Brayton Cycle

KOMPRESSOR

How Does it Work? Cont.

Shaft

Exhaust Gas

Ambient Air In

Compressor Inlet

Turbine Exit

KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR

Alat yang dipakai untuk

menaikkan tekanan udara

dengan cara memampatkan

volumenya.

Dilihat dari cara kerjanya,

ada beberapa tipe

kompressor:

1. Kompressor torak

a. kerja tunggal

b. kerja ganda

2. Kompressor Rotary

Tipe kompressor

ejector

centrifugal-

turboaxial-turbo

vane liquidring

screw rotaryblower

labyrinth diaphragm

rotary reciprocating

trunk crosshead free-piston

single-rotor double-rotor

helical

displacementcompressor

dynamic compressor

What is compressed air?

Compressed air is ...... compressed atmospheric air

... a mixture of gases

... compressible

... an energy carrier

Proportional relationship between pressure, temperature und volume:

still valid:

user

air main

air treatment

Air centre

Power station

grid system

transformer

user

Physical laws

–COMPRESSED AIR is atmospheric air under pressure. That means energy is stored in the air. –When the compressed air expands againthis energy is released as WORK.

Components of air

21%

other gasses

78%

nitrogen

oxygen 1%

Atmospheric pressure......is generated by the weight of the atmosphere. It is dependent on the DENSITY of the air and the height:

The normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.013 bar (760 mmHg (Torr))

Tekanan

Pressure (p) = Force (F)

Area (A)

1 Pascal (Pa)1 Newton (N)

1 m² (A)=

Equivalents105 Pa = 1 bar

1 MPa = 10 bar

Gauge pressure1 bar = 14,5 psi(g)

1 hPa = 0,001 bar

1 bar = 10197 mmWC

1 bar = 750,062 TorrA = 1 m2

1 N

for logical circuits:

for pneumaticsystems ( ISO 1219):

Some graphical symbols

CompressorDouble-acting

cylinder

Silencer Cooler

Safetyvalve

Pressuremeasurement

- pressure gauge

Temperaturemeasurement- thermometer

Filter or strainer

AND function

NOT functionOR

function

Simbol simbol

TURBO KOMPRESSOR

INTERCOOLER

ROTARY

Kompresor rotary mempunyai rotor dalam satu tempat dengan piston dan memberikan pengeluaran kontinyu bebas denyutan. Kompresor beroperasi pada kecepatan tinggi dan umumnya menghasilkan hasil keluaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kompresor reciprocating. Biaya investasinya rendah, bentuknya kompak, ringan dan mudah perawatannya,sehingga kompresor ini sangat popular di industri. Biasanya digunakan dengan ukuran 30 sampai 200 hp atau 22 sampai 150 kW.

Jenis dari kompresor putar adalah:§ Kompresor lobe (roots blower )§ Kompresor ulir§ Jenis baling-baling putar/baling-baling luncur, ring cairan dan jenis gulungan.

ROTOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

symmetricalprofile

asymmetricprofile

The world renowned

Advantages of CompAir screw compressorsCompressed air generation with two rotating screws

Keuntungan screw compressor

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors

Fluid injection

First task:

Second task:

Third task:

Fourth task

heat transfer, discharge temperatureapproximately 75 - 80 oC

lubrication of bearings

sealing the gap between rotors andcasing, prevention of metallic contact

absorbing dust,sulphur, etc.

FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR

fluid filter

hot fluid

compressedair

fluid-air mixture

cooled fluid

Construction:

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT (IDEAL)

Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik yang sederhana adalah adalah kompressor dengan seluruh kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu selinder yang biasa disebut dengan kompressor satu satu tingkat.

Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan bahwa:

1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup masuk dan katup buang

2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah buang adalah konstan

3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi

4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung pada satu selinder

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Reciprocating compressorssingle / two stage

Note thedifference:

- single / two stage- single acting / double acting

Installation: - portable- stationary

Application: (single stage)

- trade 10 bar- boosters 35 bar

Applications: trade, up to 15 barhigh pressure, up to 35 bar

Reciprocating compressorstwo stage inter-

cooling

top deadcentre

1 bar absolute8 bar

Upper piston clearance(dead space)

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Double-actingwith crosshead

Application:High pressure, up to 1000 barin combination with screw compressors.Compression of gas

Kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

Kenisme kerja kompresor

Kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA

Kompresor AC

Prinsip kerja AC

Compresor

Evaporator

Blower

Udara dingin

Fasa cair

Fasa gas

Kondensor

A

KOMPRESSOR CENTRIFUGAL

KOMPRESSOR ROTARY

Centrifugal Blower

Kapasitas debit sedang dan tekanan rendah

Centrifugal Blower

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

Centrifugal Compressor Operation

Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward the outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the impeller increases.

Major Components of Interest

• Compressor– Axial – Centrifugal

Axial Compressor Centrifugal Compressor

Example of Combination Flow

Intake Air Flow

Axial Compressor

Centrifugal Compressor

Intake air flow is forced down the center shaft initially by axially compressor stages, and then forced against engine perimeter by the centrifugal compressor.

Example of Axial Flow

Intake airflow is forced down the center shaft of the engine.

Multistage Axial Compressor

Center Shaft