Download ppt - L IBERALISATION & R EGULATION IN THE E LECTRONIC C OMMUNICATIONS S ECTOR

NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

Electrical & Computer Engineering School

LIBERALISATION & REGULATION IN THE ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR

http://www.netmode.ntua.gr/Courses/Graduate/Liberalization & Regulation in

the Telecommunication Sector

Vasilis Maglaris <[email protected]>

Vassilis Merekoulias <[email protected]>

Technical aspects of Electronic Communications Networks

June 2009 2



• Core – Backbone Network– Fixed (Fiber, PDH/SDH, PoS, GigaBit Ethernet, WDM, DWDM)– Wireless

• Access Network– Fixed wired (Fiber to the Curb/Home, Cable, Coax, Copper -

xDSL)– Wireless (802.11, 802.16, LMDS)– Mobile (GSM, UMTS, 802.11)– Satellite communications (DVB/RCS, VSAT)

• Interconnection– Interconnection– Unbundling

Classification of Electronic Communications

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Backbone - Core Networks

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Backbone - Core Networks (cont'd)

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Access Networks

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Access Networks (cont'd)

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Access NetworkAccess Network

Access Network

Access Network

Backbone / Core Network

Electronic Communications Networks

Single Operator

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Electronic Communications Networks

Access Network

Access NetworkAccess Network

Access Network

Backbone / Core Network Backbone / Core Network

Competition

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Interconnection

• Physical and logical connection of telecommunications networks.

• Users connected to different telecommunications networks communicate directly or indirectly.

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Interconnection - PSTN

OperatorA

OperatorB

A SubscriberB Subscriber

Switch

Trunk Group

Point ofInterconnect(POI)

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Interconnection - NGN

OriginatingCarrier

ISP B

Users

Point ofPresence(POP)

Users

TerminatingCarrier

ISP B

Web Sites Web Sites

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Interconnection - NGN

OriginatingCarrier

ISP B

Users

Users

TerminatingCarrier

ISP B

Web Sites Web Sites

BackboneCarrier

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Services provided by networks

• Traditional TELCO offerings (ATM – PDH/SDH)

• New TELCO Broadband offerings (Gigabit Ethernet/Packet over SDH, λ-DWDM)

• Alternate models (dark fiber, condominium arrangements)

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Customer Empowered Networks• School boards and municipalities are building condominium dark fiber

networks in partnership with next generation carrier• Individual institutions – the customers – own and control their own strands

of fiber– Fiber are configured in point to point private networks; or– Connect to local ISP or carrier hotel– Private sector maintains the fiber

• Low cost LAN architectures and optics are used to light the fiber• These new concepts in customer empowered networking are starting in the

same place as the Internet started – the university and research community.• Customers will start with dark fiber but will eventually extend further outwards

with customer control and ownership of wavelengths– Extending the Internet model of autonomous peering networks to the telecom

world

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Market Drivers Low cost

Up to 1000% reduction over current telecom prices. 6-12 month payback LAN invades the WAN – no complex SDH/SONET or ATM in network

Network Restoral & Protection can be done by customer using a variety of techniques such as wireless backup, or relocating servers to a multi-homed site, etc

Enables new applications and services not possible with traditional telecom service providers

Relocation of servers and extending LAN to central site Outsourcing LAN and web servers to a 3rd party with no performance impact IP telephony in the wide area (skype) HDTV video

Allows access to new competitive low cost telecom and IT companies at carrier neutral “meet me” points

Much easier to outsource servers, e-commerce etc to a 3rd party at a carrier neutral collocation facility

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What is condominium fiber?• A number of organizations (schools, hospitals, businesses and universities) get

together to fund and build a fiber network• Carrier partners are also invited to be part of condominium project• Fiber is installed, owned and maintained by 3rd party professional fiber

contractors – usually the same contractors used by the carriers for their fiber builds

• Each institution gets its own set of fibers, at cost, on a 20 year IRU (Indefeasible Right of Use).

• One time up front cost, plus annual maintenance and right of way cost approx 5% of the capital cost

• Institution lights up their own strands with whatever technology they want – Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, PBX, etc

• Ideal solution for point to point links for large fixed institutions• Payback, with the current level of prices, is usually less than 18 months!!!

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Municipal Condo Architecture

School

School board orCity Hall

School

Telco Central Office

Central OfficeFor Wireless

Company

Condominium Fiber with separate strands owned by school and by service providers

Carrier Owned Fiber Cable head end

Average Fiber Penetration to 250-500

homes

ColoFacility 802.11/802.16

Fiber Splice Box

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Benefits to Carriers• Cablecos and telcos: helps them accelerate the

deployment of high speed internet services into the community

• Small Innovative Service Providers: provides opportunities to offer service to public institutions as well as homes

• e-Commerce & Web Hosting Companies: generates new business in outsourcing, web hosting, Hosting etc.

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Montreal, Quebec (consortium)• Municipal authorities, school boards, RISQ (Réseau d’informations

scientifiques du Québec – Quebec scientific information network) and IMS (IMS Health Canada) have joined in a consortium to build a municipal owned dark fibre network.

– Schools can be connected for an average of $80 per month, per school based on a 20 year amortization of the fibre & eliminate the network servers at each individual school

– Each school has essentially unlimited bandwidth (100 Mbps)– Schools LAN can be extended back to the central administrative site.

Maintenance, Backups and Software Updates can all be done much more cost effectively from the central administrative building.

– Schools are able to explore new high-end applications such as video conference & Voice over IP.

• In Montreal, the estimated payback for dark fibre is between 6 months and 2 years.

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The case of FTTH (Fiber to the Home)

• Problem: How to provide facilities based competition with FTTH?• The incumbent avoids heavy regulation• First generation FTTH models assume the old telco model where

competitors can only get open access e.g. PON (Passive Optical Networks)

• Second generation FTTH models assume structural separation between service providers and an “aggregator” using Gigabit Ethernet or ATM

• CANARIE (the Canadian Research & Education Network) proposes a third generation FTTH model with structural separation using condominium fiber and choice of aggregators or service providers through point to point fiber and RPON (reverse PON)….

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Gigabit Internet to the Home• With municipal condominium fiber builds multiple carriers share in the cost of

fiber build out to neighbourhood nodes serving approximately 250-500 homes• It is impractical to have multiple carriers own individual strands from the

neighbourhood node to each and every home:– Therefore let the customer have title to individual fiber from the residence to the

neighborhood node– The customer connects to the service provider of their choice at the

neighborhood node– Customer decides if they wish to connect to an aggregator, convergence

provider, or single service Internet provider

• Two approaches:– RPON which allows easy moves, adds and changes– Micro conduit, fiber is blown in upon customer request from designated service

provider

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Gigabit to the Home

ISP BISP C

Splice Box

Up

to

15 k

m

Customer owns fiber strand all the way toNeighborhood Node

XX

864 strands

ISP D

ISP E Colo Facility with RPON

Colo Facility

Business with dual

connections

Municipal Condominium Fiber Trunk

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RPON

Passive OpticalSplitter

TDM return

Aggregator

ISP

NeighborhoodNode

Switch

Customer Controlled or Owned Fiber

Active laser at customer premises

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Regional Networks in EU

• Sweden• UK• Ireland• Greece

– 69 Municipal networks ~ 70M€– Municipal wireless networks based on 802.11 and/or

802.16– Private & Public funding to develop broadband access

networks in Greece (except Attica & Thessalonica)