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2
3
Associationneuron
Cellbody
Motorneuron
Axon
Dendrites
Sensoryneuron
Direction ofconduction
Cell body
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Axon
Figure 12-31 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Roughly 3 times more glia than neurons
StructuralGlycogen fuel reserve bufferMetabolic supportBlood–brain barrier?Transmitter uptake and releaseRegulation of ion concentration
in the extracellular spaceModulation of synaptic transmissionVasomodulationPromotion of the myelinating activity
of oligodendrocytesNervous system repairLong-term potentiation
Maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling
Macrophagesof the CNS
ScavengingPhagocytosisCytotoxicityAntigen presentationSynaptic strippingPromotion of repairExtracellular signaling
A.M. BUTT, K. COLQUHOUN, AND M. BERRY
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Dendrites
Schwanncell
Schwanncell
Axon
Nucleus
Schwanncell
Axon
Myelin sheath
Myelinsheath
Axon
“...fatty substance that surrounds the axons of many neurons.”
“...wrapping their cell membranes around the axon in a concentric manner.”
Water: 40%
Remainder: 70 - 85% Lipids15 - 30% Proteins
MembraneDepolarization
Figure 12-33 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Voltage-GatesSodium Channels
Figure 12-34 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-35 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
MembraneRepolarization
Voltage-GatedPotassium Channels
Figure 12-29 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-39b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
SynapticTransmission
Figure 12-40a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-40b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Voltage-GatedCalcium Channels
Figure 12-41 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-42 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 5.14 Molecular mechanisms of exocytosis during neurotransmitter release (Part 2)
Figure 5.9 Local recycling of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals (Part 2)
Neurotransmitters
Figure 5.3 Sequence of events involved in transmission at a typical chemical synapse
Figure 5.23 Events from neurotransmitter release to postsynaptic excitation or inhibition
Figure 12-45b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
Figure 12-45a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
NeurotransmitterBiosynthesis
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 1)
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 2)
Neuropeptides(Peptide Neurotransmitters)
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 3)
Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 4)
Electrical Synapses
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 1)
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 3)
Figure 5.1 Structure of electrical synapses (Part 2)