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Mirror Neurons & Autism
Yung-Tsai Chu
2012/06/04
Outline Basic Neuro-Physiological Properties
Function Overview
Dysfunction of Mirror Neurons and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
BASIC NEURO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Mirror Neurons
Now…
Illustration
Motor Order(from
Premotor a.)
Observation(Sensory
Input)
MirrorNeurons
Motor Neuron
The Parieto-Frontal Mirror Network Sensorimotor Integration Basis of Imitation
FUNCTION OVERVIEW OF MIRROR NEURONS
Function Overview Sensorimotor Integration
Understanding the goal and intention
Empathy
Speech
Understanding the intention
Empathy
Speech “r” V.S “f”
Different tongue muscle activity
Language Learning
Mirror Neuron System
Sensory
MotorCognition
MIRROR NEURONS &AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Characteristics of ASD
Isolation and Lack of Empathy
Rationale: “Mirror neurons appear to be performing precisely the same functions that are disrupted in autism.”
EEG evidence
EEG evidence
Correlation
Explanations for Symptoms Not able to understand Intentions Lack of empathy Problems understanding metaphors
get a grip on yourself : to get control of your thoughts Poor Social Skills
Take-Home Message MNS is a network that can reflect what you
observe and somehow activate motor areas (sensorimotor integration)
Functions of MNS includes imitation, understanding of intentions, empathy, language learning etc.
Dysfunction of MNS may be the cause of Autism Disorder
Reference Rizzolatti G and Fabbri-Destro M(2008) The mirror system and its
role in social cognition. Massimo G et al. (2004) Modulation of premotor mirror neuron
activity during observation of unpredictable grasping movements Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C (2010) The functional role of the parieto-
frontal mirror circuit: interpretations and misinterpretations. Iacoboni M, Dapretto M. 2006. The mirror neuron system and the
consequences of its dysfunction. Maddalena F-D et al.(2008) Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in
Monkeys and Humans Singer T et al.(2004) Empathy for pain involves the affective but not
sensory components of pain
Reference Fadiga L.et al.(2002) Speech listening specifically modulates the
excitability of tongue muscles: a TMS study. Vilayanur SR, Lindsay MO. 2007. Broken Mirrors: A Theory of
Autism Oberman LM et al. (2005) EEG evidence for mirror neuron
dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders Mirella D. et al.(2005) Understanding emotions in others: mirror
neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Luigi C et al. (2007) Impairment of actions chains in autism and its
possible role in intention understanding