Norbarag in cereals2017
Thies M Heick & Lise Nistrup Jørgensen
Aarhus University - Flakkebjerg
Problems with resistanceFungicide groups available – effect profile (*) and resistance risk
2
Cro
p
Diseases Strobi-
lurins
Triazoles SDHI Mildew
-icides
Folpan
Chloro-
thalonil
Wh
eat
Septoria tritici blotch **(*) **** **
Stripe rust **** **** ** *
Brown rust **** **** ** *
Tan spot ** **(*) * *
Powdery mildew *** * *** *
Bar
ley
Brown rust **** **** ** *
Net blotch *** **(*) **** *
Rhynchosporium **** **** **** *
Ramularia **(*) **** **(*)
Powdery mildew ** *** * **** *
High risk Moderate risk Low risk
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Fungicides available for control of wheat diseases - Denmark
mildew Rust Septoria DTR Fusarium Eyespot
MetrafenonProquinazidspiroxamin
Prothio-conazoleEpoxiconazoletebuconazolepropiconazole
Prothioconazole
DifenoconazolePropiconazoleEpoxiconazoleTebuconazoleMetconazole
Prothio-conazolePropicona-zole
Prothio-conazoleMetconazoletebuconazole
Prothiocona-zole
Prothioconazole
PyraclostrobinPicoxystrobinAzoxystrobin
Fluopyramboscalid
(Pyraclo-strobin)
Metrafenonboscalid
Folpet cyprodinil
Experiences from Irland 2017!• Oak Park Teagasc • Euro-res meeting
Ireland – Reduced efficacy of SDHIs
2 x 0.8 Elatus Era 2 x 0.8 Elatus Era + 1. 0 Bravo
SDHIs do not provide good control any longer – Z. tritici has 75% C-T79N mutations - causingreduction in field performances. Combined with azoles and chlorothalonil in a 3 spray strategythey still optain good control.
Ireland - Euro-res3 treatments
1.2 Ascra Xpro + 1.0 Bravo/1.6 Librax + 1.0 Bravo/1.0 Prosaro
Proline 2 x 0.8
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SDHI mutations in Zymoseptoria tritici
In 2017 bulked samples from Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia and Lithuania were tested for SDHI mutations:B-N225I/T, B-H267X, B-T268I, B-I269VC-N86S, C-N86K, C-T79N, C-T79I, C-W80S, C-G90R, C-H152R
0%
Done by pyrosequencing.Samples analysed by BASF.
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EC50 Boscalid Folpet 2017
YearBoscalid Boscalid RF Folpet Folpet RF
EC50 Range EC50 Range
2017 0.47 0.12-2.97 1 0.29 0.06-0.81 2
2016 0.49 0.01-1.84 1 0.27 0.25-0.45 1
2015 0.21 0.01-0.73 1 0.12 0.01-0.27 1
2014 0.81 0.12-2.53 2 0.35 0.08-0.91 2
2017: average of 24 Danish and 34 Swedish isolates – boscalid and folpet remain stable!Boscalid: 12 outliers (not included here) that need retesting.
Azoles’ control of septoria on flag leafusing 2 x ½ rate –Danish trials
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
% c
on
tro
l
Control of septoria on flag leaf
epoxi.
prothio
met
tebu
propi
difeno + propi
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.25 Bumper
0,4 Proline
0.5 Juventus
0,5 Rubric
0.5 Folicur
0.25 Proline xpert+ 0.25 Juventus
0.5 Prosaro
0.4 Proline/0.4 Armure
0.75 Code 1
Control of septoria - 17329
2nd leaf flag
%Control of septoria 2 trials 17329
Flag leaf : 87% GS 772nd leaf : 48% GS 73
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DK EC50 assessments to azolesZymoseptoria tritici
Year Epoxiconazole RF Prothioconazole RF Prothio-desthio RF
2005 0.12 (47) 2 - - - -
2006 0.57 (180) 10 - - - -
2007 0.77 (140) 13 - - - -
2008 0.17 (88) 3 - - - -
2009 0.70 (96) 12 0.70 (96) 7 - -
2010 1.40 (54) 23 4.40 (54) 29 - -
2011 1.33 (85) 22 11.20 (85) 74 - -
2012 0.30 (40) 15 10.90 (40) 72 - -
2013 0.36 (133) 18 11.70 (98) 78 - -
2014 0.50 (290) 25* 9.90 (290) 66* - -
2015 0.45 (262) 17 11.27 (192) 75 - -
2016 1.39 (220) 66 22.12 (124) 124 0.13 (26) 17
2017 1.81 (272) 94 Discontinued - 0.32 (263) 32
Ref. IPO323 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.15 - 0.30 - 0.01 -
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Sweden - EC50 assessments to azolesZymoseptoria tritici
Year Epoxiconazole RF Prothioconazole RF Prothio-desthio RF
2005 - - - - - -
2006 - - - - - -
2007 - - - - - -
2008 - - 1.5 (55) 11 - -
2009 - - 3.6 (101) 24 - -
2010 0.63 (131) 13 6.6 (131) 44 - -
2011 1.00 (166) 16 7.8 (166) 52 - -
2012 0.36 (211) 18 13.3 (211) 89 - -
2013 0.65 (170) 33 19.0 (170) 63* - -
2014 0.27 (337) 35* 7.76 (337) 89* - -
2015 0.33 (227) 12 10.68 (225) 71 - -
2016 0.52 (212) 24 12.31 (173) 82 - -
2017 3.17 (163) 170 Discontinued - 0.58 (150) 71
Ref. IPO323 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.15 - 0.30 - 0.01 -
Sensitivity test of azoles (Epoxi)results from 2017 isolates
Denmark – 125 isolates from 21 localities
Sweden – 170 isolater from 18 localities
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Year
Tebuconazole Tebuconazole RF Difenoconazole Difenoconazole RF
EC50 Range EC50 Range
2017 3.17 0.10-35.00 792 0.26 0.001-4.51 21
2014 2.95 0.004-17.37 737
EC50 Tebu Difeno 2017
2017: average of 24 Danish and 34 Swedish isolates – tebu and difeno remain stable!
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Frekvens af CYP51 mutationer i septoria populationen. Assessed
using pyrosequencing or PCR by BASF samples from 2016
CYP51 (%) QoI (%) SDHI (%)
D134G V136A V136C Y137F G379A I381V S524T G143A T79N N86K G90R H152R
Danmark syd jylland 60% 68% 5% 0% 89% 100% 9% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0%Danmark nord jylland 45% 53% 6% 0% 75% 96% 12% 97% 0% 0% 0% 0%Danmark øerne 36% 51% 7% 0% 72% 90% 7% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0%Sverige (Syd) 49% 64% 5% 0% 89% 91% 12% 96% 0% 0% 0% 0%Sverige (Mellom) 3% 11% 6% 0% 77% 96% 3% 85% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Norge 55% 49% 5% 0% 90% 97% 13% 99% 0% 0% 0% 0%Litauen 2% 9% 21% 0% 66% 100% 18% 79% 0% 0% 0% 0%Letland 1% 8% 10% 0% 89% 96% 2% 31% 0% 0% 0% 0%Estland 0% 15% 3% 0% 79% 99% 5% 43% 0% 0% 0% 0%Slesvig-Holsten 51% 61% 7% 0% 89% 100% 19% 89% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Development of new mutations in septoria populations in Denmark
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2009 2013 2015 2016 2017
D134G V136A V136C S524T
Year D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T
Denmark
2009 0% 8% 6% 42% 83% 0%
2013 18% 8% 3% 46% 88% 2%
2014 15% 22% 3% 35% 87% 3%
2015 21% 33% 4% 22% 93% 5%
2016 47% 57% 6% 18% 95% 9%
2017 61% 72% 3% 15% 98% 14%
Updated mutations in Norbarag 2017Year D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T
Denmark
2009 0% 8% 6% 42% 83% 0%
2013 18% 8% 2% 46% 88% 2%
2015 21% 33% 15% 22% 93% 5%
2016 47% 57% 6% 18% 95% 9%
2017 61% 72% 3% 15% 98% 14%
Sweden 2009 0% 19% 6% 42% 83% 0%
Sweden (South)
2013 19% 24% 0% 6% 5% 15%
2015 49% 58% 0% 19% 84% 11%
2016 49% 64% 5% 22% 91% 12%
2017 54% 67% 0% 20% 96% 9%
Sweden (Middel)
2013 2% 8% 0% 9% 90% 0%
2015 0% 15% 0% 15% 90% 3%
2016 3% 11% 6% 0% 96% 3%
2017 0% 8% 0% 28% 98% 0%
Norway 2016 55% 49% 5% 0% 97% 13%
2017 73% 91% 0% 9% 100% 14%
Finland 2017 0% 9% 0% 14% 97% < 1%
Lithuania 2016 2% 9% 21% 32% 100% 18%
2017 15% 20% 0% 22% 100% 5%
Latvia 2016 1% 8% 10% 10% 96% 2%
2017 67% 82% 0% 11% 100% < 1%
Estonia 2016 0% 15% 3% 10% 99% 5%
Data from pyrosequencing – provided by BASF
New CYP 51 mutations
Southern Sweden Middel Sweden
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
D134G V136A V136C S524T
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
D134G V136A V136C S524T
Development of new mutations in septoria populations in Denmark
Lokalitet D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T
Djursland Landboforening 100% 100% 0% 0% 80% 0%
Djursland Landboforening 57% 57% 0% 29% 100% 14%
Djursland Landboforening 55% 66% 0% 11% 100% 22%
Horsens 81% 81% 0% 45% 100% 45%
Kolding 66% 100% 0% 0% 100% 17%
Flakkebjerg - Hereford 25% 42% 21% 25% 93% 9%
Flakkebjerg - Cleveland 47% 65% 0% 27% 93% 15%
Flakkebjerg - Benchmark 69% 79% 0% 0% 98% 2%
Rønde 48% 80% 0% 20% 100% 52%
Sønderjylland 65% 79% 11% 0% 86% 25%
Lolland 61% 70% 0% 21% 96% 5%
Askov 53% 69% 0% 10% 93% 15%
Average 60% 74% 3% 16% 95% 18%
EuroWheat data from 2016 -2017CYP51-mutationes in Zymoseptoria tritici
S524T (2016) S524T (2017)
Kilde : Jørgensen et al 2017, Eurowheat
EuroWheat data from 2016 -2017CYP51-mutationes in Zymoseptoria tritici
V136A (2015) V136A (2017)
Kilde : Jørgensen et al 2017, Eurowheat
Mutations across Europe 2015/2016
Jørgensen et al 2017
Cross-resistance between azolesLink between EC50 values in different countries – eurowheat – 2015-16
R² = 0,001
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
LOG
EC
50
pro
thio
con
azo
le
LOG EC50 tebuconazole
tebuconazole versus prothioconazole
R² = 0,9377
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
-1,4 -1,2 -1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2
LOG
EC
50
pro
thic
on
azo
le
LOG EC50 epoxiconazole
epoxiconazole versus prothioconazole
Jørgensen et al 2017
17329-1 Cleveland 1. july
2 x 0.4 Proline 2 x 0.75 Code 1 (Revysol)
untreated
Partners in EuroWheat-project –Previous Endure - Partners
11 trials 2017
%Control of STB on 2nd leaf -7 trials 2017
Clear benefit
Yield increase (dt/ha) in 5 trials (1,4,5,10,11)
dominated by septoria
Clear benefit
CYP51 mutation in eurowheat 2017
2017 Frequency of mutations (%)
Trial Country Location D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T
1 Denmark Flakkebjerg 25 43 22 25 93 9
2 Scotland Cauldsheil 29 77 19 18 100 68
3 UK Cambridge 47 58 19 16 100 44
4 UK Weobley, Herefordshire 34 59 29 20 100 33
5 Poland Sosnicowice 19 33 23 0 93 8
6 Poland Winna Gora 39 32 35 41 98 5
7 France Bergerac 0 32 0 34 62 11
8 France Foreste 62 68 34 0 96 6
9 Germany Sickte NA NA NA NA NA NA
10 Germany Fraunberg 61 66 29 15 97 15
11 Ireland Knockbeg 40 92 0 15 97 81
Average 35.6 56.0 21.0 18.4 93.6 28.0
Data by BASF
Anti – resistant strategies 17328
51 % attack on flag leaves in untreated. GS 73-77Treated at GS 37 and 51-55
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 X 0.4 Proline
0,75 Viverda/ 0.5 Propulse
0.375 Bell + 0,25 Prosaro/0,5 Proline Xpert
0.5 Propulse/0,5 Proline Xpert
0,75 Viverda/ 0.5 Proline Xpert
0,75 Viverda/ 0.4 Armure
1.0 GF 3307/0.5 Proline Xpert
0,5 Elatus/0,5 Proline Xpert
% control of septoria - 2 trials 17328
Anti – resistant strategies 17328
11,35
18,35
19,4
21,25
21,65
22,8
23,05
27,15
6,15
11,25
14
15,35
14,35
16,7
16,15
19,85
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
2 X 0.4 PROLINE
0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.5 PROLINE XPERT
0.5 PROPULSE/0,5 PROLINE XPERT
0.375 BELL + 0,25 PROSARO/0,5 PROLINE XPERT
0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.5 PROPULSE
0,5 ELATUS ERA/0,5 PROLINE XPERT
0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.4 ARMURE
1.0 GF 3307/0.5 PROLINE XPERT
yield increase from different 2 spray solutions wheat 2017- 2 trials
netto udb
LSD = 7,0
Changes in CYP51 – mutationes with different controlstrategies – average of 9 field trials (DK, SW, Li)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
% C
YP
51
mu
tati
on
s
S524T
V136C
V136A
D134G
Kilde : European Journal of Plant Pathology, Thies Wieczorek et al 2014,
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QoI G143A frequency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
DK SWE NO FIN LA LT EST
2014 2015 2016 2017
Not all countries sampled in all years – still under development in the Baltics
= LT/LA?
Madrid Barcelona
Lissabon
London
Liverpool
Birmingham
Glasgow
Reykjavik
Dublin
MNE
RUS
BY
LT
EST
LV
UA
MD
RO
BG
TR
GR
MK
SRB
AL
BIH
HR
SLO
H
A
CZ
PL
SK
FIN
S
N
DK
IS
FO
NL
B
E
P
Paris
Bordeaux
Marseille
Berlin
Hamburg
Köln
Frankfurt
München
Izmir
Athen
Wien
Prag
Minsk
Sofia
St. Petersburg
Budapest
Kiew
Bukarest
Warschau
Brüssel
D
F
Rom
Mailand
Bern
Luxemburg
I
GB
L
IRL
CH
Amsterdam
Kopenhagen
Stockholm
Oslo
Helsinki
Tallin
Riga
Vilnius
Chișinău
Belgrad
Sarajevo
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Podgorica
Skopje
Tirana
SEPTTR QoI 2015 + 2016 G143A
>75%
>30-75%
>10-30%
>2-10%
0-2%resistant allele
Russia
Region Krasnodar:
Lipezk:
Jørgensen et al 2017Data from BASF
Lots of Ramularia leaf blotch
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RCC – DMI situation 2016 (FRAC)
Field performance was regionally significantly affected.Isolates were detected showing significant loss of sensitivity. Relevant CYP51 mutations correlated with the effects are I325T, I328L and Y403C/Y405H.Broqd sensitivity range has been identified with very highfrequency of high resistant strains in Southern Germany, with moderate frequency in Denmark, Ireland, Belgium, Northwestern Germany, and low frequency detected in France, Austria, Sweden and the UK. No detection of resistance in Estonia.
Problems with resistanceIn Germany, Holland, UK, France, New Zealand.
3 french trials 2017Aviator gave 8% controlAviator + Daconil gave 88% control
6,8 hkg/ha in net yield for addingChlorothalonil to Aviator.
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RCC DMI mutations 2017 Norden
Countrycyp51 sdhC
SitesI325T I328L H146R H153R
Denmark 81 73 11 7 27
Sweden 30 34 10 9 9
Norway - - 10 0 2
Finland 6 6 0 5 1
Latvia 59 49 16 7 2
Estland 56 51 18 8 8
England 98 90 61 14 3
Scotland 100 91 53 10 8
Northern Ireland 90 82 63 14 2
Ireland 100 100 40 6 1
Bulked leafsamples analysedusing qPCR by BAYER
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RCC SDHI mutations 2017 Norbarag
Countrycyp51 sdhC
SitesI325T I328L H146R H153R
Denmark 81 73 11 7 27
Sweden 30 34 10 9 9
Norway - - 10 0 2
Finland 6 6 0 5 1
Latvia 59 49 16 7 2
Estland 56 51 18 8 8
England 98 90 61 14 3
Scotland 100 91 53 10 8
Northern Ireland 90 82 63 14 2
Ireland 100 100 40 6 1
Bulked leafsamples analysedusing qPCR by BAYER and Syngenta
Sample-Nr. H146R H153R I325T I328L
301 8 7 30 28
313 3 6 49 47
305 2 9 52 45
308 3 3 64 59
327 21 10 64 56
314 11 5 65 61
315 14 9 68 59
326 10 9 76 68
329 25 4 77 69
304 6 4 77 69
318 8 4 84 76
328 28 4 86 78
349 6 8 86 78
317 4 7 86 79
303 29 10 87 78
344 4 10 90 81
309 15 4 90 83
316 7 9 92 80
324 17 9 95 85
322 6 8 96 88
306 3 5 96 88
325 12 4 98 88
312 15 4 100 90
342 12 7 100 90
343 6 8 100 91
Danish ramularia resistance samples 2017
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RCC resistance management?
2016:
Given that there already exist populations in Europe resistant to all main specific modes of action, it is recommended to add precautionary a multi-site to ensure robust disease control and an effective resistance management.
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Cultivar resistance to ramularia in spring barley
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Scholar
KWS Cantton
Laureata
Odyssey
Dragoon
KWS Irina
Evergreen
RGT Planet
Laurikka
Cosmopolitan
Chanson
Flair
Crossway
Sorternes rangorden - ramularia
2015 2016 2017Tystoftefonden, obs data