Europe
Majda Zorec Karlovsek
Assist. Professor
University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of
Forensic Medicine
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
2
European Region53 countries
53 countries –-many differences in fatality rates
European Region: Road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants (WHO 2013, data of 49 countries, year
2010)
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49Roa
d fa
talit
ies
per
100
000
inha
bita
nts
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
3
European Region
2.4 Iceland 2.8 Sweden
18.6 Russian Federation21.1 Kazakhstan
Pedestrians: percent of road crash fatalities:
average 27%; range from 3 to 44% (Armenia, Slovakia)
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
4
European Region
European Region: Percent of pedestrians among road traffic fatalities (WHO 2013, 48 countries, 2010)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46
% o
f p
edes
tria
ns
Percent of cyclists fatalities: average 4%; range from 0 to 25% (Netherlands)
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
5
European Region
European Region: Percent of cyclists fatalities (WHO 2013, 49 countries, year 2010)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49
% o
f cy
clis
ts
Percent of motorcyclists fatalities: average 12%; range from 0 to 35% (Cyprus, other Mediterranean countries)
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
6
European Region
European Region: Percent of motorcyclists fatalities (WHO 2013, 49 countries, year 2010)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52
% o
f m
oto
rcyc
list
s
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
7
Alcohol related fatalities: average 18,9%, mediane 15%, range from 1% (FYR Macedonia) to 63% Lituania, 59% Kyrgyzistan
European Region
European Region: Reported % of road traffic deaths involving alcohol (WHO 2013, data of 44 countries, year 2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43% o
f ro
ad f
atal
itie
s in
volv
ing
alc
oh
ol
European Union (EU) - drink-driving data:
• 1% - 4.5% drivers (BAC over 0.05%) behind the wheel
• 10-12% of drivers (BAC over 0.05%) involved in an accident
• 25-33% of drivers (BAC over 0.05%) among fatally injured
persons
• 32-64 % of pedestrians (BAC over 0.05%) among fatally
injured persons
Detected BAC values of fatally injured pedestrians are higher
than the BAC of drivers, cyclists and motorcyclists.
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
8
European Region
• Alcohol consumption
• Drinking patterns
• Alcohol related harm
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
9
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
Alcohol consumption
FACTS:
• The highest adult per capita alcohol
consumption in the world: 10L and over
• Trends in adult per capita consumption
since 1990: Europe in average: stable and high
Eastern Europe: rise in drinking (1997-2011)
• Prefered beverages: beer, wine, spirits
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
10
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
11
Alcohol consumption
European Region
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
12
Alcohol consumption
European Region
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
13
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
Region Countries Traditional
alcohol
consumed
Current trends in
alcohol consumed
Southern
Europe
France, Italy, Spain Wine Increase in beer
Northern
Europe
Sweden, Finland,
Norway, Denmark
Beer, spirits Increase in wine
Central
Europe
Germany, Czech,
Hungary, Slovenia
Beer, wine,
spirits
Increase in
RTDs/high-
strength premixes
Eastern
Europe,
Central Asia
Estonia, Ukraine,
Russia, Kazhakstan
etc
Spirits
(home made
beverages)
Beer
Drinking patterns
gender and age differences
• men are still more likely to be drinkers, and women
abstainers.
• men drink large quantities per occasion and more
often than women.
• Young adults drink heavily or large quantities per
occasion and more often than older age groups.
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
14
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
Drinking patterns
Growing concern:
• under-age drinking,
• increased levels of drunkenness and binge use
of alcohol for recreational purposes
• increased percent of young women involved in
binge drinking
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
15
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
• Alcohol related harm
Not the type of alcoholic beverage,
• the amount of alcohol consumed,
• the frequency of drinking,
• the amount of alcohol consumed at one occasion,
• the frequency of heavy drinking
increase the risk of alcohol related harm.
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
16
Alcohol use in the region
European Region
Alcohol related harm:
Road fatalities and injuries
• drink driving
• drink walking
Young males are particularly over-represented in
alcohol-affected pedestrian deaths.
Primary idea: Road crashes are preventable
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
17
Main challenges in preventing road crashes involving alcohol and
VRUs in the region
European Region
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
18
Preventative measures - Haddon matrix
European Region
Crash
phase
Type of
prevention
Description Example
Pre-
crash
Primary
prevention
Removal of circumstances that
cause injury
Crash
phase
Secondary
prevention
Reducing the severity of injury
when a crash occurs
Post-
crash
phase
Tertiary
prevention
Optimal treatment to reduce
likelihood of fatality and long-term
injury severity as well as
rehabilitation
Decade of Action Plan
1. Road safety managment
2. Safe roads and mobility
3. Safe vehicles
4. Safe road users
5. Post crash response
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
19
European Region
Safe roads for all traffic participants
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
20
European Region
Decade of
Action Plan
Issue Examples of effective
interventions in Europe /Slovenia
Road safety
managment
Comprehensive data collection – serious injuries and fatalities
Sweden, Finland – investigation of all crashes with fatalities and serious injuries,Slovenia started, too.
Safe roads
and
mobility
Road design to reduce speed and for VRUS,
Speed limits (50, 30, 10 km/h) in high pedestrians zones: no more deaths or injured children near schools
Safe roads for all traffic participants
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
21
European Region
Decade of
Action Plan
Issue Examples of effective
interventions in Europe /Slovenia
Safe vehicles Vehicle design
Safe pedestrian fronts
EURO NCAP
Safe roads for all traffic participants
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
22
European Region
Decade of
Action Plan
Issue Examples of effecive interventions in
Europe/Slovenia
Safe road
users
Nighttime visibility Pedestrians awareness campaigns: “Be visible”
Post crash
responseRehabilitation for repeat
offenders
Rehabilitation programmes for repeat
offenders, treatment for addicted persons
(pilot studies with interlocks)
Active role of medical doctors in
counselling drivers committed a traffic
offence.
• 100% of countries in the region have drink-drive
legislation
• Significant differences within the region in road
traffic injury rates.
• High-level of alcohol consumption
• Growning problem of drink-walking
• Continued problem of drink-driving, especially in
the East
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
23
Observations from the region
European Region
• UN to work with governments to apply UN
Decade target to alcohol impaired VRU fatality
reductions
• Governments should prioritize VRU safety
• Improve data collection and analysis on crashes
involving VRUs (hospital, police)
• Promote evidence based solutions and
evaluation of measures
• Encourage public awareness and discussion
before mandatory controls.6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
24
Recommendations for moving forward
European Region
Thank you!
6 May 2013
Global Road Safety Week -
UNECE – ICAP symposium
Regional Perspectives on Drinking and Driving
25