Sanshiro Mizuno High Energy Nuclear Physics Group
Pre-‐defense Session Jan. 23th 2015
Measurement Of Direct Photon Higher Order Azimuthal Anisotropy
In √sNN=200GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC-‐PHENIX
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 2
Outline
ü Introduc9on • Direct photon • MoOvaOon
ü Analysis • PHENIX detector • Analysis method
ü Results and Discussion • Neutral pion vn • Direct photon vn • The probability of resolving photon puzzle
ü Summary
2015/1/23
Introduc9on PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 3 2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 4
Quark-‐Gluon Plasma at heavy ion collision
LaTce-‐QCD calculaOon predicts ε ≈ 1GeV/fm3
T ≈ 170MeV
Quarks and gluons are predicted to move freely in the state of extremely high temperature and dense ma[er.
QGP has been created at high energy heavy ion collision. • RHIC at BNL • LHC at CERN
P.R.D 80, 014504(2009)
RHIC
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 5
History of collision and photon emission
ThermalizaOon Hydrodynamics Freeze-‐out HadronizaOon
Direct photon analysis All photons except for those originaOng from hadron decays. • emi[ed during all stages of the collisions • don’t interact with the medium
QGP Hadron Gas (HG) Collision
Hadron Photon
Hard sca[ering
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)Tp0 2 4
γR
1
1.2
1.4
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 6
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
γR
1
2
30-20 %
CalorimeterExternal conversionvirtual photon
The excess of direct photon
P.R.L. 94, 232301 arXiv:1405.3940 P.R.L. 104, 132301
R� = Ninc./Ndec.
The excess of direct photon has been measured via several methods. The virtual photon method and external conversion photon method are sensiOve to low pT region. Less than 4 GeV/c, direct photons are included by 20 % in inclusive photon.
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 7
Direct photon pT spectra
arXiv:1405.3940
The pT spectra in Au+Au collision is enhanced compared with that in p+p collision scaled by the number of binary collisions less than 4 GeV/c.
The excess of pT spectra is fi[ed and effecOve temperature is extracted. (Freeze out temperature ≈ 100MeV)
Photons in low pT are mainly radiated from very hot medium at early 9me of collisions.
Au+Au Centrality Effec9ve temperature
0% -‐ 20% 239 ± 25 ± 7 (MeV)
20% -‐ 40% 260 ± 33 ± 8 (MeV)
40% -‐ 60% 225 ± 28 ± 6 (MeV)
arXiv:1405.3940(2014)
2015/1/23
8
Azimuthal anisotropy (Ellip9c flow)
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro)
) R.P.
Ψ -φ=(φd-1 0 1
)R
.P.
Ψ -φd(
dN
210
310
v2
Reac9on Plane
charged parOcle dφ distribuOon
• anisotropic pressure gradient in parOcipant zone (IniOal state) • QGP expansion (hydrodynamic moOon, η/s)
(η is shear viscosity and s is entropy density) • hadron producOon mechanism (coalescence)
(1) : Ini9al geometry is converted into final azimuthal anisotropy (2) : (expected to be) sensiOve to η/s.
v2 = hcos {2(�� R.P.)}i
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 9
Photon emiang angle dependence
Parton Photon Par9cipant zone Angular dependence of photon sources • IniOal hard sca[ering : v2≈0 • Medium induced : v2≤0 • Jet fragmentaOon : v2≥0 • RadiaOon from expanding medium : v2>0
The measurement of photon azimuthal anisotropy is a powerful probe to idenOfy the photon sources.
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 10
P.R.L. 109, 122302(2012)
High pT : very small v2 It is consistent with expectaOon that photons produced in the iniOal hard sca[ering are dominant.
Low pT : Comparable to hadron v2 at around 2 GeV/c
Ellip9c flow of direct photon
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 11
Direct photon puzzle Thermal radiaOon photons are dominant in low pT region. Ellip9c flow : Photon should have small v2, since it includes one from early stage having small v2,
-‐> Photons are dominantly emi[ed at late stage. pT spectra : Emi[ed from very hot medium (Teff≈240MeV).
-‐> Photons are dominantly emi[ed at early stage. There is a discrepancy, and it is called “direct photon puzzle”. There is no models to explain both observables simultaneously.
2015/1/23
Ψ3
Ψ2
Ψn : Par9cipant Plane
Third order azimuthal anisotropy (v3)
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro)
v3 is originaOng from fluctuaOon of the shape of parOcipants. The higher order flow is expected to constrain the iniOal geometry calculaOng model and η/s of QGP.
12 2015/1/23
N(�� n) / 1 + 2
Xvn cos {n(�� n)}
vn = hcos {n(�� n)}i
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 13
Why direct photon v3 is measured?
B
Radial flow effect (blue shij effect) : It makes effecOve temperature higher than true temperature. Photons from late state are dominant. v2>0 : v3>0 Large magne9c field : DirecOon of magneOc field is strongly related with Ψ2(R.P.) but not with Ψ3. v2>0 : v3≈0 v3 measurement could provide addiOonal constraint on photon producOon mechanism.
P.R.C 89, 044910 (2014)
Effec9v
e Tempe
rature
2015/1/23
True Temperature
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 14
My ac9vity
2014 (D3):Data taking shil and Detector expert
2013 (D2):Data taking shil and Detector expert & TOF calibraOon
2012 (D1):Data taking shil and Detector expert & TOF calibraOon Talk ATHIC 2012
Talk ATHIC 2014
Talk HIC HIP
Talk JPS spring
Talk JPS fall
Talk JPS spring
Poster QM 2012
Talk QM 2014
Talk WPCF 2014
Iden9fied par9cle azimuthal anisotropy
Neutral pion and direct photon azimuthal anisotropy
Poster & Talk : Analysis
2015/1/23
Analysis PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 15 2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 16
PHENIX detector CNT |η| <0.35
1.0< |η| <2.8
ReacOon Plane detector (RxNP), MPC, BBC are used for measuring Event Plane. Photons and π0 are detected by EMCal in CNT.
vn = hcos {n(�� n)}i2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 17
Centrality determina9on
Centrality : The size of parOcipant zone is classified by mulOplicity in BBC. Beam-‐Beam Counter (BBC) : Measures charged parOcles.
BBC charge sum 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Cou
nt
10
210
0 % 100 %
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 18
Event plane and resolu9on
n =
1
ntan
�1⇣P
wi sinn�iPwi cosn�i
⌘
Event plane is determined for each harmonic “n”.
Reac9on Plane detector(RxN)
Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC)
RxN(In) RxN(Out) RxN(I+O)
MPC BBC RxN(In)+MPC
vtruen
= vobs.n
/Res( n
)
Res( n
) = hcos {n( true
n
� obs.
n
)}i
2015/1/23
)2invariant mass(GeV/c0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Cou
nt
0
500
1000
1500310×
Real eventMixed eventExtracted signal
20-30 %<2.5(GeV/c)T2.0<pγ + γ → 0π
<0.18γγ0.10<m
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 19
Photon reconstruc9on Pad chamber : space point of charged parOcle track Electromagne9c calorimeter(EMCal) Photons are reconstructed • Energy threshold : E > 0.2GeV • Shower shape : χ2 < 3 • Charged parOcle rejecOon at PC3 : √(dz)2+(rTsin(dφ))2 > 6.5 π0 (-‐>γ+γ) reconstrucOon • Asymmetry cut : |E1-‐E2|/(E1+E2)<0.8 • Photons are detected in same sector • Invariant mass of γ+γ
Mass =p
2E1E2(1� cos ✓)
2015/1/23
) 2
Ψ - φ | ( = φ Δ| 0 0.5 1 1.5
Cou
nt
4000
5000
6000
310×
20-30 %<2.5(GeV/c)T2.0<p
])}nΨ -φcos{n(n[2v0N
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10 15
nv
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
2 vinc.γ
3 vinc.γ
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 20
Inclusive photon vn measurement
The method of extracOng vn 1. vn=<cos{n(φ-‐Ψn)}> 2. dN/dφ is fi[ed by N0(1+2vncos{n(φ-‐Ψn)}) Systema9c uncertainty • Photon selecOon • vn measuring method • Event plane determinaOon
2015/1/23
) 2
Ψ - φ | ( = φ Δ| 0 0.5 1 1.5
Cou
nt
2000
2500
3000
310×
20-30 %<2.5(GeV/c)T2.0<p
])}nΨ -φcos{n(n[1+2v0N
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10 15
nv
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
2 v0π
3 v0π
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 21
Neutral pion vn measurement
The number of π0 is counted with respect to the event plane. The azimuthal distribuOon is fi[ed by the equaOon. Systema9c uncertainty • Photon selecOon • π0 selecOon • Event plane determinaOon
N0(1 + 2vn cos {n(�� n)})
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 22
Hadronic decay photon It is impossible to idenOfy photons originaOng from hadron decay experimentally. Decay photon pT spectra and vn should be simulated by Monte-‐Carlo simulaOon. Par9cle Data Group
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15 20
Tdy
dpdNT
pπ21
-1210
-910
-610
-310
1
310410
0-20 % PHENIX results
Estimated spectra
1.0× 0π 1.0× ±π
0.1× η 0.01× ω
1.0×pion 0.1× η 0.01× ω 0.001× ρ 0.0001×' η
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15 20
Dat
a/Eq
uatio
n
0.5
1
1.5
2 0π±πη
ω
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 23
Meson pT spectra es9ma9on
Since it is difficult to measure mesons except for pion, the other mesons pT spectra are esOmated by mT scaling from pion experimental data.
pT,meson
=q
p2T,pion
+M2meson
�M2pion
P.R.C 69,034909 P.R.L. 101,232301 P.R.C 82,011902 P.R.C 84,044902
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
0
0.05
0.12v
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
pionη
ω
ρ
'η
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
0
0.05
0.13v
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
pion
η
ω
ρ
'η
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 24
Meson vn es9ma9on The number of cons9tuent scaling
It is known that hadron vn as a funcOon of KET are scaled by the number of consOtuent quark. Meson vn is esOmated from pion vn.
pT,meson
=
r⇣qp2T,⇡
+M2⇡
�M⇡
+Mmeson
⌘2�M2
meson
arXiv:1412:1038
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) Tp0 5 10 15
Tdy
dpdNT
pπ21
-510
-210
10
410
710
10100-20 %decay photon
0π from dec.γη from dec.γω from dec.γρ from dec.γ
'η from dec.γdec.γall
(GeV/c) Tp0 5 10 15
) ico
ntrib
utio
n ra
tio (
R
-410
-310
-210
-110
1
(GeV/c) Tp0 5 10 15
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.152
decay photon v
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 25
Hadronic decay photon vn
Decay photon vn is simulated from meson input. Systema9c uncertainty • Propagated from pion pT spectra • Propagated from pion vn • Event plane determinaOon
vdec.n =X
i
Rivdec.,in
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)Tp0 2 4
γR
1
1.2
1.4
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
γR
1
2
30-20 %
CalorimeterExternal conversionvirtual photon
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1 2v
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
inclusive photondecay photon
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10 3v
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1 3v
0-20 %RxN(I+O)
inclusive photondecay photon
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 26
Direct photon vn
⌫dir.n =R�⌫inc.n � ⌫dec.n
R� � 1
P.R.L. 94, 232301 arXiv:1405.3940 P.R.L. 104, 132301
Systema9c uncertainty • Propagated from inclusive photon vn • Propagated from decay photon vn • Propagated from Rγ • Event plane determinaOon
R� = Ninc./Ndec.
2015/1/23
Results & Discussion Neutral pion vn
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 27
|η|
Electromagne9c calorimeter (CNT) |η| < 0.35 Reac9on Plane detector (Inner) 1.5 < |η| < 2.8 Reac9on Plane detector (Outer) 1.0 < |η| < 1.5 MPC 3.1 < |η| < 3.8 BBC 3.0 < |η| < 3.9
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0-10 %
2Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
40-50 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
3v
-0.4
-0.2
0
0-10 %
3Neutral pion v
|<3.8ηRxN(In)+MPC:1.5<||<1.5ηRxN(Out):1.0<|
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
3v
-0.4
-0.2
0
40-50 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
4v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-10 %
4Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
4v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-50 %
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 28
The event plane dependence of neutral pion vn
Hadrons in high pT are originated from jet fragmentaOon. • Study jet property In peripheral event v2 and v4 : posiOve v3 : negaOve In the v2 case, there is the difference blue and red
2015/1/23
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
2in
tegr
ated
v
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4 2Neutral pion v
< 15 GeV/cT
6 < p
|<3.8ηRxN(In)+MPC:1.5<|
|<1.5ηRxN(Out):1.0<|
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
3in
tegr
ated
v
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4 3Neutral pion v
< 15 GeV/cT
6 < p
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
4in
tegr
ated
v
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
4Neutral pion v
< 15 GeV/cT
6 < p
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 29
Event plane dependence of π0 vn in high pT
Di-‐jet makes v2,4 >0 and v3≈0. Energy loss of path length dependence : vn > 0 It can be understood in central event. NegaOve v3 and the difference of red and blue in v2 are not understood.
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 30
Jet effect in event plane determina9on
⌘ = � lnn
tan✓
z
o
EMCal : |η|<0.35 RxN(Out) : 1.0<|η|<1.5 RxN(In) : 1.5<|η|<2.8 MPC : 3.1<|η|<3.8 Jet
Event plane determinaOon is much affected by jet effect in peripheral event due to small mulOplicity. The trend is different in v2 & v4 and v3 due to the iniOal geometry.
v2&v4 > 0 : v3 < 0
z
2015/1/23
θ
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14001
10
210
310
410
510
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 31
a Mul9phase transport model (AMPT) event generator (HIJING) + parton cascade (ZPC) + hadronizaOon + hadron cascade P.R.C 72, 064901 3 M events including Jet > 20 GeV are analyzed. Centrality is defined by the number of parOcles in 3.1<|η|<3.9. Pions are detected in |η|<0.35. Event Plane is measured in 1 : 1.5<|η|<2.8 (RxN(In)) 2: 1.0<|η|<1.5 (RxN(Out)) 3: 1.0<|η|<2.8 (RxN(I+O)) 4: 3.1<|η|<3.8 (MPC) 5: 3.1<|η|<3.9 (BBC) 6: 1.0<|η|<1.5 + 3.1<|η|<3.9 (RxN(In)+MPC) Number of parOcle
Coun
t
3.1<|η|<3.9
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.32pion v
40-60 %
Event with Jet>20GeVExperimental RxN(In)+MPCExperimental RxN(Out)
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
3v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.23pion v
40-60 %
AMPT RxN(In)+MPCAMPT RxN(Out)
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 32
Pion vn simulated by AMPT
Event plane dependence is found in v2, it is similar to the experimental measurement. The v3 shows similar trend less than 5 GeV/c.
2015/1/23
Results & Discussion Direct photon vn
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 33 2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0-20 %Neutral pionDirect photon
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
20-40 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
3v
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0-20 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
3v
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
20-40 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
4v
0
0.1
0.2
0-20 %
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
4v
0
0.1
0.2
20-40 %
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 34
The results of neutral pion and direct photon vn
• In low pT region Direct photon has non-‐zero and posiOve v2 and v3. The strength is comparable to the hadron v2 and v3. • In high pT region Direct photon vn is close to zero.
2015/1/23
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
2in
tegr
ated
v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
Neutral pionDirect photon
(RxN(I+O))2v<10 GeV/cT6<p
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
3in
tegr
ated
v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2 (RxN(I+O))3v
<10 GeV/cT
6<p
〉 part N〈0 100 200 300
4in
tegr
ated
v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
(RxN(I+O))4v
<10 GeV/cT6<p
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 35
Centrality dependence of γdir. and π0 in high pT
γdir. v2 and v4 < π0 v2 and v4 γdir. v3 ≈ 0 The direct photon vn is close to zero. The difference between γdir. and π0 is understood that photon includes prompt photon which vn≈0.
2015/1/23
Blast wave model is based on hydrodynamic model Parameterizing the expanding medium at freeze-‐out temperature pT spectra : azimuthal anisotropy : 6 parameters Freeze-‐out temperature : Tf average velocity : <ρ> transverse anisotropy : ρ2, ρ3 spaOal anisotropy : s2, s3 6 parameters are defined by hadron observables. Photon spectra and vn are predicted as massless parOcle (mass = 0).
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 36
dN
pT dpT/
Zd�I0(↵T )K1(�T )
vn(pT ) =
Rd� cos (n�)In(↵T )K1(�T ){1 + 2sn cos (n�)}R
d�I0(↵T )K1(�T ){1 + 2sn cos (n�)}
↵T (�) = (pT /Tf ) sinh (⇢(�))
�T (�) = (mT /Tf ) cosh (⇢(�))
⇢(�) = ⇢0(1 + 2⇢n cos (n�))
h⇢i =Rr(⇢0 ⇥ r/R
max
)drRr dr
Blast wave model
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 37
Photon observables predicted blast wave model
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
dy TN
/dp
2)d Tpπ
(1/2
-510
-310
-110
10
310
spectraT
PIDed charged hadron pCentrality:0-20%
0.27[MeV]±=107.37fT0.00± =0.65〉ρ〈
10× ±π 5× ±K 1× pp
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
2PIDed charged hadron v
0.000±=0.0212ρ
0.000±=0.0332s
Fitting range
Extrapolation
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
3PIDed charged hadron v
0.000±=0.0183ρ
0.001±=0.0063s
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
dy TN
/dp
2)d Tpπ
(1/2
-510
-310
-110
10
310
spectraT
Direct photon p
CalorimeterConversion method
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
2Direct photon v
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
3Direct photon v
Photon observables are well described with parameters defined from hadron. The pT spectra is described though temperature is very low (Teff. =240 MeV). It could be due to strong radial flow (like blue shil correcOon).
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 38
The probability of understanding photon puzzle
Blast wave model well describes photon pT spectra and vn at freeze-‐out temperature (TFO ≈ 100 MeV). EffecOve temperature could be affected by strong radial flow. The possibility that photons from early stage are not dominant. Photon pT spectra and vn are calculated with blue shil effect.
T 0 = T
s1 + �
1� �
T’ : apparent temperature β : velocity of photon source T < T’
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 39
Photon pT spectra and vn with blue shij effect Assump9on of photon source • temperature decreases with the Ome : T(t) • velocity increases with the Ome : β(t) • azimuthal anisotropy increases with the Ome vn(pT, t) • thermal photon momentum distribuOon : pT spectra and vn at final state are calculated as : EffecOve temperature is taken via fiTng by exponenOal equaOon to pT spectra. The difference with experimental measurement is esOmated as :
(Vobs. � V
cal.)/E(stat.� sys.)
nfin.(pT ) =
Zdtn(pT , t) vfin.n (pT ) =
Rdtn(pT , t)vn(pT , t)R
dtn(pT , t)
2015/1/23
Vobs. : experimental measurement E : error of Vobs. Vcal. : calculaOon
n(pT , t) =pT
exp (pT /T (t))� 1
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 40
time0 0.5 1
N(t)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04Basic assumption
T,t)dp
Tn(p∫N(t)=
(t)=B tβ
) tT
,t)=C(pT
(pnv
time0 0.5 1
Tem
pera
ture
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Temperature : T(t)
time0 0.5 1
Velo
city
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 (t)βVelocity :
time0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y
0
0.05
0.1 ,t)T
(pnazimuthal anisotropy : v
Basic assump9on for yield, velocity, and anisotropy
The temperature is decreased from 300 MeV to 100 MeV. The Ome is defined by temperature.
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210310 spectra
TThermal photon p
=235(MeV)eff.T
without blue shift correction
Experimental measurement7±25±=239eff.T
=0.15eff. Tσ
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210310
arXiv:1405.3940<2 GeV/c
Tfit range 0.6<pextrapolation
spectraT
Thermal photon p=265(MeV)eff.T
with blue shift correction
=-1.00eff. Tσ
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 nDirect photon vn
Calculated photon v
(0-20 %)2
Thermal photon v
=3.742 vσ
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v0
0.05
0.1
0.15 (0-20 %)
3Thermal photon v
=1.513 vσ
< 3 GeV/cT
is estimated in pn vσ
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 41
EffecOve temperature with blue shil is higher than without correcOon. The vn are much underesOmated.
Calcula9on with basic assump9on
2015/1/23
time 0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04
,t)T
n(patT
dp∫N(t)=a=0a=1/4a=1/2
a=1a=2a=4
time 0 0.5 1
)βVe
loci
ty(
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 b(t)=B tβ
b=1/4b=1/2b=1b=2b=4
time 0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y0
0.05
0.1 c,t)=C tT
(pnv
c=1/4c=1/2c=1c=2c=4
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 42
Addi9onal assump9on • Yield dependence Since photon source expands, the yield is assumed to get large with Ome. • Velocity dependence • Azimuthal anisotropy dependence
T : V ∨ : ∧ T’ : V’
N(t) =
ZdpT t
an(pT , t)
�(t) = B · tb
vn(pT , t) = C(pT ) · tc
2015/1/23
time 0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty0
0.02
0.04
Probability density
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 43
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210a=0 : 264.88[MeV]a=1/4 : 260.99[MeV]a=1/2 : 257.32[MeV]a=1 : 250.75[MeV]a=2 : 240.07[MeV]a=4 : 226.16[MeV]
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15T
dp/T)-1}T
/{exp(pa t∫N(t)=a=4a=2a=1a=1/2a=1/4a=0
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
pT spectra and vn with rela9ve yield dependence
Photons from late stage : low temperature & large vn The both of effecOve temperature and vn are affected.
N(t) =
ZdpT t
an(pT , t)
2015/1/23
time 0 0.5 1Ve
loci
ty0
0.2
0.4
0.6 (t)βVelocity :
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210b=1/4 : 324.93[MeV]b=1/2 : 294.54[MeV]b=1 : 264.88[MeV]b=2 : 244.39[MeV]b=4 : 235.77[MeV]
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 b (t)=B tβ b=1/4b=1/2b=1b=2b=4
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 44
pT spectra and vn with velocity dependence
EffecOve temperature significantly decreases with increasing “b”. The vn is a slightly affected.
2015/1/23
�(t) = B · tb
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210264.88[MeV]
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 c,t)=C tT
(pnv c=1/4c=1/2c=1c=2c=4
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 45
pT spectra and vn with anisotropy dependence
Since pT spectra is not affected, effecOve temperature is not varied. The vn increases with “c” decreasing.
2015/1/23 time 0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y0
0.05
0.1,t)
T(pnAzimuthal : v
vn(pT , t) = C(pT ) · tc
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 46
Comparison with experimental measurement
The differences (σTeff and σv2) are varies uniquely with the parameters “a”, “b”, and “c”. They are selected so that Teff. and v2 are comparable to the experimental measurement.
eff Tσ-4 -2 0 2
2 vσ
0
2
4
6 Basic assumptionyield dependencevelocity dependenceanisotropy dependence
(Vobs. � V
cal.)/E(stat.� sys.)
“c” geang large
“b” geang large
Vobs. : experimental measurement E : error of Vobs. Vcal. : calculaOon result
N(t) =
ZdpT t
an(pT , t)
�(t) = B · tbvn(pT , t) = C(pT ) · tc
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
spe
ctra
Tp
-610
-410
-210
1
210238.57[MeV]238.85[MeV]237.05[MeV]235.86[MeV]238.60[MeV]238.21[MeV]
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 a : b : c0.00 : 2.86 : 0.020.25 : 1.98 : 0.030.50 : 1.77 : 0.04
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15 a : b : c1.00 : 1.47 : 0.062.00 : 1.04 : 0.094.00 : 0.63 : 0.14
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 47
pT spectra and vn with selected parameters
Parameter “b” is selected so that effecOve temperature is comparable to experimental measurement. The “c” is chosen to be comparable to v2.
2015/1/23
time0 0.5 1
N(t)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04
a : b : c0.00 : 2.86 : 0.020.25 : 1.98 : 0.030.50 : 1.77 : 0.041.00 : 1.47 : 0.062.00 : 1.04 : 0.094.00 : 0.63 : 0.14
time0 0.5 1
Tem
pera
ture
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Temperature
time0 0.5 1
Velo
city
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 Velocity
time0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y
0
0.05
0.1azimuthal anisotropy
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 48
Selected dependence of velocity and anisotropy
The development of velocity and vn could be studied. The Ome dependence of vn of medium shows that vn is saturated early.
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 49
Neutral pion and direct photon vn are measured in √sNN = 200GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC-‐PHENIX experiment. Neutral pion v2, v3, and v4 show different pa[ern in high pT region. In central collisions, hadron shows non-‐zero vn.
It could be understood that jet path-‐length dependence. In peripheral collisions, v2 & v4 have posiOve while v3 shows negaOve.
It could be due to jet effect on determining event plane. Comparison of neutral pion and direct photon in high pT region. Hadron shows non-‐zero while photon vn is close to zero. It could be understood that photon includes prompt photons with vn≈0.
Summary (1)
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 50
Strong radial flow effect could be the probability of explanaOon “photon puzzle”. High effecOve temperature could be understood that photon emi[ed from the medium having large radial velocity at late stage. Photon pT spectra and vn are calculated with blue shil effect. The Ome dependences are selected so that effecOve temperature and v2 are comparable to the experimental measurement. It is found that the medium azimuthal anisotropy is saturated early Ome of development.
Summary (2)
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 51 2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
2Direct photon v0-20 %
CalorimeterConversionHess et al. (a)Hess et al. (b)Linnyk et al.
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
20-40 %arXiv1403.7558 (a)arXiv1403.7558 (b)arXiv1404.3714
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-60 %
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 52
Model comparison of photon v2
(Orange) Transport model considering photons from hadron phase (Blue, red) Fireball model Hydrodynamic calculaOons (cyan, pink, and violet) including photons from late state, are much underesOmated.
PRC 84,054906 PRC 89,034908
Private communica9on
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.1
0.2
2Direct photon v20-40 %
CalorimeterConversion
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.1
0.2
3Direct photon v20-40 %
Hess et al. (a)Hess et al. (b)Linnyk et al.
P.R.D 89,026013
arXiv1403.7558 (a)
arXiv1403.7558 (b)
arXiv:1404.3714
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 53
Model comparison of v2 and v3
Dark violet is based on magneOc field effect, upper limit is shown. Model calculaOons of photon v3 are much smaller than experimental data. The data of v3 may help to constrain parameters in model calculaOons.
P.R.D 89,026013 arXiv:1404.3714
PRC 84,054906 PRC 89,034908
Private communica9on
Private communica9on
2015/1/23
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
2v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
(RxN(I+O)) inclusive photon2v0-20(%) Calorimeter
Conversion
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
3v
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
(RxN(I+O)) inclusive photon3v0-20(%)
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 54
Real photons from external photon conversion at the Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) readout plane are detected. • Extend low pT limit Consistent inclusive photon vn well
External photon conversion method MHBD: Real track Mvtx : Measured track
MHB
D[GeV
/c2 ]
Mvtx[GeV/c2]
γ Invariant mass of e++e-‐ pair
2015/1/23
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 55
1) real photon converts to e+e-‐ in HBD backplane 2) default assumpOon: track come from the vertex 3) momentum of the conversion tracks will be mis-‐measured (see black tracks) 4) apparent pair-‐mass (about 12MeV) will be measured for phtons 5) assume the same tracks originate in the HBD backplane 6) re-‐calculate momentum and pair mass with this “alternate tracking model” 7) for true converted photons Matm will be around zero
Real track es9mated track
MHB
D[GeV
]
Mvtx[GeV]
External photon conversion method
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 56
Thermal photons are predicted sensi9ve to η/s
Hydrodynamic calculaOon predicts that direct photon is sensiOve to η/s of QGP than hadron.
v 2{SP}/v
3{SP}
pT(GeV/c)
arXiv:1403.7558v1 (2014)
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
3/v 2v
0
2
4
6
0-20 %
±π
dir.γ
dir.γ/s(0.20) ηMCKLN+dir.γ/s(0.08) ηMCGlb+±π/s(0.20) ηMCKLN+±π/s(0.08) ηMCGlb+
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
3/v 2v
0
2
4
6
20-40 %theory arXiv:1403.7558
arXiv:1412.1038±π
(GeV/c) T
p0 1 2 3 4
3/v 2v
0
2
4
6
40-60 %
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 57
The ra9o of v2 to v3 in pT region
• Photons don’t have strong centrality dependence at around 2-‐3 GeV/c
• Pions increase from central to peripheral
Photon and pion show different centrality dependence.
π± : arXiv:1412:1038 Model : arXiv:1403.7558 Private communica9on
2015/1/23
time0 0.5 1
N(t)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04Yield dependence
T,t)dp
Tn(pat∫N(t)=
(t)=B tβ
) tT
,t)=C(pT
(pnv
a=0a=1/4a=1/2a=1a=2a=4
time0 0.5 1
Tem
pera
ture
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Temperature : T(t)
time0 0.5 1
Velo
city
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 (t)βVelocity :
time0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y
0
0.05
0.1,t)
T(pnazimuthal anisotropy : v
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 58
Rela9ve yield dependence N(t) =
Ztan(pT , t)dpT
RelaOve probability density is modified.
2015/1/23
time0 0.5 1
N(t)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04Velocity dependence
T,t)dp
Tn(p∫N(t)=
b(t)=B tβ
) tT
,t)=C(pT
(pnv
b=1/4b=1/2b=1b=2b=4
time0 0.5 1
Tem
pera
ture
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Temperature : T(t)
time0 0.5 1
Velo
city
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 (t)βVelocity :
time0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y
0
0.05
0.1,t)
T(pnazimuthal anisotropy : v
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 59
The velocity dependence
The Ome dependence of velocity is modified.
2015/1/23
time0 0.5 1
N(t)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time0 0.5 1
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
0
0.02
0.04Azimuthal anisotropy dependence
T,t)dp
Tn(p∫N(t)=
(t)=B tβ
c) tT
,t)=C(pT
(pnv
c=1/4c=1/2c=1c=2c=4
time0 0.5 1
Tem
pera
ture
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Temperature : T(t)
time0 0.5 1
Velo
city
0
0.2
0.4
0.6 (t)βVelocity :
time0 0.5 1
Azi
mut
hal a
niso
trop
y
0
0.05
0.1,t)
T(pnazimuthal anisotropy : v
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 60
The azimuthal anisotropy dependence
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 61
eff Tσ-4 -2 0 2
b
0
2
4
6
8
10a : b0 : 2.861/4 : 1.981/2 : 1.77
1 : 1.472 : 1.044 : 0.63
2 vσ0 2 4
c
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
a : b : c0 : 2.86 : 0.02a : b : c
1/4 : 1.98 : 0.03
a : b : c
1/2 : 1.77 : 0.04
a : b : c
1 : 1.47 : 0.06
a : b : c
2 : 1.04 : 0.09
a : b : c
4 : 0.63 : 0.14
Selec9ng b and c
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 62
Medium effect (RAA)
RAA=1 not modified RAA≠1 medium effect Hadron less than unity -‐> medium effect
RAA
=(1/Nevt
AA
)d2NAA
/dpT
dy
< Ncoll
> /�inel
pp
⇥ d2�pp
/dpT
dy
photon RAA=1 : not modified
-‐> Emi[ed from iniOal hard sca[ering RAA>>1 : There are other photon sources which are not in p+p collisions.
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 63
Event Plane resolu9on RxN(In) RxN(Out) RxN(I+O)
MPC BBC RxN(In)+MPC
vtruen
= vobs.n
/Res( n
)
Extracted from the correlaOon between the event plane angle measured by south and north. The vn measured with event plane should be corrected by the resoluOon.
=
qhcos {n( true
n
� obs.
n
)}i
hcos {n( South
n
� North
n
)}i
2015/1/23
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
0
0.2
0-20 %
|<3.8ηRxN(In)+MPC:1.5<||<1.5ηRxN(Out):1.0<|
2 vdir.γ
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
0
0.2
20-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
0
0.2
40-60 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.20-20 %
3 vdir.γ
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.220-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.240-60 %
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 64
The event plane dependence of direct photon vn
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 65
Charged hadron vn
Non-‐zero posiOve vn are observed. The trend of centrality dependence is not similar.
P.R.L. 107, 252301 (2011)
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 66
Event Plane correla9on P.R.L. 107, 252301 (2011)
Ψ2 and Ψ3 are uncorrelated.
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 67
Iden9fied charged par9cle vn
It is observed that all harmonics have mass ordering there are meson and baryon spliTng
arXiv:1412:1038
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 68
The number of cons9tuent quark scaling (NCQ scale)
(a) : v2(KET)/nq (b) : vn1/n scaling (a)+(b) : vn(KET)/nqn/2
All parOcles are scaled by modified NCQ scaling.
arXiv:1412:1038
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 69
π0 and γdir. v2 measurement by STAR
γdir. v2 in high ET region are consistent with 0 within systemaOc uncertainty, while π0 has posiOve v2.
Ahmed M. Hamed shown at QM
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 70
photon vn measurement by ALICE
v2
It is also observed that γdir. v2 is posiOve in low pT at LHC-‐ALICE. v3 measurement is ongoing.
v3 γdec. v3 γinc. v3
arXiv:1212.3995v2 Friederike shown at QM
2015/1/23
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 71
The comparison of charged pion and hydro-‐model
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-‐20% 20-‐40% 40-‐60%
pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c)
pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c)
v2
v3
π± : arXiv:1412:1038 Model : arXiv:1403.7558 Private communica9on
MCGlb+η/s(=0.08) MCKLM+η/s(=0.20)
2015/1/23
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 1 2 3 40
0.1
0.2
0.3
PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 72
The comparison of direct photon and hydro-‐model 0-‐20% 20-‐40% 40-‐60%
pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c)
pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c) pT(GeV/c)
v2
v3 MCGlb+η/s(=0.08) MCKLM+η/s(=0.20)
π± : arXiv:1412:1038 Model : arXiv:1403.7558 Private communica9on 2015/1/23
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 73
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.30-20 %
RxN(I+O)2v dir.γ
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.320-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.340-60 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0-20 %
RxN(I+O)3v
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
20-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
3v
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
40-60 %
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 74
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.40-10%
2Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4Present analysis
P.R.C 88, 064910 (2013)
10-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.420-30%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.430-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.440-50%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
nv
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.450-60%
Comparison of neutral pion v2 with previous results
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-20%
2Neutral pion v
E.P. : RxN(I+O)
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Present analysisP.R.L. 109, 122302 (2012)
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-60%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-60%
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 75
Comparison of neutral pion v2 with previous results
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-20%
2Inclusive photon v
E.P. : BBC
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 Present analysisP.R.L. 109, 122302 (2012)
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-60%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
20-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 5 10
2v
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
40-60%
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 76
Comparison of inclusive photon v2 with previous results
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.250-10%
2Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25Present analysis
arXiv:1412.1038 (2014)
10-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2520-30%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2530-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2540-50%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2550-60%
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 77
Comparison of neutral pion v2 with charged pion v2
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.150-10%
3Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15Present analysis
arXiv:1412.1038 (2014)
10-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.1520-30%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.1530-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.1540-50%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.1550-60%
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 78
Comparison of neutral pion v3 with charged pion v3
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.20-10%
4Neutral pion v
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2Present analysis
arXiv:1412.1038 (2014)
10-20%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.220-30%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.230-40%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.240-50%
(GeV/c)T
p0 1 2 3 4 5
nv
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 79
Comparison of neutral pion v3 with charged pion v3
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0-20 %
2Direct photon vE.P. : RxN(I+O)
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2Present analysisP.R.L. 109, 122302 (2012)
20-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
40-60 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0-20 %
2Direct photon vE.P. : BBC
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
20-40 %
(GeV/c) T
p0 5 10 15
2v
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
40-60 %
2015/1/23 PreDefence (M.Sanshiro) 80
Comparison of direct photon v2 with previous results
They are consistent within systemaOc uncertainty.