Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary
Jonathan T. Pennington
Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary has been developed to help studentslearn and review biblical Hebrew vocabulary. While there are other toolsavailable, this project is unique because it combines the printed wordwith the spoken word. This enables the student to engage the material ina more effective way, through multisensory learning.
Many students who come to biblical Hebrew will have also learned someKoine Greek. In both instances, the hard work of vocabulary learning isessential for efficient reading and use of the biblical texts. In the case ofGreek, many words have recognizable cognates in English. With Hebrew,however, this is less often the case. Therefore, a ready knowledge of Hebrewvocabulary is all the more important to effectively read and study theHebrew Bible.
In the introduction to my New Testament Greek Vocabulary (Zondervan,2001), I offered a few tips for maximizing the time spent in vocabularystudy:
Use all the senses. Our retention of information grows exponentiallywhen we use all of our senses. Using this program to hear andpronounce the words is another way to greatly increase learning.The student will do well to also write out the words he or she istrying to learn.
Repetition. Repetition. Repetition. When learning a musical
3
instrument, it is far superior to play one’s scales for fifteen minutes
a day than to play for three hours on Saturday. So it is with vocabulary.Using this booklet and the audio program regularly – even fiveminutes per day – will eventually make these words second nature.
Be consistent. In learning a new word, be careful to always pronouncethe sounds correctly and to emphasize the correct syllable.Consistency here will save you much time and effort.
Using This ProgramOld Testament Hebrew Vocabulary consists of all the words that occur in theMasoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible twenty times or more. Also includedare proper names that occur one hundred times or more. All the wordsare broken into groups by frequency, or how often they appear in the text.Within each group the words are alphabetized in Hebrew order.
This arrangement is designed to facilitate the “word frequency count”method of learning. This is a logical and efficient way to learn vocabulary,as more common words are learned before less common ones. This audioprogram serves the needs of both first- and second-year students, as wellas anyone desiring to review and maintain their vocabulary.
It is important to note that the glosses (definitions) given for each Hebrewword are not the only possible translations. Words are delightfully flexible,especially across time and genre. The glosses given here are meant as the"first-try" in translating and will generally give the student a good workingdefinition. For more options and more detailed study, one should alwaysconsult a standard lexicon. The glosses used here are based in the firstinstance on the lexical work of Miles Van Pelt and Gary Pratico in theirVocabulary Guide for Biblical Hebrew (Zondervan, 2003), though they will
4
vary at times and will often be condensed.
AcknowledgmentsThis project came into being at the initiative of my editor, Verlyn Verbrugge.It has been a great pleasure to work with Verlyn on several projects overthe last couple of years. I am thankful for his expertise, efficiency, andkindness.
Also, great thanks go to recording engineer, Jeff Bowden. Jeff’s talents inthe recording booth and his enthusiasm for the projects are greatlyappreciated.
I would be remiss not to acknowledge that the bulk of the preparatorywork for this project was done through the skill and diligence of MilesVan Pelt. I gladly acknowledge his greater knowledge of Hebrew thanmine and appreciate his labors through many editorial revisions and hoursof recording! Any errors remain mine.
About the AuthorJonathan T. Pennington is a Ph.D. student in New Testament Studies atthe University of St. Andrews, Scotland. For five years he served as AssociatePastor at the Evangelical Free Church of Mt. Morris, Illinois. He attendedTrinity Evangelical Divinity School and was for two years a NT TeachingFellow. He is the author of New Testament Greek Vocabulary (Zondervan,2001), Readings in the Greek New Testament (Zondervan, 2003), and co-authorof The Elements of NT Greek with CD’s and Syntax Lists with J. W. Wenham
5
and Norman H. Young (Cambridge University Press, 2001).
Old Testament Hebrew Vocabulary Words
Words that occur morethan 1,000 times
(Disk 1, Track 3)
אב father, ancestorאיש man, husbandאל– to, toward, into
אלהים God, godsאם if
אמר to sayא.רץ land, earth, groundאשר who, that, whichאת (object marker) not
translatedב in, against
בוא to go in, enterב.ית house, householdבן son
דבר to speakדבר word, matter, thing
6
דוד David
הב theהוא (3ms) he, it; (ms) thatהיה to be, becomeהלך to go, walkהנה behold, look
ו and, but, alsoזה (ms) thisיד hand
יהוה Yahweh, LORD
יום dayיצא to go (come) out, go
(come) forthישראל Israel
ישב to sit, dwellכ as, like, according toכי that, becauseכל all, each, everyל to, toward, for
לא no, notמ.לך king, ruler
מן from, out ofנתן to giveעד until, as far as, duringעיר city, townעל on, upon, on account of,
according toעם peopleעם with, together with
עשה to do, makeפנים face, front; לפני before, in
front ofראה to see; (Ni) appearשוב to turn, returnשמע to hear, listen, obey
Words that occur 1000–500 times(Disk 1, Track 4)
אדון lord, master; אדני Lordאדם man, mankindאח brother
אחרי after, behindאחד one
7
א.ין is not, are not
אכל to eat, consumeאל no, not
אלה (cp) theseאני (1cs) I
אשה woman, wifeאת with, beside
אתה (2ms) youבת daughter
גדול great, big, largeגוי nation, peopleגם also, even
ד.רך way, roadה (interrog particle) prefixed
to the first word of aquestion
הם (3mp) they; (mp) thatהר mountain, hillזאת (fs) thisחמש five; (mp) חמשים fiftyטוב good, pleasantידע to know
יהודה Judah
כה thus, hereכהן priestכן so, thusלב heart, mind, will
לקח to take, grasp, seizeמאה hundredמה what?מות to dieמ.ים water
מצר.ים Egyptמשה Mosesנכה to strike, beatנ<פש soul, lifeנשא to lift, carry, raiseבד ע. slave, servantעבר to pass over, pass through,
pass byין ע. eye, springעלה to go up, ascendעמד to stand, take one’s standקול voice, sound
8
קום to rise, arise
קרא to call, summonראש head, top, chiefשים to set (up), put, placeשם name, reputationשם there, then, at that timeשלח to send, stretch outשלש three; שלשים thirtyשנה yearשנ<ים twoחת ת. under, below, instead of
Words that occur 499–350 times(Disk 1, Track 5)
לף א. thousandאנכי (1cs) I, myselfארבע four; (mp) ארבעים fortyאש fireבין betweenבנה to buildדם bloodהיא (3fs) she, it; (fs) thatזהב goldח.רב sword
ילד to bear (children), givebirth, beget
ים seaירד to go down, come downכ.סף silver, moneyלוי Levi, Levite
מזבח altarמי who?
מלך to reign, be king or queenמצא to findמקום place, locationמשפט judgment, law, custom
נא please, now, surelyנאם utterance, announcementנגד to tell, report, declareנפל to fallעוד again, still, as long as
עולם forever, everlastingשר ע. ten; (mp) עשרים twentyעתה nowפה mouth, opening
9
צבא host, army
צוה to command, orderק.דש holiness, something that is
holyרב great, manyרוח spirit, wind, breathרעה evil, wickednessשר chief official, ruler, prince
שאול Saulש.בע seven; (mp) שבעים
seventyשמ.ים heaven, skyשמר to watch, guard, keepש.ער gate
Words that occur 349–250 times(Disk 1, Track 6)
א.בן stoneהל א. tentאהרן Aaron
או orאיב enemyאף nostril, nose;
(metaphorically) anger
אתם (2mp) youבבל Babylonברית covenantברך to blessבשר fleshבתוך in the midst (middle) ofגבול border, boundary,
territoryח.דש month, new moonחזק to be strong; (Hi) seize,
graspחטאת sin, sin offering
חי living, aliveחיה to live, be alive
יעקב Jacobירא to fear, be afraidכלי vessel, implementכרת to cut off, make a covenant
(with ברית)חם ל. bread, foodלמען on account of, for the sake ofמאד very, exceedingly
10
מדבר wilderness, desert, pasture
מטה (ms) staff, rod, tribeמלא to be full, fill
מלחמה war, battleמשפחה family, clan
נביא prophetסביב around, about; (n)
surroundingsסור to turn aside, leaveעבד to work, serveעלה whole burnt offeringענה to answer, testifyעץ tree, wood
עשר tenעת time, point of time
פלשתי Philistineפקד to attend, pay attention to,
number, appointצאן flock, sheep and goatsקרב to approach, draw nearר.גל footרע bad, evil
רשע wicked, guilty
שדה field, pastureשלמה Solomonשש six; (mp) ששים sixty
Words that occur 249–200 times(Disk 1, Track 7)
אדמה ground, land, earthאהב to loveאל God, godאם mother
אמה cubit, forearmאסף to gather, assembleארון ark, chestגד ב. clothes, garmentב.קר morningבקש to seekזכר to rememberז<רע seed, offspring,
descendantsחטא to miss a goal or mark, sinח.יל strength, wealth, armyסד ח. loyalty, faithfulness,
11
steadfast love
יהושע Joshuaיוסף Josephיסף to add, continueירש to inherit, take possession
of, dispossessישע to be delivered, be rescuedכבוד glory, splendor, honorכון to be established, stand
firmכלה to complete, be finished,
come to an endכתב to writeילה ל. nightמועד appointed time, meeting
placeמחנה camp, armyמלאך messenger, angelמנחה gift, offeringמעשה work, deed, actנחלה inheritance, property,
possessionנטה to spread out, stretch out,
extend
נ<ער boy, youth, servantנצל to be rescued, be deliveredעון transgression, iniquityעזב to leave, forsake, abandon
צדיק righteous, justק.רב inner parts; רב in the בק.
middle of, amongרבה to be numerous, be great,
increaseשכב to lie down, have sexual
intercourseשלום peace, welfare, wholenessשפט to judgeשתה to drinkתורה law, instruction, teaching
Words that occur 199–160 times(Disk 1, Track 8)
אברהם Abrahamאבד to perish; (Hi) exterminateא.זן earאחר other, another
12
א.יל ram
אך only, surelyאפר.ים Ephraimבהמה animals, beasts, cattleבחר to chooseבין to understand, perceive
בנימן Benjaminעל ב. owner, master, husband,
(title) Baalבקר cattle, herdגבור mighty, valiantגלה to uncover, reveal; take
into exileדור generationדרש to seek, inquireהרג to kill, slayז<בח sacrificeזקן old, elderחוה to bow down, worshipחוץ outside, streetחצר courtyard, village,
settlementטמא to be uncleanיכל to be able
ירדן Jordanלבד aloneלחם to fight, do battle withלמה why?מואב Moab
מלאכה work, occupation, serviceמצוה commandmentנוס to flee, escapeסבב to turn, go around,
surroundס.פר book, scroll, documentעדה congregation, assemblyפ.תח opening, entranceקדש to be holy, set apart,
consecrateרום to be high, be exaltedרע friend, companion,
neighborרעה to pasture, tend, graze
ראשון first, formerשפה lip, language, edgeשאל to ask, inquire
13
ש.בט rod, staff, tribe
שבע to swear, take an oathש.מן oil, fat
Words that occur 159–135 times(Disk 1, Track 9)
אז then, since, beforeארם Aramאשור Assyriaהלל to praise, sing hallelujahחיים life, lifetimeחכם wise, skillful
חכמה wisdom, skillחלל to be defiled; profane,
polluteחנה to camp, lay seige toיואב Joabין י< wineימין right hand, southיש there is, there are
כסא seat, throneכסה to cover, concealמ.ות death
מנשה Manasseh
על מ. above, upwardמשכן dwelling place, tabernacleגד נ< opposite, in front ofנגע to touch, reachנוח to restחל נ< stream, brook, wadi
נח.שת copper, bronzeנסע to set out, departסוס horse
עבדה work, labor, serviceפתח to open
צדקה righteousness, justiceציון Zionצפון north, northernקרא to meet, encounter, befall,
happenרב multitude, abundance
רדף to pursue, persecuteשמח to rejoiceשנא to hateש who, which, that
14
שבר to break
שחת to ruin, destroyשמואל Samuelשמנה eight; (mp) שמנים eightyשני second
Words that occur 134–120 times(Disk 1, Track 10)
אור lightאמת truth, fidelity
חנו אנ< (1cp) weאף also, indeed, even
בוש to be ashamedבכור firstbornעל ב. Baalגלעד Gileadזבח to slaughter, sacrifice
חומה wallחזקי<הו Hezekiah
חמה wrath, heat, poisonחצי half, middleחשב to think, regard; (Pi)
calculate, planחק statute, portion
יהונתן Jonathanירמי<הו Jeremiah
כח strength, powerלכד to take, capture, seize
מספר numberנגש to draw near, come near
נשיא chief, leader, princeצם ע. bone, skeletonע.רב evening, sunsetפן– lest, otherwiseפנה to turnפר bull, ox
דק צ. righteousness, equityקבץ to collect, gatherקבר to buryקהל assembly, community,
crowdר.כב chariotשאר to remain, be left overשלך to send, throw, castש.מש sun
15
שכן to settle, dwell
Words that occur 119–100 times(Disk 1, Track 11)
אבשלום Absalomאדום Edomאחות sisterבטח to trust, be confidentבכה to weepבלתי not, except; commonly
spelled לבלתיבמה high place, hillעד ב. behind, through, out ofגאל to redeemגדל to grow up, be greatהן behold, if
חקה statute, ordinanceידה to thank, praise, confessיטב to be well with, go well
with, be pleasingען י< because, on account of
יצחק Isaacירבעם Jeroboam
ישר upright, just, level, straightיתר to be left over, remain
כבד to be heavy, be honoredבש כ. lamb, sheepכנף wing, edgeכפר to cover, atoneלבש to put on a garment, clotheלשון tongue, languageמגרש open land, pasture
ממלכה kingdom, dominion, reignמעט little, few
מראה vision, sight, appearanceנבא to prophesyנהר river, streamנחם to be sorry, regret; (Pi)
comfortספר to count; (Pi) recount,
make knownעמוד pillar, columnעמון Ammonעפר dust, dry earthפ.עם foot, pace, timeפרי fruit, offspring
16
קדוש holy, set apart
קטר to make a sacrifice go upin smoke
רוץ to runרחב width, breadth, expanseרעב famine, hungerרק only, still, but, however
שרף to burn, destroyשבת Sabbath, period of restשכח to forgetשלם to be complete, be finished
שלישי thirdשמרון Samariaשפך to pour , spillש.קר lie, deception, falsehood
תועבה abomination, abhorrenceתמיד continually
Words that occur 99–90 times(Disk 1, Track 12)
אמן to be reliable, faithful ortrustworthy
רך א. lengthגר stranger, sojourner, alien
הפך to turn, overturn,overthrow
זרוע arm, forearm, strength,power
חיה animal, beastלב ח. fatחלל pierced, slain, defiled
חמור donkeyחרה to be hot, become angryטהר to be clean, be pureטהור clean, pureיחדו together, at the same timeתר י< rest, remainderכרוב cherubכ.רם vineyardמלט to escape, flee
מלכות kingdom, dominion, royalpower
סגר to shut, close; (Hi) handover, surrender
ע.בר beyond, other side, edgeעור skin, hide, leather
17
פ.שע transgression, rebellion
קצה end, border, outskirtsרעע to be bad, evilשבע to be satisfied
שמחה joy, gladnessשביעי seventhשמד to exterminate, annihilate,
destroyשמם to be deserted, be appalledשרת to minister, serveתמים blameless, perfect, honest
Words that occur 89–80 times(Disk 1, Track 13)
א.ון iniquity, wickedness,evildoer
טן ב. belly, stomach, wombברכה blessing, giftגבעה hillגור to sojourn, dwell as a
foreignerד.לת doorד.עת knowledge, understandingבל ה. vanity, futility, breath
היכל temple, palaceהמון multitude, crowd, tumultזכר male, manזעק to cry (out), call for helpזר foreign, strange
חרפה reproach, disgrace, shameח.שך darknessטמא uncleanי<לד child, boy, youthיעץ to advise, counselכסיל fool, shameless personלין to remain overnight, stay,
dwellלמד to learn; (Pi) teachמדוע why?מהר to hasten, hurryמכר to sell, hand overמשח to smear, anointמשל to rule, reignנבט to look, gaze, beholdסתר to be hidden, hide oneselfעוף flying creatures, birds,
18
insects
עור to be awake, stir upעזר to help, assistמק ע. valley, plainעני poor, humble, afflictedענן cloudsעצה counsel, plan, adviceפאה corner, side, edgeפה here, there, at this place
פלא to be extraordinary, be toodifficult
פלל to prayצור rock, boulderצר adversary, enemy
צרה distress, anxiety, troubleקיר wallקלל to be small, be
insignificantקנה to get, acquire, buy
קרבן gift, offeringרחוק distant, remote, far awayרחץ to washריב to contend, dispute,
conduct a legal case
שבת to stop, cease, restשופר trumpet, ram’s hornשחט to slaughterשיר to singשית to set, put, place
שלחן tableש.לם peace offeringקל ש. measurement of weight,
shekelתקע to thrust (weapon), pitch
(tent), blow (trumpet), clap(one’s hands)
Words that occur 79–70 times(Disk 1, Track 14)
אוצר treasure, treasury,storehouse
אות signאסר to bind, imprisonא.רז cedarבל no, never
ברזל ironגורל lot, portion, allotment
19
חלה to be weak or tired, be sick
חנן to be gracious to, favorחפץ to delight in, take pleasure
inישועה salvation, help,
deliveranceמאס to refuse, rejectמזרח east, sunriseמקדש sanctuaryמקנה cattle, livestock, property
משמ.רת watch, guard,responsibility
גע נ< mark, plague, afflictionנערה young girl, maidservantנצב to stand, take one’s stand,
station oneselfלה ס. Selah (technical poetic
notation)עז strength, power, mightעז goat, goat’s hair
ענה to be afflicted, be humbledערך to lay out, set in rowsקטן small, young
קרוב near, close
ק.רן hornק.שת bow, weaponרכב to mount and ride, rideשור ox, bull, cowשיר songשלל plunder, spoil, lootתפלה prayerתרומה offering, contributionת.שע nine; (mp) תשעים ninety
Words that occur 69–61 times(Disk 1, Track 15)
אביון poor, needyאולם porch; also spelled אילםאחז to seize, grasp, take hold
ofאחזה property, possession
אחרית end, extremity, lastאיך how?א.צל beside, nearארר to curseאשה offering by fire
20
את (2fs) you
בור pit, cistern, wellברח to run away, flee
גבורה power, strengthג<בר strong man, young manגיא valleyדוד beloved, uncleדרך to tread, march, bend the
bowחג feast, festival
חלום dreamלק ח. portion, shareחן favor, grace
יאר stream, river, Nileיצר to form, fashion, shape,
createירא fearful, afraid of, fearככר something round, talent
(weight), valleyכשל to stumble, totter, staggerכתף side, shoulderמלא full, filledנצח to supervise, oversee; (Pi
Ptc) מנצח conductor
נצר to keep watch, guardעד witness
עדות witness, testimony; (fp)laws עדות
פוץ to be spread, be scatteredפרש to spread outצלח to succeed, prosper, be
successfulק.בר grave, burial siteקדים east, easternק.דם east, ancient timesקנה reedקץ end, border, limit
קרע to tear, rend, cut upריב dispute, quarrel, lawsuitרפא to heal
שאול Sheol, underworldשארית remnant, remainderשכם to get up early, rise early
שפחה female slave, maidservantשקה to give drink toתמם to be complete or finished,
21
come to an end
תפש to take hold of, seize,capture
Words that occur 60–55 times(Disk 1, Track 16)
א.דן base, pedestalאלוה God, godאלוף tribal chief, leader
אלמנה widowאמה female servant, handmaid,
maidservantא.רח road, path, wayבלי without, nothingבער to burn, consumeפן ג. vine, grapevineדבק to cling, cleave to, stick toה.נה here, thereזנה to commit fornication, be a
harlot, be unfaithfulזרע to sow, scatter seedחדל to cease, end, stopחזה to see, behold, perceiveחזק strong, mighty, hard
חלק to divide, share, distributeחמס violence, wrongחץ arrow
חתת to be shattered, bedismayed
ט.רם before, not yetיבש to dry upיכח to reprove, rebuke,
reproachי<ער forest, woods, thicketכעס to be angry, be vexedמגן shieldמדה measure, measurement
מזמור psalm, songמחשבה thought, plan, scheme
נ<דר vow; also spelled דר נ<נחל to take possession, obtain
propertyנטע to plantנ<סך drink offering; also spelled
נ<סךס.לע rock, stone, cliff
22
ערבה desert plain, Arabah
פדה to ransom, redeem, buyout
פעל to do, make, performפרש horseman, horseצעק to shout, cry out, call for
helpקט.רת incense, smokeרביעי fourthרחק to be far or distantריח smell, odor, scentרצון pleasure, acceptance, favorשכל to understand, make wise,
have successשדד to devastate, ruin
שממה desolation, waste, ruinשן tooth, ivory
תהלה praise, song of praise
Words that occur 54–50 times(Disk 2, Track 2)
אבה to be willing, consentאחרון last, behindאיה where?
בקע to cleave, split, break openבתולה virgin
גמל camelדבש honeyהוי woe! oh!
חדש new, freshחרם to dedicate for destruction,
exterminateטב.עת ringיומם by day, daily, in the
daytimeיצק to pour, pour out
יריעה tent curtainכבס to clean, cleanseמדד to measure
מדינה province, districtמוסר discipline, correction,
instructionמחר tomorrowמצה unleavened breadמרום height, elevation, prideנדח to be scattered, be
23
banished
נכר to recognize, know,investigate
נשג to reach, overtakeס.לת flourספר scribe, secretaryעליון upper; (title) Most Highעמל trouble, labor, toilערוה nakednessצל shadow, shade, protection
ק.רש board, plankראשית beginning, first
רנן to call or cry aloud, shoutwith joy
שמאל left, left side, northשעיר male goatשוא worthlessness, vanity,
emptinessתעה to err, wander off, stagger
Words that occur 49–47 times(Disk 2, Track 3)
אמונה faithfulness, reliabilityא.מר word, saying, speech
אפד ephod, priestly garmentאריה lionבגד to act treacherously or
deceitfullyבעבור on account of, in order thatברא to createגאון majesty, prideגיל to shout with joy, rejoice
גלולים idolsדל poor, weak, needy
בל ח. rope, cord, field, regionחיל to writhe, travail, be in
laborחנית spearחרש to be silent, be deafיצב to take one’s stand, stand
firm, resistירה to instruct, teach
לשכה room, chamber, hallמכה wound, injury
מעלה ascent, step, stairsמשקל weight
24
מתנ<ים hips, waist, loins
נבלה carcass, corpseנגף to smite, strike, injureסלח to pardon, forgiveסמך to support, sustainעד forever, eternal
חד פ. trembling, terror, dreadפ.סח Passoverפרר to break, destroy, put an
end toצפה to overlay, plateצרר to wrap, bind; be restrictedקוה to wait, hope
קציר harvestרחם to show love, have
compassion, take pityרצה to be pleased, acceptרצח to kill, murder, slayשה sheep, lambשק sack, sackcloth
שבה to take captive, deportשבי captivity, captivesשדי (title) Almighty, Shaddai
תכ.לת blue or purple material.רת תפא beauty, glory, splendor
Words that occur 46–44 times(Disk 2, Track 4)
אולי perhaps, maybeאור to give light, shine,
illuminateאשם guilt, guilt offeringאשרי blessed, happyבחור young manבלל to mix, confuse
(languages)גרש to drive out, banishד.בר plague, pestilenceזמר to sing, praise, make musicחגר to gird, put on, get readyחלב milkחלץ to draw out, take off,
withdraw; (Pi) rescue,deliver
חמישי fifthטוב to be good, be pleasing
25
חד י< together, along with
יראה fearמגדל towerמושב dwelling, settlementמרה to be rebellious, obstinate
מרכבה chariotמשא load, burden
משכב bed, couchמשתה feast, banquetנגיד leader, rulerנכרי foreign, strange
נעורים youthנקה to be free, be without guiltנר lamp, light
סריס official, eunuchעמד withעצר to hold back, restrain,
imprisonפגע to meet, encounter, attackפרץ to break through, burst
open, spread outקומה heightקשב to pay attention, listen
carefully
קשר to bind, conspireרוע to shoutרפה to sink, drop, relax;
abandon, forsakeש.בר break, fracture, collapse
Words that occur 43–41 times(Disk 2, Track 5)
אזן to give ear, listen, hearאחור back, behindאמץ to be strong, be boldאנה where?
אנוש man, humankindא.פס end, nothingארב to lie in wait, ambushבדל to separate oneself,
withdrawבזה to despise, regard with
contemptבזז to plunder, spoilב.טח security, safetyבלע to swallow, engulf
26
בריח bar
ב.שת shame, disgraceגבה high, exaltedגולה captivity, exiles
גן gardenהרה to conceive, become
pregnantהרס to tear down, demolish,
destroyזוב to flow, suffer a dischargeחמל to have compassion, pity
חרבה desolation, ruinחרון anger, fury, burningטף childrenיחל to wait, hope forיסד to found, establish,
appointיסר teach, discipline, rebukeיפה beautiful
יתום orphanכבד heavy, severeכנור lyre, harpלוח tablet, board, plankמאן to refuse
מחל.קת division, portionמנורה lampstandמעלל deed, actמערה caveמתי when?נוע to tremble, shake, totter
ניחח soothing, pleasing scentצח נ< forever, everlastingנקי blameless, innocentנתץ to tear down, pull down,
demolishפשט to take off, rush out, make
a raidפשע to revolt, rebel, transgressצדק to be righteous; (Hi)
declare righteous, justifyצואר neckקנאה jealousy, zealרגז to shake, quake, tremble
רחוב public square, streetשני scarlet, crimson
שקט to be quiet, be peaceful, be
27
at rest
תבואה produce, harvestתבונה understanding, skill
Words that occur 40–37 times(Disk 2, Track 6)
איפה a dry measurement, ephahא.כל food
ארגמן purpleאשרה Asherah, cultic poleבאר well, pitבד carrying pole, gate bar
בהל to be terrified, be horrifiedבינה understanding, insightגמל to complete, finish, weanגנב to steal, deceiveרן ג< threshing floorדגן grain, cornדי sufficiency, enough
ז<ית olive tree, oliveזרה to scatter, disperseח.דר room, chamberחיק bosom, lapחסה to seek or take refuge
ח.פץ delight, desire, pleasureחרד to tremble, shudder, quakeחרף to taunt, reproachכוכב starכול to comprehendכה כ. thus, soכלם to be hurt, be humiliated,
be ashamedלקט to gather, glean
מבצר fortress, strongholdמוט to totter, shake, waver,
staggerמטר rainמלא that which fills, abundanceמלה word, speechמעוז refuge, strongholdמר bitter; (n) bitterness
מרמה deceit, deceptionמשיח anointed; (n) anointed one,
Messiahמשל proverb, wisdom sayingנחה to lead
28
נטש to leave, forsake, abandon
ע.דר flock, herdעוד to warn, admonish, testifyעל yoke
עשק to oppress, exploitשר ע. wealth, riches
פיל.גש concubineצלע rib, sideצפה to keep watch, spyצפור birdקהל to assemble
רחמים compassion, mercyשחק to laugh, playשוער gatekeeperשמה desolation, horrorשש linen
תאנה fig tree, figתולדות generations, descendantsתול.עת wormתירוש new wine
Words that occur 36–34 times(Disk 2, Track 7)
אבל to mourn, lament
אופן wheelאי coastland, island
אלה oath, curseאמרה word, sayingארי lionארך to make long, lengthen,
extendאשם to be guilty, do wrongאתון female donkeyגבה to be high, be tall, be
exaltedג<שם rain, showersהמה to make noise, roarזונה prostitute, harlotזרק to toss, scatter, sprinkleחבא to hide, be hiddenחזון vision, revelationחטא sinחסיד godly, faithful, piousחרב to dry up, lie in ruinsחרש craftsman
29
טמאה uncleanness, impurity
יקר precious, valuableירך thigh, loinשע י< salvation, deliverance,
helpכלה daughter-in-law, brideכנע to be subdued, be
humbledכרע to bow, kneelמול in front of, opposite
מופת wonder, sign, miracleמחה to wipe out, destroy,
annihilateמלכה queenמעל to be unfaithful, act
unfaithfullyמשך to draw, pull, dragמשנה double, secondנוף to move back and forth,
waveנכר foreigner, strangerנסה to test, try, temptנקם to avenge, take vengeanceס.תר hiding place, secret place
עברה wrath, anger, furyע.גל calf, young bullעולה iniquity, injusticeעני poverty, affliction, miseryערל uncircumcisedעל פ. work, deedפרח to bud, sprout, bloomצפן to hide, store up, treasure
צר.עת leprosy, skin diseaseצרף to smelt, testקנא to envy, be enviousקצה end, edge, tipקצף to be angry or furiousקצר to gather in, reap, harvestקשה difficult, hard, severeרשע to condemn, declare guilty
שערה barleyתבל world
תהום primeval ocean, deep,depth
תרועה shout, alarm, signalתשועה salvation, deliverance,
30
victory
Words that occur 33–31 times(Disk 2, Track 8)
אהבה loveאי where?
אניה ship, boatאצבע finger, toeארמון palace, stronghold
גג roofגדוד band of raiders, military
troopsחבש to bind, saddleחלון windowחנם without cause, without
compensationטבח guard, cookטוב goodnessטל dew, light rainטמן to hideיהב to giveיונה doveילל to howl, lament, wail
ימנית right (hand), southernינק to suck, nurse
כוס cupכזב lie, deceptionכחד to be hidden, concealלב כ. dog
כליות kidneys (place of thoughtor emotion)
כפיר young lionלאם people, nationלבוש clothing, garmentלעמת beside, alongside,
corresponding toמאומה something, anything
מול to circumciseמזרק bowlמחרת the next day
מין kind, type, speciesמעה stomach, womb, entrails
מעשר tithe, tenthמצבה sacred stone, pillarנאף to commit adulteryנדר to vow, promise
31
נוה pasture, dwelling
נחש serpent, snakeנשק to kissסכה booth, tabernacleעב cloud, clouds
עצום mighty, numerousע.רך value, assessmentרף ע. neckשב ע. green plant, grass
עשרון tenth partפנימי innerסל פ. idol, carved image
פקדה appointment, service,watch, punishment
צד sideצור to tie up, bind, seigeצמח to sprout, spring up, grow
קללה curseרמון pomegranateרנה shout of joy, shout of
lamentשמלה garment, clothingשטף to flood, overflow, wash
away
שמיני eighthש.רש rootתודה thanksgiving, song of
thanksgivingתקוה hope, expectation
Words that occur 30–29 times(Disk 2, Track 9)
אוה to wish, desire, wantאמן amen, surelyבחן to test, try, examineבכי weepingברד hailב.שם spice, perfumeגזל to tear off, seize, robדמה to be like, resembleהדר majesty, glory, splendorהנה (3fp) they; (fp) theseזמה evil plan, shameful
behaviorחטה wheatחלם to dream
32
חצצרה trumpet
.רם ח set apart for destruction,something banned
יעד to designate, appointירכה side, hip, far endכלמה insult, disgrace,
humiliationנת כת. tunic, garment, robeלבן white
מאכל foodמטה couch, bedמנע to withhold, hold back,
retainעל מ. unfaithfulnessגב נ< south, Negevנדה menstrual flow, impurityנהג to lead, guideסיר basin, pot, tubספד to lament, wail
עשירי tenthעתוד male goat, leaderפנה corner, cornerstoneפרה to bear fruit, be fruitfulקריה city, town
רב chief, captain, rulerרבץ to lie down, rest, stretch
outרעש to quake, shakeר.שע evil, wickedness, offenseשריד survivor
שבועה oathשבות fortune, captivity, exileשפל to be low, be humbleתלה to hang
תנופה wave offering
Words that occur 28–27 times(Disk 2, Track 10)
אדיר noble, majestic, mightyעל בלי< useless, good-for-nothingבער to graze, sweep away,
removeבשל to boilחבר to unite, ally oneself, be
joinedחכם to be wise, act wisely
33
חקר to explore, search, spy out
חרש to plow, engraveחשך to withhold, keep back,
refrainחתם to seal, affix a sealיובל ram’s horn, trumpet, year
of jubileeיצת to kindle, burnירה to throw, shoot, castירח moonישר to be straight, be upright,
be rightכפ.רת mercy seat, cover, lidליץ to boast
מוצא act of going forth, exit,source
מוקש snare, trapמנה to count, number, reckon
מסלה highway, main roadמעיל robe, cloakבל נ. stringed instrument, harpנדד to flee, wander, depart
נקמה vengeance, revengeנתק to pull off, tear away
סוף reed, reedsעוף to flyעלם to be concealed, be hiddenפחה governorפלט to escape, rescue
פליטה survivor, escape,deliverance
פתה to be simple, beinexperienced
צר narrow; (n) anxiety,distress
קטן small, youngצף ק. wrath, angerקשה to be heavy, hard, difficultרכוש goods, property,
equipmentשוש to rejoiceשכר wages, payment, rewardשער hair, hairinessשטה acaciaשלם whole, complete, safe
34
שמועה message, report, news
שקוץ abomination, detestablething
ששי sixthתבה ark, basket, box
Words that occur 26–25 times(Disk 2, Track 11)
אויל fool, idiotאו<לת folly, foolishnessאפה to bakeבז plunder, spoil
בצור fortified, inaccessible.רך ב kneeגבר to be strong, be mighty, be
superiorדמות likeness, form, imageהגה to utter a sound, growlהון wealth, possessionsזקן to be old, grow old
חיצון outer, externalחלף to pass on or away, vanishשן ח. breastplateטור row, course
טרף to tear, ripיגע to toil, grow or be weary
מבוא entrance, setting (of thesun), west
מגפה plague, slaughterמכונה stand, base, supportמסך cover, curtain
מסכה molten image, idolמרד to rebel, revoltנדבה freewill offeringנדיב noble, willing, generousנוד to sway, wanderנ<זר consecration, dedicationנכח in front of, oppositeנסך to pour out, cast a metal
imageנ<שר eagle, vultureסף threshold, doorframe
עגלה cart, wagonעור blind
עזרה help, assistance, supportענו afflicted, oppressed,
35
humble
עשן smokeפח trap, snare
פחד to tremble, be in dreadפרד to divide, separateפרה cow
פר.כת curtainפתאם suddenly, unexpectedlyצום fast, period of fastingצרר to be hostile, attackקדם to be in front, go before
דמה ק. eastward, toward the eastרגל to spy, scoutרחב to open wideחם ר. wombשטן adversary, accuser, Satanשאר remnant, remainderשד violence, destruction
שוטר officer, officialשלף to draw out, pull out
שלשום day before yesterdayתאוה desire, longing
תוצאות end, limit, outermost area
תחנה plea, petition
Words that occur 24–23 times(Disk 2, Track 12)
בל א. mourning, funeralceremony
אוי woe! alas!איד disaster, calamity
ארבה locustבד linen cloth
ב.צע unjust gainבשר to bring good news, tell,
announceגוע to die, perishגלח to shaveדין to judge, administer
judgmentדמעה tearsהוד splendor, majestyכר ז< memory, remembrance
זכרון memorial, remembranceחוס to pity, look upon with
compassion, spare
36
חלי illness, sickness
חלקה piece (of land), portionחמם to be warm, grow warmחפר to dig, search forחפש to search, examineיעל to profit, gain, benefit
יצהר olive oilיתד tent peg, stake, pinכבה to go out, be quenched, be
extinguishedכהן to perform the duties of a
priestכיור wash basin, cooking potכן honest, correct, right
כת.רת top of a pillarלו if only
מישור plain, level groundמלוכה kingship, royaltyלח מ. saltמס forced labor
מעין spring, fountainמקרא summons, assemblyמרי rebellion
נאץ to spurn, despiseנגש to oppress, force to workנזה to sprinkle
נשמה breathסוג to backslide, be disloyalעז strong, mighty
עטרה crown, wreathעלילה deed, actionעשיר rich, wealthyפסיל idol, cultic statue
פקודים precepts, instructionsצהר.ים noon, middayצעיר little, small, youngרבב to be many, be numerousרוש to be poorש.חד bribe, giftש.חר dawn, daybreakש.חת pit, graveשכל to become childlessשכר intoxicating drink, beerשנה sleep
37
שקל to weigh
חת תוכ. rebuke, correctionתור to spy out, explore
תחלה beginningתימן southתם integrity, innocence,
perfectionתמול yesterday, previously
Words that occur 22 times(Disk 2, Track 13)
א.יל pillar, doorpostפר א. ashes, dustגדע to cut off, cut downדת law, decreeהין liquid measurement, hinזהר to warn, admonish,
cautionעם ז< anger, indignationחול sandחסר to decrease, lack, be
lackingט.רף prey, foodכחש to deny, deceive, lie
כלה complete destructionמול.דת relatives, offspringמחתה fire pan, censerמעט to be few, be too small
מעלה ascent, stairs, riseמשמר prison, guard, watchמתים men, fewעל נ< sandal, shoe
נקבה female, womanסקל to stoneגר פ. corpse, carcassפשה to spread the symptoms of
diseaseקיץ to awake, wake upקסם to practice divinationקרה to encounter, meet, befallר.גע moment, instantרדה to rule, governר.שת net, trapששון joy, exultationשכם shoulder
38
שען to lean, depend on
שקף to look down onתזנות prostitution, fornicationתעב to abhor, loathe, make an
abomination
Words that occur 21 times(Disk 2, Track 14)
אליל worthlessness, idolאתה to comeברק lightningגרע to shave, diminish
חלילה far be it, never!חמד to desire, take pleasure in,
covetחתן father-in-lawכ.עס anger, vexation
לבונה frankincenseלחי jaw, cheek
מגלה scrollמום defect, blemishמוש to withdraw, leave
מנוחה rest, resting placeמסס to melt, dissolve
משחה anointingנס flag, banner
נתיבה path, wayנתך to gush forth, pour outנתש to uproot, drive outסוד secret council, confidential
conversationסחר to pass throughס.רן ruler, lordע.ול iniquity, injustice, wrongפקח to open (the eyes)
פרסה hoofצום to fast
צעקה outcry, yellingשמח joyful, glad, happyשאג to roarשבר to buy grainשגה to stray, go astrayשד breastשוע to cry for helpשזר to twist
39
ש.חק layer of dust, cloud of dust
תמך to grasp, support
Words that occur 20 times(Disk 2, Track 15)
ברוש pine tree, juniperח.רש earthenware, potsherdחתן bridegroom, son-in-lawיחש to be enrolled in a
genealogical listיסוד foundation wall, base
מהרה quickly, at onceמחסה refuge, shelterמצור distress, siegeמקלט refuge, asylumמשא oracle, pronouncementנבל to fade, wither, decay
עליה upper roomעריץ ruthless, fierceעתר to pray, plead, entreatצנה large shieldצרע to be afflicted with skin
diseaseק.יץ summer, summer fruit
רחב wide, spaciousרעב hungryשגב to be high, be exaltedשיח to consider, meditate,
lamentשכר to hire
40
שבוע weekש.לג snow
שפלה foothills, Shephelahתבנית pattern, formת.הו emptiness, formlessness
תמרה palm tree ornament