Chapter 11Removable Media
MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES
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OverviewIn this chapter, you will learn to
Explain and install floppy disk drives
Demonstrate the variations among flash drives and other tiny drives
Identify and install optical-media technology
Troubleshoot removable-media drives
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What Is Removable Media?Floppy drives
Traditional floppy
Flash drivesUSB thumb drives to flash memory
Optical mediaCD-ROMs to DVDs
External drivesAny drive that connects via an external cable
Floppy Drive Basics
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Floppy DrivesFloppy disk inserts into floppy drive
Lit LED indicates data is being read or written to disk
3½-inch 1.44 MBdisappearing
5¼-inchlegacy
Installing Floppy Drives
Essentials
CompTIA A+Essentials
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Installing Floppy Drives
Floppy drives designated A: or B:
Floppy drives connect to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable
Cables supporting two floppy drives use a seven-wire twist
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Inserting Ribbon CablesConnect Pin 1 on cable to Pin 1 on
motherboardPin 1 on cable has red stripeMany connectors are notched
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Installing Floppy DrivesPower
3½-inch use mini-connector
CMOSUsually configured to use 3½ inch, 1.44 MBCan disable Boot Up Floppy SeekCan change boot order to boot off floppy
Flash Memory
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Flash Memory Same type of memory used in CMOS
Two different families
1. USB thumb drives
2. Memory cards
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USB Thumb DrivesCommonly used as replacement for floppy
disks to transport data
AKA jump drive or flash drive
Hot-swappable
Cross-platform compatibility
Can create bootable thumb drives
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Memory or Flash CardsCompact Flash (CF)
Use simplified PCMCIA busTwo sizes: CF I and CF IISome are actually micro hard
drives with platters and heads
SmartMediaWas competitor to CFReplaced by Secure Digital
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Memory or Flash CardsSecure Digital
Most common todaySize of postage stampSD and SDIO versionsMini and micro forms availablePopular in cell phones
Memory StickSony proprietary formatUsed in Sony devices that
use flash memory
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Memory or Flash CardsxD Picture Card
Developed by Olympus (proprietary)Used almost exclusively in Olympus
and Fujifilm digital camerasVersion available in USB housing
Card ReadersAllow reading the different types of memory
cardsAvailable separatelyOften installed in PC
Optical Drives
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CD-MediaIncludes CD- and
DVD-media
Generically called optical discs
Drives called optical drives
IncludesCD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+RW, HD-
DVD
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How CDs WorkStores data in microscopic pits
Burned in with power laser on glass masterCopies made on plastic copiesCovered with reflective metallic covering
Data on top under labelWritten in “pits” and “lands”
Standard CD holdsabout 650 MB
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CD FormatsCD-Digital Audio (CDDA)
Music CDs
CD-ROMAdded file support and
directory structure for PCsMany different types
ISO-9660 defines CD File System (CDFS)
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CD FormatsIUSO-9660 Extensions
Joliet Microsoft’s extensionSupported by Mac and Linux
Rock RidgeOpen standard for UNIX
El ToritoEnabled bootable CDs
Apple ExtensionsProprietaryCan’t be read by Windows
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CD-ROM SpeedsFirst CD-ROM had speed of 150 KBps
All others multiples of 150 KBps
1X 150 KBps 10X 1500 KBps 40X 6000 KBps
2X 300 KBps 12X 1800 KBps 48X 7200 KBps
3X 450 KBps 16X 2400 KBps 52X 7800 KBps
4X 600 KBps 24X 3600 KBps 60X 9000 KBps
6X 900 KBps 32X 4800 KBps 72X 10800 KBps
8X 1200 KBps 36X 5400 KBps
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CD-R (CD-Recordable)Gave users ability to record or burn CDs
CD-Rs come in two sizes74-minute 650 MB 80-minute 700 MBMost CD-R burners now support 80-minute CDs
Single-session and multi-sessionSingle-session data can be added only onceMulti-session allows data to be added multiple
times (all modern CD-Rs are multi-session)Two speeds: read speed and write speed (8x/24x)
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CD-RW (CD-Rewritable)CD-R drives have been replaced by
CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) drives
CD-R discs sill around (cheaper)CD-R can be written to only onceCD-RW disks allow data to be written and
overwritten
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CD-RW (CD-Rewritable)CD Rewritable (CD-RW) works by
Using a laser to heat an amorphous (non-crystalline) substance
When cooled slowly becomes crystallineThe crystalline areas are reflective The amorphous areas are not
The MultiRead method allows regular CD-ROM drives to read CD-RW discs
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CD-RW (CD-Rewritable)Most CD-RW drives today utilize a function
called packet writing
Uses special format called the Universal Data Format (UDF) Replacement for ISO-9660All movie DVDs use this
Packet writing and UDF give drag-and-drop capabilities to CD-RW drives
CD-RW drive specs have three multiplier values: write, rewrite, read (8x4x32)
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Windows and CD-mediaAll optical drives ATAPI-compliant
Means they plug into ATA controllers
Windows XP supports drag-and-drop for burning data onto CDsThird-party software needed
to create bootable CDs or CDs from ISO images
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Music CDsDifferent format—Music CD-R
Can record to a Music CD-R or CD-RWCan not record from oneDesigned to restrict duplication of
copyrighted music
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Digital Video Discs (DVD)
Developed by a consortium of electronics and entertainment firmsReleased as digital video discs (DVD) in 1995 DVD uses smaller pits than CD-media and packs them
more densely, creating much higher data capacitiesBoth single-sided (SS) and dual-sided (DS) formatsSingle-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) formats
DVD Version Capacity
DVD-5 (SS/SL) 4.37 GB (> 2 hours of video)
DVD-9 (SS/DL) 7.95 GB (@ 4 hours of video)
DVD-10 (DS/SL) 8.74 GB (@ 4.5 hours of video)
DVD-18 (DS/DL) 15.9 GB (> 8 hours of video)
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DVD-VideoDVD-Video can store two hours of video on
one side
Supports TV-style 4:3 aspect ratio screens as well as 16:9 theatre screensSome producers distribute both on opposite sides
of the DVD
Uses MPEG-2 video and audio compression standardUp to 1280x720 at 60 frames per second with CD-quality
audio
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DVD-ROM & Recordable DVDDVD-ROM
Similar to CD-ROM data format
Can store up to 16 GB of data
Support DVD-video and most CD-ROM formats
Recordable DVDDVD-R and DVD+R
May write to them like CD-R Cannot erase
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM Written and rewritten like CD-
RW
Combo drives can do all of these - look for DVD Multi on the label
Not all players read all formats
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Installing Optical DrivesMost look the same from a distance
Most also install the same way
Most use PATA or SATA & support ATAPI
Typically set up as slavewhen using PATA
Some are SCSI or USB
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Installing Optical DrivesDoes Windows recognize the CD-ROM?
Check Device Manager
To disable Autoplayon XP, use Group Policy
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ApplicationsCD-ROM drive installation does not require
applications
CD-R and CD-RW require applications for burning capabilities
Nero Burning ROM
Roxio’s Easy Media Creator
CDBurnerXP Pro
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ISO FilesComplete copy of CD or DVD
Can download ISO image and burn to CDProvides fully functional CD
Commonly used to share copies of bootable CDs
Troubleshooting Removable Media
CompTIA A+Technician
IT Technician
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Floppy Drive Maintenance Floppy drives frequently fail
Exposure to outside environment and mechanical damage are common causes
Floppy drive cleaning kits can be used to clean drivesCan also use cotton swab with denatured
alcohol
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Repairing Floppy Drives1. Check for a bad floppy disk2. Check for data errors on the disk3. Check the CMOS settings4. Blame the floppy controller5. Check the cable6. Replace the floppy drive
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TroubleshootingConnectivity problems
Occur if the power connector is not plugged in, cables are inserted incorrectly, or the jumpers have been misconfigured
CDs may be dirtyDon’t believe someone who says
CDs can be cleaned in dishwasher
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TroubleshootingMost modern CD-media drives have a built-in
cleaning mechanism
CD-media discs can be easily cleaned using a damp cloth or mild detergent
Problems such as stuck discs can be resolved with paper clipFind the small hole on the front of the CD driveInsert a small wire (paper clip) in the hole to
manually eject the CD-media from the drive
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Burning IssuesKnow what it can do
Check out technical documentation before making a purchase
Type review and the model number in a search engine to get other opinions
Media issuesMedia quality is based on speed and inks
Check for a manufacturer guarantee on speed
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Buffer UnderrunMost often occurs when copying from CD-
ROM to CD-R or CD-RW
Inability of the source device to keep the burner loaded with data
Make sure your CD-RW drive has 2 MB or larger buffer
Create an image file—one big file on the hard drive first because any hard drive can keep up with a CD burner
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Firmware UpdatesMost drives come with an upgradeable
Flash ROM chip
Check the manufacturer’s Web site for updates
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Beyond A+Color books
Different specifications identified by colorsRed, yellow, green, orange, white, blue
High-Definition Optical DrivesHD DVD and Blu-ray DiscHigher capabilities in size and timeHigher capabilities in resolution
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