Lipid
• A fat that can be tested on a brown paper bag
• Used in storage- slow released
• Animals that hibernate need fats.
SUGARS
• SOME SUGARS END IN
OSE
GLUOSE
ENZYME
SOME ENZYMES END IN
_____ASE
STARCH
IODINE IS
TEST FOR
STARCH
TURNS BLUE
BLACK
COMPLEX
SUGAR
ANAEROBICNO OXYGEN
Neuron
• NERVE CELL
Respiratory System
• Supplies body cells with nutrients and oxygen
AIDS • Virus infection
• Viruses have DNA and
RNA with protein coat
• FLU AND COMMON COLD ARE VIRUSES
• THEY NEED A HOST
Recessive Organism
• What you would use to do a test cross
• You do not know the genotype
• Example: Black
Bb or BB
Sinus and Strep Infection
• Bacterial infection
• These can be cured with an antibiotic
Thylakoid and Stroma
• Part of the chloroplast
• The chloroplast always pertains to PHOTOSYNTHESIS
T-cells
• Activated when a vaccine is given
• Guards against having the disease
• Example: Flu Vaccine
B-cells
• Produces antibodies
• Helps the body fight
infections
Mammal
• Nourished by a placenta before birth
• Mammal feed their young with mammary glands
Human Insulin
• Genetic engineering allowed insulin to be inserted into bacteria to be used , it is secreted by the pancreas
• This was a type of transgenic organism
Pedigree
• A chart that shows family inheritance
• Square are males• Circles are female
• Shaded are affected• Half shaded are
carriers
Malnutrition
• A condition that occurs when a person doesn’t eat a balanced meal
Density Independent
• Factors that are abiotic that affect the size of a population
• Examples: weather, fire, pollulants
Density Dependent
Factors that effect the size or growth of a population
Includes Biotic Factors
Food, parasitism, predation,disease
Passive Immunity
• Acquired at birth• Helps protect
at birth
Passed on through mother’s milk
Abiogenesis
• Life comes from non-living things
Spontaneous Generation
Redi was the first to attempt to prove biogenesis
Pasteur proved it
Abiotic Factor
• Non-living things; example: soil, temp.
• Abiotic factors can affect living things
• Lack of oxygen!!
Acid
• Has a pH of less than 7 on a scale of 0-14
Acid Rain
• Pollution that comes from coal burning power plants
Active Transport
• Requires energy
• Example
is potassium
It has to be moved in the cell
Adaptation
• Anything that helps an organism survive
• When an organism survives it can reproduce!!
Adenine
• A base that pairs with Thymine or Uracil
• Is found in DNA and RNA
• DNA A-T• RNA A-U
AEROBIC
• Uses oxygen
Makes more energy
Allele
• Alternate form of a gene
Amino Acid
• Makes proteins (building blocks)
• Proteins made in the r\
Ribosomes
3 codons make an
Amino acid
Amniocentesis• Test on an unborn
child to determine genetic disorders
Amphibian
• Dual life-part of life water-other-land
Anaphase
• Cell division when centromeres divide
Anther
• POLLEN PRODUCED
BY THESE STRUCTURES
SPERM AND POLLEN ARE THE SAME
Asymmetry
• No shape
Autotroph
• Able to feed itself (plants)
Auxin
• Growth hormone<plant
Behavior
• Type of action an organism exhibits
Bilateral Symmetry
• Right equals left side
Asexual Reproduction
• Reproduction that requires only 1 parent
Binary Fission
• Simplest form of reproduction
Biogenesis
• Life comes from life
Biome
• Major area that consists of biotic and abiotic factor (temperature, forest)
Biosphere
• Area life exist on earth
Biotic Factor
• Living things- plants and animals
Blood
• Fluid used to carry gases (02)
Cancer
• Abnormal cells growing out of control
Carrier
• Has the allele but not the disease
Cell cycle
• Cycle at which the cell divides. Cells come from other cells
Cell Theory
• Cell is basic unit of all living things (Hooke)
Centriole
• Animal cells used for cell division
Cell Wall
• Support and protection in plant cells
• COMPOSED OF CELLUOSE
Chloroplast
• Organelle of photosynthesis
• USES CO 2 AND WATER
Chromosomes
• Rod shaped bodies with DNA
• THIS IS A MALE
DIFFERENT SIZE
CHROMOSOMES
Codon
• Three bases in RNA that make one amino acid
• AMINO ACID MAKES PROTEINS
Commensalism
• Symbiotic relationship where one benefits the other.(not helped or harmed)
Compound Microscope
• Two lense -most common
Climax Community
• Fully developed area
Cilia
• Hairlike projections used in movement
Codominant• NEITHER
ALLELE IS DOMINANT
• BOTH COLORS SHOW
Decomposer
• Breakdown things in the environment
DermisOUTER
LAYER
OF SKIN
Dormancy
• Resting period of plant
Dorsal
• Back side
Ecology
• Study of living and non-living things
Endangered Species
• Numbers reducing
Endocytosis
• Bringing into the cells
INSIDE
Estivation
• Cooling in the summer time
Ethylene
• Ripe gas in plants
Food Chain
• Links from one organism to another
Monosacarides
• Make up sugars
Cell Membrane
• Maintains homeostasis in the cell
Crossing Over
• The exchange of parts between two homologous chromosomes
Vaccine
• How you acquire active immunity to a disease
Reproduction
• Measures how successful an organism is
Gene• Traits
Gene Pool
• All trait in
an area
Genotype
• Genetic make-up; example: BB or Bb
• THIS IS A HETEROZYOUS CROSS
Geotropism
• Plants responds to gravity
DNA BASES
G-C
A-T
Gymnosperm
• Cone bearing plants- pine tree
Habitat • Place organism
lives
Hemoglobin
• Oxygen carrying molecule
HAPLOID
• ½ NUMBER OF
CHROMOSOMES
HerbivoreHETEROTROPH
CONSUMER• Plant Eater
Heredity
STUDY OF GENETICS
Hermaphrodites BOTH SEXES
Heterotroph
• Not able to
feed itself
Heterozygous DOMINANT
Bb
Tt
Hibernation
• BEARS SLEEP IN THE WINTER
• BEARS NEED A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF FAT TO HIBERNATE
Homologous CHROMOSOMES
TT
BB
Hypotonic
• Solution low; swells
Hypertonic
• Solution high; shrinks
Imprinting
• Bonding at birth
Incomplete Dominance
• Neither allele is dominant. Red and white = pink
• MAKE ALL PINK IN THE FIRST GENERATION
Insulin
• Protein that controls blood sugar
Innate Behavior
• Inborn, don’t teach
CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
REMOVES EXCESS WATERMAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS
OBESITYOVER WEIGHT
• CAUSES
MEDICAL
PROBLEMS
STARCHSTORED IN PLANTS
GLYCOGENSTORED IN ANIMALS
SEX-LINKEDFOUND ON THE X
CHROMOSOMECOLOR-BLIND
BLOOD TYPES
DNA FINGERPRINTINGHELPS ID AN ORGANISM
GEL ELECTROPHESIS
HUMAN GENOME PROJECTMAPPED IN HUMAN GENES
THIGMOTROPISMRESPONDS TO TOUCH
XYLEMCONDUCTS WATER
PHLOEMCONDUCTS SUGAR
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
LEARNED BEHAVIOR
NICHEWAY AN ORGANISM LIVES
OUT IT LIVE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CARBON CYCLEGET CO2 FROM LIVING THINGS
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
EXPONTENIAL GROWTHJ-CURVE
S- CURVE
• REALISTIC –REACHES A CARRYING CAPACITY
TRIAL AND ERROR
FORESTDESTROYED --CARBON
DIOXIDES GOES UP
COMMON ANCESTOR
WHAT DOES THIS BIRD EAT?FRUIT OR HARD NUTS
REPRODUTIVE STRUCTURES
PKUCANNOT DIGEST ENZYMES
• Tested at Birth
RESTRICTED ENZYMECHEMICAL SCISSORS
• Used to cut DNA
PLASMIDCIRCULAR DNA
TRANSGENIC ORGANISMGenetic Engineering
PRIMARY SUCCESSIONNEW LAND
SECONDARY SUCCESSIONLAND RECOVERY
SUCCESSION
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONSDESTROY OZONE
SUBSTRATE
BROM0THYMOL BLUE
• CHANGES COLOR IN PRESENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE
OSMOSIS
• SWISHING WITH SALT WATER TO RELIEF SWOLLEN GUMS
Homologous Structures
• SHARE A COMMON STUCTURE
COMMON ANCESTOR
MITOCHONDRIAFOUND ABUNDANT IN CELLS
THAT NEED ENERGY• HAS IT OWN DNA
RIBOSOMES
COMMON WITH EUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTES- MAKE PROTEINS
CROSSING OVER
GENETIC DIVERSITY
ENZYMES
AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE
AFFECTED BY pH
HOMEOSTASISBALANCE
ATPMITOCHONDRIA- CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
ANIMALSGIVES OFF
CARBON
DIOXIDE
PLANTS
GIVES OFF
OXYGEN
BACTERIA RESISTANCEWE WILL SURVIVE
SKIN CANCERUV RAYS
PRIMITIVE
HEMOPHILABleeder Disease
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
• DNA MUST REPLICATE DURING BOTH OF THESE PROCESSES
• MEIOSIS REDUCES
• MITOSIS REMAINS THE SAME
CARBON CYCLE
• PLANTS TAKE IN CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON CYCLE
• ANIMALS GIVE OFF CARBON DIOXIDE
• PLANTS TAKE IN CARBON DIOXIDE
GENDER
• MALE XY
• FEMALE XX
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• SCIENTIST ARE INTERESTED IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELL
MUTATIONCHANGE IN DNA
FUNGIMULTICELLAR, HETEROTROPH
YEASTCARRIES ON ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION
ONLY UNICELLUAR FUNGI—GIVES OFF CARBON DIOXIDE
MALARIAMOSQUITOES NEED A HUMAN
TO COMPLETE LIFE CYCLE
LARGE LEAFIS ADVANTAGE OF LOW LIGHT
CYSTIC FIBROSISRECESSIVE TRAIT
cc
trait
EARLOBES
• FREE ATTACHED
SEX-LINKEDTRAIT
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENTGIVES RISE TO MORE
VARIETIES
MINICRY
ROOT CAPRAPID CELL DIVISION
CO- EVOLUTIONSPECIES EVOLE AT THE SAME TIME
DECOMPOSERSRELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE
CELLULOSECOMPONENT OF CELL WALL
VIRUS
THEY CONTAIN RNA AND DNA AND PROTEIN COATS
THEY ARE NOT CELLS THEY ARE PARTICLES
INSECT RESISTANCE
ABLE TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE
SUNULTIMATE ENERGY SOURCE
PARAISTISM
ONE IS HURT THE OTHER IS HELPED
COMMENSALISM
ONE IS HELPED THE OTHER IS NEITHER HURT OR HELPED
ALLELE COMBINATIONS
TtBb
TB, Tb, tB, tb
PLANTS THAT EAT FOODHAVE SPECIAL ENZYMES
VENUS FLY TRAP PITCHER PLANT
OSMOSIS
MOVING THROUGH
WATER!!!
HUMAN POPULATION
HUMANS OVER
POPULATION
NATURAL RESOURCES
WILL DECLINE
GENE THERAPY
TO PUT NORMAL
CELLS
INTO HUMANS
CORRECT
DISORDERS
CARBON CYCLE
TWO PROCESS ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH
THIS CYCLE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
GYMNOSPERM AND ANGIOSPERM
BOTH OF THESE HAVE SEEDS
HELPED THEM CONQUER LAND