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AVIATION HISTORY
Lecture 12 : Space Exploration
By: Zuliana Ismail, 2010
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Space exploration is the use of
astronomy and space
technology to explore outerspace
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Space Exploration
The exploration of space began , with
launch of the first artificial satellite,
Sputnik 1, which the Soviets sent intoorbit in 1957.
Globally, 43 countries now have their own
observing or communication satellites inEarth orbit.
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Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
became the first human in space
in 1961.
On July 20, 1969, Astronau
Neil Armstrong took a giant
step for mankind as he ste
onto the moon.
Valentina Tereshkova
First Human go to Space
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What is Satellites??
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What is satellites
Satellites are made by scientists and
technologists to go around the earth (orbiting)
and do certain jobs.
Satellites have many applications includingcommunications, weather observations and
military uses.
All satellites use microwaves for sending
information. These waves travel at the speed of light and are
able to pass through the Earths atmosphere.
On Earth we can receive satellite data through
ground station
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How go to outer space
A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep
its self flying.
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How Does a Satellite Get Into Space?
A satellite is launched or sent to the space by
using the rocket.
Satellites are launched from the places near theocean, so that when the first rocket stage falls
away, it lands in the water and not on people.
Examples of places to launch rocket in the world
are: Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, FrenchGuiana; Xichang, China, and Baikonur, Kazakstan.
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How Does a Satellite Get Into Space?
When a satellite is launched, it is placed in orbit
around the earth.
The earths gravity holds the satellite in a certainpath as it goes around the earth.
Once in the orbit, satellite can start sending and
receiving signals.
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Malaysias Satellites
Malaysia-East Asia Satellite
(MEASAT) system.
RazakSATsatellite
Satellites GroundStation
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Access to space is very
expensive.Why go there?
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Satellites Telecommunications
Communications via satellite allows high-speedtransmission for telephony, TV and internet aroundthe world.
Satellites provide a clear data transformation.
In principle, satellites enable a simpler system,without cables, to provide a vital link everywhere.
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Earths Observation Satellites
Earth observations satellites is in a wide range ofapplications.
This satellite take very accurate pictures of theearths surface, sending back images that tell
scientists about changes that are going on around
the world in such areas as agriculture, water
pollution, disaster and meteorology. Meteorological satellites can forecast weather
and earlier weather info could be used to ensurethe safety of flight or people in ground.
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Navigation Satellites
GPS-Global Positioning System. GPS satellites can navigate us at anytime, any
weather & anywhere on the Earth.
Used by car, aircraft and personal uses to knowthe direction.
It is now almost impossible to get lost if you havethe right equipments like GPS
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Research in Space
Many of scientific experiments cant be done inEarth due to presence of gravity.
However, those experiments can be done more
effectively in space.
This is due to zero-gravity environment in Space.
International Space Station(ISS)
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International Space Station
ISS is the largest and most complex international
scientific project in history.
Led by the United States, the International Space
Station draws upon the scientific and technologicalresources of 16 nations: Canada, Japan, Russia, 11
nations of the European Space Agency and Brazil.
The ISS provides a platform to conduct experiments
that require one or more of the unusual conditionspresent on the station.
The primary fields of research include human
research, space medicine, life sciences, physical
sciences, astronomy and meteorology
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Space Researches Benefits
Researches and technologies about space
exploration are very important for humanity.
Research done is space contribute to improvingnational security, the economy, productivity and
lifestyle.
Since 1976, more than 30,000 applications
space technology have been brought down earth to enhance our everyday life.
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Space Researches Benefits
1. Technology - space program technology has resulted in
more than 1,500 commercial products, including satellite
radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone
technology, and GPS navigation.
2. Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps,
cancer detection devices, eye surgery, and numerous
other medical and safety devices and improvementstrace their origins to space technology.
MRI technology(brain
scanners) in hospitals
worldwide came from
technology developed inspace
Pharmaceuticals
produced in space
with zero gravity have
purities far higher than
any produced onEarth
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Space Researches Benefits
3. Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have
also benefited from the space exploration. The
astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic parts
that could only be produced in the space during theirexperiments in the space stations and space shuttles.
4. Environmental: Clean & Safe Water. Water-purification
technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is nowemployed in several applications to kill bacteria, viruses,
and algae in community water-supply systems.
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