Brayton Cycle
KOMPRESSOR
How Does it Work? Cont.
Shaft
Exhaust Gas
Ambient Air In
Compressor Inlet
Turbine Exit
KOMPRESSOR
KOMPRESSOR
Alat yang dipakai untuk
menaikkan tekanan udara
dengan cara memampatkan
volumenya.
Dilihat dari cara kerjanya,
ada beberapa tipe
kompressor:
1. Kompressor torak
a. kerja tunggal
b. kerja ganda
2. Kompressor Rotary
Tipe kompressor
ejector
centrifugal-
turboaxial-turbo
vane liquidring
screw rotaryblower
labyrinth diaphragm
rotary reciprocating
trunk crosshead free-piston
single-rotor double-rotor
helical
displacementcompressor
dynamic compressor
What is compressed air?
Compressed air is ...... compressed atmospheric air
... a mixture of gases
... compressible
... an energy carrier
Proportional relationship between pressure, temperature und volume:
still valid:
user
air main
air treatment
Air centre
Power station
grid system
transformer
user
Physical laws
–COMPRESSED AIR is atmospheric air under pressure. That means energy is stored in the air. –When the compressed air expands againthis energy is released as WORK.
Components of air
21%
other gasses
78%
nitrogen
oxygen 1%
Atmospheric pressure......is generated by the weight of the atmosphere. It is dependent on the DENSITY of the air and the height:
The normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.013 bar (760 mmHg (Torr))
Tekanan
Pressure (p) = Force (F)
Area (A)
1 Pascal (Pa)1 Newton (N)
1 m² (A)=
Equivalents105 Pa = 1 bar
1 MPa = 10 bar
Gauge pressure1 bar = 14,5 psi(g)
1 hPa = 0,001 bar
1 bar = 10197 mmWC
1 bar = 750,062 TorrA = 1 m2
1 N
for logical circuits:
for pneumaticsystems ( ISO 1219):
Some graphical symbols
CompressorDouble-acting
cylinder
Silencer Cooler
Safetyvalve
Pressuremeasurement
- pressure gauge
Temperaturemeasurement- thermometer
Filter or strainer
AND function
NOT functionOR
function
Simbol simbol
TURBO KOMPRESSOR
INTERCOOLER
ROTARY
Kompresor rotary mempunyai rotor dalam satu tempat dengan piston dan memberikan pengeluaran kontinyu bebas denyutan. Kompresor beroperasi pada kecepatan tinggi dan umumnya menghasilkan hasil keluaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kompresor reciprocating. Biaya investasinya rendah, bentuknya kompak, ringan dan mudah perawatannya,sehingga kompresor ini sangat popular di industri. Biasanya digunakan dengan ukuran 30 sampai 200 hp atau 22 sampai 150 kW.
Jenis dari kompresor putar adalah:§ Kompresor lobe (roots blower )§ Kompresor ulir§ Jenis baling-baling putar/baling-baling luncur, ring cairan dan jenis gulungan.
ROTOR
SCREW KOMPRESSOR
symmetricalprofile
asymmetricprofile
The world renowned
Advantages of CompAir screw compressorsCompressed air generation with two rotating screws
Keuntungan screw compressor
Advantages of CompAir screw compressors
Fluid injection
First task:
Second task:
Third task:
Fourth task
heat transfer, discharge temperatureapproximately 75 - 80 oC
lubrication of bearings
sealing the gap between rotors andcasing, prevention of metallic contact
absorbing dust,sulphur, etc.
FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR
fluid filter
hot fluid
compressedair
fluid-air mixture
cooled fluid
Construction:
SCREW KOMPRESSOR
KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT (IDEAL)
Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik yang sederhana adalah adalah kompressor dengan seluruh kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu selinder yang biasa disebut dengan kompressor satu satu tingkat.
Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan bahwa:
1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup masuk dan katup buang
2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah buang adalah konstan
3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi
4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung pada satu selinder
KOMPRESSOR TORAK
Reciprocating compressorssingle / two stage
Note thedifference:
- single / two stage- single acting / double acting
Installation: - portable- stationary
Application: (single stage)
- trade 10 bar- boosters 35 bar
Applications: trade, up to 15 barhigh pressure, up to 35 bar
Reciprocating compressorstwo stage inter-
cooling
top deadcentre
1 bar absolute8 bar
Upper piston clearance(dead space)
KOMPRESSOR TORAK
Double-actingwith crosshead
Application:High pressure, up to 1000 barin combination with screw compressors.Compression of gas
Kompresor
Multi stage kompresor
Kenisme kerja kompresor
Kompresor
Multi stage kompresor
KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA
Kompresor AC
Prinsip kerja AC
Compresor
Evaporator
Blower
Udara dingin
Fasa cair
Fasa gas
Kondensor
A
KOMPRESSOR CENTRIFUGAL
KOMPRESSOR ROTARY
Centrifugal Blower
Kapasitas debit sedang dan tekanan rendah
Centrifugal Blower
DISPLACEMENT BLOWER
DISPLACEMENT BLOWER
DISPLACEMENT BLOWER
DISPLACEMENT BLOWER
Centrifugal Compressor Operation
Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward the outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the impeller increases.
Major Components of Interest
• Compressor– Axial – Centrifugal
Axial Compressor Centrifugal Compressor
Example of Combination Flow
Intake Air Flow
Axial Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor
Intake air flow is forced down the center shaft initially by axially compressor stages, and then forced against engine perimeter by the centrifugal compressor.
Example of Axial Flow
Intake airflow is forced down the center shaft of the engine.
Multistage Axial Compressor
Center Shaft
Recommended