L/T Resources Suggest appropriate learning activities
so that students may have opportunities to develop their scientific investigation skills as well as higher order thinking skills
Articulating pedagogies recommended in S4-5 Chemistry Curriculum
Student-centred learning activities New topics and teaching ideas
Exemplars of L/T Activities
1. IT for Interactive Learning Activities2. Datalogging Experiments3. Problem Solving Activities4. Microscale Chemistry Experiments5. Inquiry-based Experiments6. Reading to Learn Activities7. Other Learning Activities
IT for Interactive Learning Complements strategies of learning and teaching
inside and outside classroom IT helps learning in
Providing audio/visual aids for difficult concepts Allow students to work at their own pace Interaction between learners, resources and
teachers Facilitating acquisition of information, the
development of critical thinking and knowledge building
Collaboration between learners and teachers
Learning to Learn The Way Forward in Curriculum Development, 2001
IT Usage in Curriculum
Data Acquisition
Data Analysis *
Video #
Information Search
Collaborative Learning
Simulation
Animation #1, #2
3-D images #
Online Exercises
Web-based learningresources #1, #2
Simulations (1/5) An extension of teacher’s expertise, as is a textbook o
r other resources Neither an alternative to nor an imitation of lab-based
practical work: it is a form of knowledge representation in its own right.
An effective simulations puts learner in an active role in an environment which has a set of rules, either static or changeable.
It requires students to make decisions in order to accomplish a goal.
It allows students to take control of the organisation and content of their own learning.
Linda Baggott (1998)
Simulations (2/5) Chemistry Simulations, Royal Chemical
Society, http://www.chemit.co.uk/java/ Order of Reaction and Effect of Temp *
ICT resources to support Chemistry teaching for the 11-19 age range
http://www.chemit.co.uk/pageshow.aspx?PageID=44&selection=0
Simulations (3/5) Iowa State University
http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/animationsindex.htm
Concentration Cells
Simulations (4/5) Activation Energy Experiment, Iowa State University Iodine Clock Reaction,
University of Missouri-Rolla
Simulations (5/5) Web-experiments, Dr Nutt, Davidson College
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ronutt/che115/che115_2.htm#experiments
Chemical Equilibrium
Information Search (1/6) Develop strategies and skills for information
retrieval and critical evaluation of different information sources
Questions raised by our everyday experiences How does a hand-warmer work? What causes an instant ice-pack to cool?
Search engines Starter websites Reporting
Information Search (2/6) Canned Heat (SternoTM). Alcohol trapped in the net
work of solid calcium acetate, forming a gel.
When ignited, the alcohol in the gel burns.
http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA3/MAIN/CANHEAT/PAGE1.HTM
Information Search (4/6)
“Hot When You Want” Coffee Self-heating Can CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) http://www.chem.soton.ac.uk/exp
lore/b29/ajr1.htm
Information Search (5/6) Physiotherapy Heat Pad Supersaturated solution of
sodium acetate Reusable To use, simply flex the disc in the
liquid pad and the contents will crystallize at a safe preset temperature.
To recharge, simply place the pad in boiling water for five to ten minutes to return the crystals to their liquid state, once cool the pad is now ready to re-use.
Information Search (6/6) Instant Cold Pack water + heat + NH4NO3(s) → NH4
+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
Lower temperature to -7 oC for cooling of body organs in first aid treatment
Webquest Approach Inquiry-based activity in which some or all of the inf
ormation that learners interact with comes from resources on the internet (Bernie Dodge)
involves real life activity where students are engaged in solving real-life problems
Acquire new information and make sense of it Analyse a body of knowledge deeply and transform
it in some way http://webquest.sdsu.edu http://www.jozie.net/JF/HS_Chem/Resources/web
quest.htm
Atomic Model Webquests Mordern Atomic Theory
http://web.mvesc.k12.oh.us/samples/samp_webquest.asp The Great Atomic Adventure http://www.pekinhigh.net
/webquest/springborn/index.htm Atomic Model Webquest http://mhsweb.ci.manchester.ct.us/Library
/webquests/atomicmodels.htm Atomic Theory Time Travel Mission http://www.geocities.com
/dlkennen/webquest The Modern Model of the Atom: A History
http://www.pvnrt.com/chem/chemistryhandouts/ch12electronconfigs/atomicmodelquest.htm
History of Atom Webquest http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/teacher_pages/hirsh/atom/atom-w.html
Development of Atomic Theory http://www.scs.k12.tn.us/STT99_WQ/STT99/Bartlett_HS/stephensonp/Trish/atomic_theory.htm
Problem Solving Activities “Student should spend more time on thinking
than on doing, ‘more time interacting with ideas and less time interacting with apparatus’.”
Free learners from some of the drudgery that goes with practical work in order to allow them to move on higher order skills e.g. predicting, observing, discussing, explaining, hypothesising, interpreting
Problem Solving Activities Phase diagrams of CO2 and H2O
Dry Ice
Ice
Liquefaction of CO2 in Chemistry Comes Alive 2, JCEd
Problem Solving Activities Stretching and contraction of a Rubber Band
TS = H - G; H>0, -G>0, S>0 for contraction
http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HomeExpts/rubberband.html http://www.usm.maine.edu/~rhodes/Goodies/RubBandThermo.html
After heating by a hair dryer for 5 mins
Inquiry-based Expts (1/2) Approaches: structured, guided and open In guided inquiry, the topic of investigation
is often given to the students. Students choose what data to be collected design the procedures to address the activity’s
main question Develop skills in scientific investigations
and high order thinking Experiments
Oxygen absorber (Qualitative) Vitamin C content in fruit drinks (Quantitative)
Inquiry-based Expts (2/2) Oxygen absorber (脫氧劑 ) for moon cakes
Tests: solubility, dil. acid, Cu(SO4)(aq), dry heating, KMnO4/H+(aq), magnet
Vitamin C content in fruit drinks Analytical Methods (direct / back titrations) Possible investigations: compare the Vitamin C content of
fresh juice with Ribena, reconstituted frozen orange juice, boiled, ‘improperly’ stored e.g. exposed to air, sunlight
Possible experiments and results; guiding questions Salters Advanced Chemistry
http://www.york.ac.uk/org/seg/salters/chemistry
Reading to Learn (1/4)
Promote more independent learning capabilities
Consolidate and widen students’ understanding of chemistry
Historical and latest development in chemistry
Reading to Learn (2/4) Reading tasks: answering comprehensive &
open-ended questions, writing a summary or a short report, preparing a concept map or a poster
Directed Activities Related to Texts (DARTs): encourages students to read actively for meaning http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/read/darts.shtml
Reading materials: relevant, appropriate level, interesting, follow-up reading activities
Reading to Learn (3/4) Books:
Chemistry at work, Chemistry Connection, Chemistry in Context: lab manual & study guide, 《蘇老師掰化學》 ,《現代化學 I—改變中的傳統概念》
Magazines: Catalysts, ChemMatters, Chemistry Review,
Journal of Chemical Education, Journal of College Science Teaching, New Scientist, Scientific American, 科學人
Reading to Learn (4/4)
Internet Introductory Readings in Green Chemistry,
American Chemical Societyhttp://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=education\greenchem\greenreader.html
Chemical of the Week http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/chemweek.html
Newspapers http://i.am/chemsir
Through the looking glass and what Alice at there (Mirror Image Land) “Alice (of Alice in Wonderland fame) walks through a mirror i
nto a mirror image world. Assuming that she is not changed by this transition, her enzymes are still only capable of processing molecules of the handedness of her native world. In short, she has a problem that will severely curtail the duration of her stay because when she gets hungry she can eat, but her body cannot make use of most of the calorie containing molecules such as L-glucose that exist naturally in the mirror image world. Her enzymes are designed for digesting its enantiomer, D-glucose. So the question is, what can Alice eat in the mirror-image world that provides nutritional value to her?” (reading tasks)
Yee, G.T. (2002) Through the looking glass and what alice at there, Journal of Chemical Education, 79 (5), pp.569-571
Dinan, F.J. and Yee, G.T. (2004) An Adventure in Stereochemistry, Journal of Science Teaching, 34 (2), pp.25-29
Organic ReactionsOrganic Reactions
Reaction OctopusesReaction OctopusesIntroductionIntroduction
Conversion 1-2-3Conversion 1-2-3
Synthesis of useful Synthesis of useful productsproducts
Your ProgressYour Progress
Top TenTop Ten
Seminars on Pedagogy and Resources for Learning and Teaching of Sixth Form Chemistry (Late June 2005)
Briefing, discussion and tryout of experiments
Spectroscope