NAME/NAAM: ______________________________________________________________
GRADE/ GRAAD 10 GEOGRAPHY/ GEOGRAFIE
GEOMORPHOLOGY/ GEOMORFOLOGIE
1 Name the FOUR layers of the earth and give the following information/ Benoem die VIER
lae van die aarde en gee die volgende
inligting ( figure/ figuur 3.25):
1______________________________
Density/ Digtheid________________________
Thickness/ dikte ______________________
Description/
beskrywing__________________________________________________________________
_______________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2_____________________________
Density/ Digtheid________________________
Thickness/ Dikte ________________________
Description/
Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________
________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
3_____________________________
Density/ Digtheid________________________
Thickness/ Dikte_________________________
Description/
Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________
_______________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
4____________________________
Density/ Digtheid_______________________
Thickness/ Dikte _______________________
Description/
Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________
_______________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2. Name the THREE main rock types and define each one/ Benoem die DRIE hoof gesteente tipes
en definieer elkeen:
-______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________
-______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
-______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
3. Which rock type are “crystalline”?/ Watter rots soort is “kristallyn”?
______________________________
What is the meaning of “crystalline”?/ Wat beteken “kristallyn”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________
4. Complete/ Voltooi:
If the magma cools slowly the crystals are ________________. If the magma cools quickly
the crystals are ___________________. As die magma stadig afkoel, is die kristalle
__________________. As die magma vining
afkoel, is die kristalle _______________________.
5. “All igneous rocks are massive.” What does it mean?/ “Alle stollingsgesteentes is massief”.
Wat beteken dit?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
6. What is the difference between/ Wat is die verskil tussen:
- intrusive rock/intrusiewe gesteentes
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
and/ en
-extrusive rock/ ekstrusiewe
gesteentes_________________________________________________________________________
____
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
7. Give THREE excamples of igneous rock/ Gee DRIE voorbeelde van stollingsgesteentes:
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
8. Give two uses of igneous rocks/ Gee twee gebruike van stollingsgesteentes
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
9. Explain how sedimentary rocks is formed/ Verduidelik hoe sedimentere gesteentes
gevorm word.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
10. Give THREE most commen types mechanically formed sedimentary rocks/ Gee DRIE van
die algemeenste soorte meganies gevormde
sedimentere gesteentes:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
11. Give TWO types of organically formed sedimentary rocks/ Gee TWEE tipes organies
gevormde sedimentere gesteentes:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
12. Metamorphic rock formed from different sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks – for
example/ Metamorfiese gesteentes vorm uit verskillende sedimetere- en stollingsgesteentes:
-sandstone/ sandsteen > quartzite/ kwartsiet
-limestone/ kalksteen > _______________
-shale/ skalie > _______________
-granite/ granite > _______________
13. Give FOUR uses of metamorphic rocks/ Gee VIER gebruike van metamorfiese
gesteentes:
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
14. Complete/ Voltooi:
Fossils are find in/ Fossiele word gevind in _____________________
15. Define/ Definieer:
-bedding plane/ laagvlakke
__________________________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-rock cycle/
rotssiklus__________________________________________________________________________
______________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
16. The rock cycle happens over hundreds of millions of years/. Complete the cycle
numbered( figure 3.19): 1 to 10:
Die rotssiklus geskied oor honderde miljoene jare./ Voltooi die siklus, genommer 1 tot
10:
1 ____________________________________________________________
2 ____________________________________________________________
3 ____________________________________________________________
4 ____________________________________________________________
5 ____________________________________________________________
6 ____________________________________________________________
7 ____________________________________________________________
8 ____________________________________________________________
9 ____________________________________________________________
10 ____________________________________________________________
Do activities 4 and 5 in your exercise book/ Doen aktiwiteite 4 en 5 in jou werkboek:
17. Define the following igneous intrusions/ Definieer die volgende stollingsintrusies (
figure/ fIguur 3.25 ):
-batholith/
batoliet____________________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-laccolith/
lakkoliet___________________________________________________________________________
________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-lopolith/
lapliet_____________________________________________________________________________
_________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-sill/
plaat______________________________________________________________________________
_____________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-dyke/
gang______________________________________________________________________________
___________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-volcanic pipe/ vulkaniese
pyp__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
-monolith/
monoliet___________________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
18. Give an example of a monolith/ Gee ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n monoliet:
_______________________________________________
19. Define the following landforms associated with igneous rocks/ Definieer die volgende
landvorme geassosieer met
Stollingsgesteentes ( figure/ figuur 3.27 ):
-mesas( flat-topped hill )/
tafelkop___________________________________________________________________________
____
-butte ( smaller flat-topped hill )/
spitskop_________________________________________________________________________
-conical hill/ koniese
heuwels___________________________________________________________________________
________
20. Where are the above mentioned landforms are find? Waar word bogenoemde
landvorme aangetref?
_____________________________
21. Define/ Definieer:
-plateau/
plato______________________________________________________________________________
________________
-plain/
vlakte_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________
-escarpment/
escarp_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 6
Moving continets/ Bewegende kontinente ( figures/ figure: 3.30 – 3.32 )
22. Define/ Definieer:
-continental drift/ kontinentale
drywing_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
-Who named this theory/ Wie het die teorie benoem?
___________________________________________________
23. He suggested -about 200 million years ago all continets were one/ Hy het beweer dat
ongeveer 200 miljoen jaar gelede- daar net
een continent was:
What was this continent named/ Hoe is die continent genoem?
_______________________
24. This “continent” split into two separate masses called/Die “continent” het opgebreek in
twee afsonderlike landmassas, bekend as:
North/ Noord = ____________________
South/ Suid = ____________________
25. Write a paragraph about evidence proved that Wegener had been right after all/ Skryf
‘n paragraaf oor die bewyse dat Wegener
wel korrek was.
____________________._____________________________________________________________
_________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 8
Plate tectonics/ Plaattektonika ( figure/ figuur 3.34 and/ en 3.35 ):
26. Define/ Definieer:
-tectonic plate/ tektoniese
plate____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
-plate boundary/
plaatgrense________________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________
27. Write a paragraph to explain the mechanics which causes the plates to move/ Skryf ‘n
paragraaf om die dryfkrag wat kontinente
laat beweeg.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
28. Complete/ Voltooi:
Below the crust, the mantle has a _______________________________, it is not
___________________, and
so it can _______________or flow/ Onder die kors, het die mantel ‘n
_____________________________, en daarom kan dit
___________________ of ______________.
29. How geologists describe the upper layer of the mantle, immediately below the plates/
Hoe beskryf die geoloe die boonste laag
van die mantel, reg bo die plate?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
30. Name EIGHT tectonic plates/ Benoem AGT tektoniese plate:
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 9
Plate bounderies/ Plaatgrense (figure/ figuur 3.36):
31. Name the THREE types of plate bounderies and define each one/ Benoem die DRIE tipe
plaatgrense en definieer elkeen ( figure/
figuur 3.36):
- ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
-_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
-_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
32. Describe/ Beskryf:
- where folded mountain ranges form/ waar word plooiberge gevorm?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
- how folded mountain ranges form/ hoe plooiingsgebergtes gevorm word:
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 10
33. Defer between/ Onderskei tussen:
-constructive plate bounderies/ konstruktiewe
plaatgrense____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
-destructive plate bounderies/ destruktiewe
plaatgrense______________________________________________________________
34. Describe/ Beskryf:
-where mid-oceanic ridges form/ waar mid-oseaanriwwe vorm.
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
-the process mid-oceanic ridges form/ die proses hoe mid-oseaanriwwe vorm.
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
-how and where oceanic trenches form/ hoe en waar oseaantroee vorm.
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
35. Name the deepest oceanic trench in the world/ Benoem die diepste oseaantrog in die
wereld.
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteite: 11 - 14
Activity/ Aktiwiteit 14 – do only/ doen slegs nr 1 and/ en 3!
Folding and faulting/ Plooiing en verskuiwing:
36. What is the difference between/ Wat is die verskil tussen:
-Folding and warping/verbuiging en
plooiing___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
-anticlinal and and synclinal/ antiklien en
sinklien_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
37. Name the FOUR types of fold/ Benoem VIER soorte plooie: Draw a simple diagram of
each one next to the type/ Teken ‘n
eenvoudige skets naas elke soort:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 16
38. Define/ Definieer:
-shield/
skild______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
-basin/
kom______________________________________________________________________________
______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
-fault/
verskuiwing________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-fault line/
verskuiwingslyn_____________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
39. Name types of fault and draw a simple figure of each one/ Benoem die tipes verskuiwings
en teken ‘n eenvoudige skets van elkeen:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 17
40. Define/ Definieer:
-block mountain/
blokberg___________________________________________________________________________
_____________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
-rift valley/
slenkdal___________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
41. Where is the Great Afican Rift Valley situated/ Waar is die Groot Skeurvallei in Aftika
gelee?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
-Name other types of landforms found in this Rift Valley/ Benoem ander tipe landvorme in
hierdie skeurvallei.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 18
Earthquakes/ Aardbewings:
42. Define/ Definieer:
-earthquake/
aardbewings_______________________________________________________________________
________________
-focus/
focus______________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
-epicentre/
episentrum________________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-seismic wave/ seismiese
golf_______________________________________________________________________________
______
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-P and S wave/ P-en S-
golwe_____________________________________________________________________________
_________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-L-wave/ L-
golwe_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-tsunami/
tsoenami__________________________________________________________________________
____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
43. What is the speed and height of a tsunami/ Wat is die spoed en hoogte van ‘n tsoenami?
-_______________________
-_______________________
44. What is/ Wat is:
-seismograph/
seismograaf________________________________________________________________________
__________________
-Richter scale/ Richter-
skaal______________________________________________________________________________
___________
45. Effective tsunami warning system uses a series of sensors to detect that a tsunami is
coming/ Effektiewe tsoenami-
waarskuwingstelsel gebruik van ‘n reeks sensors om te bepaal of ‘n tsoenami op pad is:
Name them/ Benoem dit.
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
46. “The number of deaths not necessarily rise with the magnitude of a earthquake.”/ “Die
aantal steftes neem nie noodwendig volgens
die grootte van ‘n aardbewing nie”:
Give FIVE reasons why/ Gee VYF redes waarom.
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
47. Write a paragraph: The effects of earthquakes on settlements and the envirionment/ Skryf
‘n paragraaf: Die gevolge van aardbewings
op nedersettings en die omgewing.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
48. Name FOUR economic and FOUR social effects of earthquakes/ Benoem VIER ekonomiese
en VIER sosiale gevolge van aardbewings:
ECONOMIC/ EKONOMIES: SOCIAL/ SOSIAAL:
_______________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
________________________________
49. Name FIVE strategies goverments can do to reduce the impact of earthquakes/ Benoem
VYF strategiee wat regerings kan doen om
die impak van aardbewings te verminder.
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
-
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
50. List any FIVE objects that should be moved at home/ Benoem enige VYF voorwerpe wat
verwyder behoort te word by die huis:
-______________________________________________
-______________________________________________
-______________________________________________
-______________________________________________
-______________________________________________
51. Where would you be safe during a earthquake/ Waar behoort jy veilig te wees tydens ‘n
aardbewing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
52. Name TEN disaster supplies to be in place during a disaster/ Benoem TIEN noodvoorrade
wat in plek moet wees tydens ‘n ramp:
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Volcanoes/ Vulkane:
53. Name THREE different kinds of volcanoes and “define” them/ Benoem DRIE verskillende
vulkane en definieer elkeen.
-_________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-_________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
-_________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
54. Define/ Definieer:
magma chamber/
magmakamer_______________________________________________________________________
________________
conelet/
keel_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
55. Discuss a composite volcano/ Bespreek ‘n saamgestelde vulkaan.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 23
56. Write a paragraph: How a caldera is formed/ Skryf ‘n paragraaf: Hoe ‘n kaldeira gevorm
word.
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
57. Name FOUR negative and FOUR positive effects of volcanos/ Noem VIER negatiewe en VIER
positiewe gevolge van vulkane:
NEGATIVE/ NEGATIEF: POSITIVE/ POSITIEF:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Do activities/ Doen aktiwiteite: 24, 25 and/ en 26.
EXCAM PRACTISE/ EKSAMENOEFENING pp 187 – 188
1. Write the letter of the correct answer in the open space/ Skryf die letter van die korrekte
antwoord in die oop spasie:
1 ___
2 ___
3 ___
4 ___
5 ___
6 ___
7 ___
8 ___
9 ___
10 ___
2.
2.1. Write the correct answer in the open space/ Skryf die korrekte antwoord in die oop
spasie:
A ___________________
B ___________________
C ___________________
D ___________________
E ___________________
F ___________________
G ___________________
2.2.
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
2.3.
2.4.
3.
3.1. _____________________________
3.2. _____________________________
_____________________________
3.3. _____________________________
3.4.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________
3.5. ______________________________
3.6.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
4.
4.1. _______________________________
4.2.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
4.3.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
4.4.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
4.5.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
4.6.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
4.7.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
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