UsesUses Max DistanceMax Distance CostCost

Twisted pairTwisted pair Small Small LANsLANs

300 ft300 ft lowlow

Coaxial cableCoaxial cable Large Large LANsLANs

600-2500 ft600-2500 ft mediummedium

Fiber OpticFiber Optic BackbonBackbones WANses WANs

1-25 miles1-25 miles HighHigh

Wireless/Wireless/infraredinfrared

LANsLANs 3-1,000 feet3-1,000 feet MediumMedium

Wireless/radioWireless/radio Connects Connects things things that that movemove

VariesVaries HighHigh

ComponentsComponents

NIC (network interface card)NIC (network interface card)Controls the flow of data between the Controls the flow of data between the

computer’s RAM and network cablecomputer’s RAM and network cableNOS (network operating system)NOS (network operating system)

Manages connection between the nodes Manages connection between the nodes and the file serversand the file servers

Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s NetWareNetWare

Network TopologyNetwork Topology

Physical arrangements of computersPhysical arrangements of computersBus topologyBus topologyStar topologyStar topologyRing topologyRing topology

Bus TopologyBus Topology

Simplest formatSimplest formatIf cable breaks the entire network may If cable breaks the entire network may

crashcrash

Star TopologyStar Topology

Connects to a hub; uses more cableConnects to a hub; uses more cableA single broken cable will not crash A single broken cable will not crash

the networkthe network

Ring TopologyRing Topology

Each node connects in a circular Each node connects in a circular arrangement using a token arrangement using a token To send or receive data it must wait To send or receive data it must wait

until the token gets their; a break can until the token gets their; a break can affect the networkaffect the network

Network ProtocolsNetwork Protocols

Other than the nodes, physical Other than the nodes, physical media, file servers, and NOS, media, file servers, and NOS, networks use protocolsnetworks use protocolsProtocols: standards that describe how Protocols: standards that describe how

the different computers communicate the different computers communicate with each otherwith each other

LAN StandardsLAN Standards

EthernetEthernet Bus and Bus and star star topologytopology

Twisted-Twisted-pair/fiber pair/fiber opticsoptics

10 Mbps10 Mbps

Fast Fast EthernetEthernet

100 Mbps100 Mbps

Token Token RingRing

Ring Ring topologytopology

4 to 16 4 to 16 MbpsMbps

Local TalkLocal Talk Bus Bus topologytopology

230 Kbps230 Kbps