Kingdom Fungi
Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold, Mildew, Rusts
I. General Characteristics
A. Feeding Pattern = Heterotrophic1. Secretes enzymes
2. Absorbs nutrients
B. Multi-cellular, eukaryotic
Exception: yeast = unicellular
I. General Characteristics
C. Structure = mass of Hyphae (filaments)1. Mass of hyphae underground = mycelium2. Secrete enzymes3. Hyphae surface area, ∴ rate of absorption & growth
Fairy Ring = ring of mushrooms
Mycelium in center
has used up all the
nutrients
I. General Characteristics
D. Cell walls contain chitin (same as
exoskeletons of insects)
E. Habitat = warm, moist
I. General Characteristics
F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual & sexual1. Asexual = spores2. Sexual = fusion of
+ & − hyphae types3. Sporangia (spore cases) made4. Spores made in sporangia
I. General Characteristics
F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual & sexual 5. Exception : Phylum Deuteromycota(Imperfect Fungi)ASEXUAL ONLY6. Exception: Yeast ASEXUAL ONLY (budding) ?s 1-10
I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles1. Decomposition /
recycling of nutrients
2. Food source
3. Help in food / drink production
I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles4. Symbiosisa. Lichens –
cyanobacteria or alga + fungus
I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles4. Symbiosis b. Mycorizzae –
fungus + plant roots rate of
absorption / growth
I. General Characteristics
G. Ecological Roles
5. Pathogens (ringworm, wheat rust,
athlete’s foot)6. Source of Antibiotics
E.g. Penicillin
II . YeastA. Uses = Making food
1. Bread2. Brewing3. Wine4. Soy sauce
B. Repro. by budding
III. Phyla of Fungi
A. ZygomycotaE.g. black
bread mold
III. Phyla of Fungi
B. AscomycotaE.g. yeast, morels, truffles
Truffles
Grow underground, on the roots of oak trees
Cannot be cultivatedVery expensive delicacyHunted with pigs
or dogs
Oak tree roots
Hunting for Truffles
III. Phyla of Fungi
C. BasidiomycotaE.g. most mushrooms,
bracket fungus, puff balls, rusts
Wheat Rust
III. Phyla of Fungi
D. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
E.g. penicillin,
ringworm,
athlete’s foot
Penicillin (First antibiotic)Discovered by Alexander FlemingIn 1928
?s 11-18
Penicillin on an orange